Ss Index 1. Index (=) 1 2. Real Number System (ares Fem) 2 3. Algebraic Expressions (afta aut) 3 4. — Standard Factors (ARS FRE) 3 5. Laws of indices (ais 3 fam) 3 6. Properties Of Sud = (Se S TH) 4 7. Properties of Proportion(wargua $ 7) hh 8. Mensuration (Safa) - oT 9. Properties of logarithms(aqy7s 3 7) 8 10. Equation System (# =) 8 11. Location of Roots (ast 1 Rafa) 9 | 12. Properties of Modulus (amie 3 7) 1 13. Complex Numbers (3? FEE) i 14. Properties of the roots z!* | 15. Rotation theorem (a wa) | 16. Trigonometry (Rema) ! 17. Inverse Trigonometry (ui. BERR) | 18. Matrix & Determinants rag + Enis) i 19. Binomial Expansions (@24¢ 4ER) i) 20. Exponential Series (Rraaist Si) i 21. Coordinate Geometry (Feézis sah) i) 22. Circles &) i) 23. Conic (xis) I 24. Functions (=) | 25. Limits (a) i 26. Differentiation (a5) i 27. Indefinite and Delinite Integral(=Se>) i) 28. Vector & 3D (SRR oa) 29. Statistics (sites) | 30. Numerical Methods (aise fea) | 31. Probability (asa) : 32. Progression (=) i iPatel eek Gd >.ND uonoe1y dodoig uonse.Ay dadoidury ‘TE FEIT TTY kekJ lk diichic GZ 40 ,.Dsjeuonovay {7 Enea} (heajhie) .O [euone.ay bein CD sytch inte ; : s.1939jUy aanesayy 1989}UT 9ANIsog 10 (ND sequmy peanyegy tor ‘TF 7 ry \toh (Z 10 J) ssa8aquy (EF 8/2 FT FT FO} (heath) Oleuoney (Albal dbjpaip) Ca) saaquing [eaxSASS eee SrNIADwARYH | so I) Euclid’s F-Card - +d)? =a + 20b+ BF - (a+b? =a) +5) + Zab(a +b) . @-b =(a+b) (a8) . 2 +B? = (a + b)(a’—ab +b’) . & b= (a—b)(a’ + ab +B?) - a + ab? + bt = (a? + ab +b?) —ab + b) x4 Pt = +x+ ie—xt]) - @ ++ 3 sabe = @ bb +c) , xPoyh ag SWAB + x" yg + x,y"? + y2-2) a = 15 \@ #0) (6) a*=a” ee x= y(a#0,#1) y (7) x" $$ Algebraic Expressions asia A (a~by =a_2ab+ 5? (a-b) =a'- 53 3ab(a-b) @ +b = (a+b) 3ab (a + 5) a-53 = (a—b) + 3ab(a—b) Standard Factors 4M Wraug ‘ 3 a'—b! = (a + b)(a- by(a? + bY) a’ 6° = (a+ b)(a—b)(a? + ab + b°)(a’ — ab + b?) (@ +b? +c? ~ ab ~ be ~ ca) LENO) Bi Ye fMRI 3 V1) a”"== (az0 oF 20) qe? a” a”, where m and n are rational numbers na 28 taupe Ben a’ Where m and n are rational numbers, « . o (a")" =a™ =" =x =Yy (ifmis odd) &x= ty (ifmis even)Invertendo : (CSATHA) ge alge a | Values of Irrational 4 Numbers (Approx.) c 1 in 5%% | Alternendo (yermagi) =| 2 Vi0 = 3.162 . Vil = 3.317 8. vis 3361 9, Vi4= 3.742 10, ¥15 = 3.873 11. w= 314159265Ta eee COC Mer com ar iita Ss. | No Semi-Circle Geo. Figure | Perimeter & aT af Circumference ofa Circle (qe) af © ay Quadrant r (ahng gat) = Triangle(frza) 2s = a+b+c = ¥s(s-a)-HG— c) |aa ee ee liCLy gatafa (Plane Figures) 9. 8. 10. ~ Geo. Figure argh gia Rectangle (3779 “Perimeter & Diagonal ee P = Qarb) Plt bbe ’ b d= d; \ | wt | evfP +5, n f Square(74) zs P= 4a a d) = dy te i 4 |] a wHeaG | “Rhombus 3 (AY 1 ‘i zs — cawa oe Gein 1 twa At a’ or 5d 1 A=z(atbxhnear Mensuration #afufa (Solid Figures) 2ar(h +r) Sphere(717 1 Hemisphere (seinen ’. | Cuboid( wary “Area of dualls= 2h(l + 2(lb+ bh+hl) b) i v CSA +PSAa Let mand n be arbitrary positive numbers such that a>0,ael, >, b4) then 2) log, 1=0 m (4) we”) =log, m-log,n (1) og, a= 4 (3) tog (77) = 10g. m +108” (5) log, m” =nlog,m (6) tog, 6-10, 0 = 1 Rees log, a (7) log, a = log, a- log, 6 Or log, (8) fog *}=-06. oe. @ tie Fog. (q #0)- n log. b __ plog.a (10) a . =b ~ fe c#]) ana%"=m XX = (12)logga™ = m EMSC cts aU on: al Shri Dharacharya Formula (Quadratic Formula) (at 4.) e joerg of quadratic equation ax? +bx +c =0is _ —b + Vb? = 4ac J a 2a © Nature of roots : If D = b? — 4ac >0 > Distinct real roots thenD = =0 => Equal real roots <0 = Complex roots (Non — Real) Equation whose roots are a, 8 isx* — (a + B)x + af =0. © Equation whose roots are a, f,y is Basie bine +Gh + hy + vale = apy =0Euclid’s F-Card Pele Tee) a Oe CRM Me Let f(x) = ax’ + bx +c, wherea > 0&a,b,c€R, | ; Ly flay) (i) Conditions for both the roots of, f(x) = 0 to be greater than a specified number ‘xg’ are ay 6 b? - 4ac > 0; f (x9) > 0a(=—) > xo (li) Conditions for both the roots of Sx) = to be smaller than a specified number ‘x,’ are b b? - 4ac > 0; f(x») >08(-—) 08(-=)>x Gefen) (iv) Conditions that both Toots of f(x) = 0 to be confined between the numbers ‘x,’ and ‘x,’, (x) < 2) are b b? — 4ac > 0; f(x,) > 0; f(x,) > 0&x, < (- =) —b (~b, tb) jx] -b sx Stb>[-b, +b] |x] > bax <—borx2 b= (—~,—b] [ba jx-a|b=>xatb rN FP a<|xl {z]-0 #2-0 and |z|">)0 if 240. (ii) -|2|< Re (2)s 2| ana —|z|sIm (z)s|2| diy [eLA|-#1-1- 2112 Guy oF = |2 Reale ( Jnzel=|e4[leol In general |ziz22s ae 2q|=|2:||22| |za|----|2n | i) fe Hal te eo) (i) 2" [-l2fneN (viii) 21 #22 |7= (4 +20) +%,)=|2, f +|Z2 if +(2,2, +222) or | fF +|z2 t2Reez) (ix) |ntzl =|a[ sf is purely imaginary or n{}-0 2 @) [aves oln-f =2{In P+l|ssf'} (Law of parallelogram)ace tat ee Pet CMU a ab ‘Marg (z,2,) = arg(z,)+ arg(z,) In general arg (2,2223......... z,) = arg (z;) + org(z2) +0rg{23) +......+ OFGZ,) + 2K, (k =0 or 1 of -1) (ii) argz = -argz = ag (ii) arg (-z) = arg Re " dv) arg (2,25) = arg(z,) - arg(z2) ed ) (vy) on( =| = arg z,-argz, (vi) ary () = ay 2 2 (vii) arg (2") = narg z } (viii) yon 2-0 then on 21) 2 where ke (ix) org (z-Z) = +7/2 (x) arg(z) - arg{z) = + (If 2 is purely imaginary) (xi) 2122 +242 =2|z, | |Z [cog -4,), where 9, = arg (21). and 2 = arg(z,) (xii) The general value Of arg(z) is 2nm -arg(z). Tad rs a) Complex Number (z'") Let z= r(cos 6 +1sin 6) be a complex number. By using De'moivre's theorem n'* roots having n distinct values of such a complex number are given by gun = 110" os 2k +0 Pn cke +4) n where k=0,1,2.....,(n-1).[ee ee Square root of a Pet hme LLL FEC Ms cal MRL BL Ga Let cearld be a complen number, falco owe df (| for oe thon ove | : y 2 T2 |, ort>o | \\#|-a -{ [218 | ford <0, } Where |z| = Vath To find she square roca of ai, rept place | dyn Lert ae real MUA O ALO to 1 (i) All roots of 2” are in geometrical progression with common trite i ratio € (1) Sum of all roots of 2" is always equal to zero }) (i) Proxtact of all roots of 2" = (-1) 2. | (iv) Madis of al ras ere eqpaal andeach oped to 0'"* or Lz)". | (\) Angwements of all Wee Toots of z'" are in AP. with common 4 difference se ; n (vi) All roots of :'* lies on the circumference of a circle whose |} i cenire (y origin and radius equal to | 2|''* . Also these roots divides the circle ira n equal parts and forms a polygon of n sides Rotation theorem Bw EI Pa I i) Angle benween two intersecting lines. This ls alsa known as |i) 4 coni method, Let 4.22 and 23 be the affixes of three points A, B and C respectively taken on argand plane.Aad to Sted and let arg AC=arg (2) - 2,) «0 and AB= arg (22 -%)=9 Let ZCAB ea, « £CAB aa =0-$ arg AE - argAB z -4 " argiay - 2,)~arg(e, - 2,) ~ org {2 ] 4-k or —_ angle between AC and AB ~ arg (FEE -e| ix of B- allix of A COPY ted Mya reat Trigonometric Ratios (i) [email protected] =1 (ti) [email protected]=1 (iii) cos 8.sec 6 =} sind ») tan@ = —— Sos (iv) cos@ fy) cress sind (Wi) sin? 0+ cos?@ =1 (vii) 1+ tan? 0 = sec? (vill) sec?@ ~tan?@ = (secO — tand)(seco +tan@)=1 (ix) cosec?@ — cot*@ = (cosecO — cot@)(coseco + cot) =1ic ores Formulae Importan (1) snld+5)= gnAcosB+cosAsinB i} 2) snlA-B)= sinAcosB - -cosAsinB | 6) swnsdecndend- sinAsinB ii i \) (4) cast B)=cosAcasB + in Asin tanA+tanB _B=. ©) tan(A +B) = ]-tanAtanB (6) A) V+ cotAcotB-1 oa 7 cota = cot + cot remer B) = sin? A- sin? B I} (10) cosy 4 + B)oosl 4 - B) = 008 *4-sin CRE | ay 2sin AcosB=sin(A¢ Bl +8 ay Naz) 2cosAsinB= sin(A $B) - —sin(A —B) | 1s) 2cosAcosB = cos(A + B}+ cost ~ B) i (14) 2sin Asin B = =e De cos{ A+ B) | x cB } (15) sin C + sin D 22 sin G#D ., a*ak PF 2 See % Ad DCE 6) sin C = sit eos S eee 2 2 c+D c-D cos Rt: 2 C+D. DIC _ a5, Ft D5, C-9 1 \ Wa exs Oufeas D = 2cos , ~ cos 6 — cos D=2sin a La 2tan@ 1+ tan?@ | (2)cos 20 = 2cos?@-1 =1-2sin?@ =cos?6-sin?@ _iotan’@, 1+tan?9° LR tac (1)sin26 = 2sin@cos0 = where 8 (2n+)5.2tan@ 1-tan?@ (4) sin30=3sin8—4sin’ @ = 4sin(60° -6).sin 8.sin(60° +9) (3) 60830 =4cos* @-3c0s6 = 4c0s(60° ~9).c0s8.cos(60° +9) 3tan 6 - tan? @ 1-3tan?@ (3) tan26= (6) tan 30 = = tan( 60° - @).tan 8.tan(60° + @), where 04 nat 2/6 (7) Sin 44 = 4 sin 8.cos* 6 - 4 cos Asin? 9 (8) (1+ Sin26)=(Cos @ +Sin 6? (9) (1- Sin26) =(Cos 6-Sin @ y (10) (1 + Cos 26) = 2Cos? 6 (11)(1-Cos 26) = 2Sin’? 6 cosG+tsin6 — iitan 6 _ : tin (4 é) cos6¥sin0 1Ftan6 (12) Sine Formula & Cosine Formula InA ABC & 7 X qb "pp = F sind” sinB- anc SY) a Bree \ aoe 2g m +a) 6) cost at +4 ¢ Trigonometrical equations with their general solution Trigohometrical equation sin@ =sina |___General solution O=nz+(-l)"a O=2nzta cos@ =cosaay | BeenOn ura tome Le CYMRU Wel) Eo i Ra hs LL 29/108. | a5 710N15 J” | s Ae AAT) ; 82-1 ’ ! I WB =F 5, | \ Ke : as1Sx<1 -lsx0 i. tan ~'| —| = _ x —aA+cot™ x, forx<0 6. Formulae for sum; difference of IT. F. is wo xs yon 222), x>0,y>0 and xy <1 a + = i. tan! x4 tan y+ tan" z= tan“ ae Vale l-xy-yz-z iii, cot xt cot y = cot! YF yr W. sin x+sin“ y = sin“"{x I-y? + yVi-2x7} yy, a cos" x:te0s y= cos“fay# Vina? fy} -tsxysi and x+y>0.Enclid’s F-Card Neate Petrie ula ice functions of multiple angles Sa Fe Cuma Cee asin“! x = sin (2xv1-2"), yt gah. i If. Bie 7 3sin’ x=sin?3x-4x"), Yosxsy eos! x=cos'(2x 1), 0sxsl 3cos! x = cos (4x —3z), Ysxsl nan" x=tan"( 75) f-lt aun! s=-n+n'( 5), Ifx<-l nan" x=sin'( 255), f-1sxsl x 2tan“! x = cos Is If0sx Av’ = diag (a;%a3)...05) (viii) Ais ymmetric >A’ is also symmetric. Peer Ceca Propertie: 1. [Al exists € Ais a square matrix. 2 (AB] =1AllB| 3. 1A" = 1AI* EN 4. \AT] = 1A] 5.|kAl = k"|A], if A is a square matrix of order n 6 If A and B are square matrices of same order then JAB| = |BAI. 7. 8 A is a skew symmetric matrix of odd order then |A] = 0 8. A = diaglay,a2,3,....dq) then [Al = 142 Onrate Card 1. & +a)" =55 "C, x" a" 2 (1+x)!" = Xo" 3. "B= nl 4." = (n-r}! ager 5. Cole + O,Coor + CoC p42 + rove + Cyap Cy = — 20 (n-r)i(n sr) Coeff. of x” in expansion of (1-x)-" = "10 (he ™ ra-l) 2, Akn-N(n-2) 2 Ra + 7. (=x) =1- me + ET Dee ein Qy nies 1) ae n(n+ Win2) 3 i »3 6. (1+x)" =14+nx+—— 8, (l- x)" = 1l+nx+ ain +1) Nie _ rin ENS 2! 3! e n(n +1) (9) 0+ x)" =1-nxe+e*-e™* sy (8) See et ae oeSeee = 3S < (2n+ I)! Uren 2 =. 3 Te | Co-ordinate of Centroid are (Sx) \ i (atgraeatn 3 as Circum-centre of the triangle ABC is (GRo=) ie sin2A + xp sin2B%x, iN2C y, sin2A + ve sin2B + ys sin2C Sn2A+singB+sinkC ° —sin2A+ sin2B + sin2C Co-ordinates of Iticentre (SS) ~ (areas e ay, +by2+ Vs & pWiatbiec 7 at+bte be aes Orthocentre (GRE) of the rriangle ABC is x tan A +xp tan B+ xs tan€ pian syytanB vs ene) fnAstenB+tnC tanA+tanB+tanCArea of Polygon ae@uat Area of polygon(TEIH FT eave) = L | +e) J Apa eh pin TP Area of triangle =5|), — y, no f qj Area of triangle formed by lines y = mx+ cpy = mx +8 1{(c £, 2 e~¢)? =¢,)? y= mgxt Cy is given by = > (ysea)" a-e3)? + (ca>e)? 20my-m, — mz-mMy ss m3-m, _Ajx3— xy XE A Area of Geedriannl Ss yey. Yee Area of the parallelogram fornied by the lines ax+hyte, =0; ; ’ =O; artby te, 205 ah+ bys d, and a.xt+b.y+d,=0 is Wr, - 6) @, - ¢)), a,b, - a,b, Area of parallelogram A= Abb, where [pi and BY are the a, teas sin ” =line in different itera) sey ona Ar eo area Ft AAS [Eqn. of y axis] y=0 [Eqn ofx axis] x=0 x=a [Aline \\toy axis & at a distance of a units) y=a [Aline I tox axis] y= tx [Angle bisector between the axis] y=m [A line passing through thé'origin} y=me+c [Slope- y intercept. form] y-y) = m(x-x1) [Slope - point form] oe) y-wl= Bax =x) [Two point form], IES j i} x a , at ne 1 [Intercept form] a I f xcosa+ysina=P [Normal Form) ae 4 Jn Y [Distance symmetric or parametric form] eRe - 7 rm, cosO__sin@ S efoto of a pair of recy am Lie) Tarra FT The necessity “and sufficient condition for ad +2hxy+by f2ex Pap -cm0 fo represents a pair of straight lines is fan of? — bg? - ch? =0 fd ah g ; f/ orp b f\=9 peaso ig f ¢ where {m,; + mz = + Bisectors of the angles between the lines ax? + 2hxy + by* =0 xray? _ xy —————— = a & mm; = Ba UNO between LC Toate tape Wey Ola ice ay The angle between the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by? + 29x + 2fy+c=0 or ax? + 2hxy + by? 29 2 is given by tong =| nae = 0 stan"! Ta a+b From the above formula it is clear, that (i) The lines represented by are. parallel if + oo pe ah te of” = b Set. dy yy De ae Pa org b (f° Distance" between 2—ac j these parallel lines is 2 5 a(a+b) (ii) Perpendicular if a + b = 0 (iii) Point of intersection of lines represented by ax’ + 2hxy+by? +2ox+2fy+c=0 is (4 reo ‘ a -ab’ h? ab (iv) The equation of the Pair of'straight lines passing through origin and perpendicular to the pair of straight lines represented by a? +2hxy+- by? =0 and is given by bx* ~2hry+ay =0, (v) The produet of the perpendiculars drawn from (&, yi) on the lines "ax? +2hxy + by? = 0 is given by a} + Dheyy, +by} ; f.™ (ab)? + 4p? (vi) The,product of the perpendiculars drawn from origin on the lines ax + Uhry+ by +2gx+2fy+c=0 is £ (vii) The area of a triangle formed by the lines ax +2oy+by =0 and niVh? ~ ab am? —2hlm + bl? kx-+ my +n=0 ts given by2-nt- yet =F me en oe eZ) ~» Os8<2r_ Tires Pais foo of 2 corcie Meg Rigeti 23.024 Bip at% a Paint Serstsy2=et is +552 = 2" The equasive of tampent ot 5) ty cirede +7) -2x-By-c= Sis £2, +95, +9ix>+x,)- fip=9,)-¢=9. Parumetric fora = KomeG+y.csedac ~_ xOSG+ysnG=c_L=0 & Liptay tpl, =0. whee od of =Sxdeod dx - ad dy