=| KREATRYX Chapter- 1 Analo! 01, The maximum power efficiency of on AM modulators 11992] (2) 25% (0) 50% (075% (#) 100% 02. Coherent demodulation of FSK signal can be effected using (19921 + (@) Correlation receiver {(b) Band pass filters and envelope detectors (€) Matched filter (d) Discriminator detection 03. A sinusoidal signal of 4 kHz frequency is used as a ‘modulating signal for an FM and an-AM, transmitter. Both of the transmitters use the’ame amplitude for the un-modulated carrier,/“The peak ' ffequency deviation in the FM transmitter is set to four times the bandwidth of the AM transmitter and, the magnitudes of the spectral components at f, + 4kHZ (= carrier frequency) are same for both of the transmitters Determine the ect indices forte AM and FM transmitters. ag required uSethe valves ote Besset function ‘given + below “, 4(2)=0577, (4) 4, (16) =0.094 } determined by , 11995] 04, Which ofthe following demodulatots) canbe used (a) Antenna and pe-selector for demodulating “ithe signal ~y(b) -selector‘and RF amplifier x(t) =5(1+2cos2000xt)cos200 “11993)), poe Selector and IF amplifier : If amplifier {@) Envelope demodulator 3 ae ei (©) Square law demodulator ai ariitat be used todemodulate (1995) (0) Synchronous demodulator (6) None of the above 05. A super-heterodyne radio intermediate frequency of 455 KHz is tuned to a station operating at 1200 KHz. The associated image frequency is KHz, 11993] 06. Obtain an expression for the signal v,(t) in figure, for v,(t)=10cos(2000xt) + 4sin(200nt) . Assume that v2(t)=¥,(t)-+0.1¥3(t) and that the BPF is an ideal unity gain fiter with pass band form (8) SSB system a8 800 Hz to 1200 Hz. [1993] (C)PCM (n bit) system (3) Between Band 28 (ay'2n8 {5)78 5 receiver with an Communication 5 stem, z s ig Communication 0 Non vio Leste 07. v(' (t) = 5[c0s(106nt)—sin(103nt)xsin(1oéze)] (1994) | van) DPF vty represents (a) DSB suppressed carrier signal- (6) AM signal {(€) SSB upper sideband signal (@) Narrow band FM signal 08, ,A-10 MHz cartier is frequency modulated by 3 sinusoidal signal of S00H2, the maximum frequency deviation beidg, 50 kHz. The bandwidth required, as saven by the Car ~ is (1994) 09 (A) Single side Band (8) Amplitude modulatio [1994] (1) Envelope detector », (2) Integrate and dump J(3) vitbert transform (0) PCM signals (4) OSB-SC signals (a),PAM signals (© FM signals 1995) (a) Coherent detection (2) Envelope detection (3) Correlation detection (4) PL (5) LPF 12 “(A) AM system (8) DSB-SC system (C) PAM system (2995) (2) 28 (Band width of the ‘modulating signal) 13. (A) AM system © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. www. kreatryx.com 674| KREATRYE, 14, The image channel rejection in a receiver comes from (@)IF stages only (b) RF stages only {6) Detector and RF stages only (@) Detector RF and IF stages Super heterodyne 1996) 115. An FM signal with a modulation in to a frequency Tripler. The modulati ‘output signal will be @o @9 1dex 9is applied fon index in the 1996) © 16. The figure is shows the first stage heterodyne vesher. The desed inner sco o frequency of 700MH2. The local oscilator (LG frequency is 1 GHz. The mixer is an idea! rule with 2-gain independent of frequéngyiy Band-pass fier (2 fused to slect the ptemelat Frequency (b)3 (a2 (hati imsge Verena tr (B)ALow Fas Fier (LP) cae used before themver to reject the image frequency if a eee 750 Miz signal which has the same ampiitide a8 that) of the desired signal at 700MHz. Let the BP, be of should be 20 dB below the desired signal, Calculate the” Qrequired for the BPF. 17. A block diagram of a system is shown in the figure. Draw the spectrum of the output signal with relative aptitudes of the frequencies. [1997] tere itt Lol EBL Sut (etka dea ea 28. The image channel selectivity of super heterodyne receiver depends upon as (2) f amplifiers only (6) RF and IF amplifiers only © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. @ Pre-selector,RF and IF amplifiers (0) Pre-selector and RF ampiers coy 19. A D5E-5C signal js cee eae siaral is generated using the cartier ‘5(mt+0) and modulating signal xt, The ‘envelope of the DSB-SC sic is ay ota oo & (o) (© Only postive portion of xt) (© x(t) coso 20. ‘An SSB. signal is demodulated by using a SyMchronous demodulator. However, the locally atranged carer has a phase error. Determine the effet ofthe error on demodulation, Wht vill be the eflestof this error i the input is DS8-SC in place of Sa 11993) channel is a band pass signal. t is early! modulating a sinusoidal carrier 22/8 modulated signals given by, second order. At the 8PF output, the undesired signa P(t) =m, (t}cos(2ntt) +m, (t)sin( 22) swhete the baseband signal m(1) and m,(t) have bandwidths of 10 kHz and 15 kHz, respectively, The bandwidth of the modulated signal, in kHz, is [1999] (10 (15 (025 (@)30 23. A modulated signal is given by s(t)=e** cos{(o, +40)t]u(t), where 2, 0, and ‘Aw are positive constants, and @, © Aw. “The complex envelope of s(t is given by (2999) (@) exp(-at)exp[j(w, + Au) t]u(t) (&) exp(-at)exp(jawt)u(t) www.kreatryx.com 675(©) exp[jaot].u(t) (a exp[(jo, +A0)t] 24. A baseband signal m() modulates a carrier to produce the angle. modulated — signal, ‘A, cos[.2nx10%t +k,m(t)], where m(t) is shown in Figure. Determine the value of K, 50 that the peak-to- peak frequency deviation of the carrier is 100 re = Kem(t) is greater i be the detector dutput?. (@) Aam(t) ofa a+km(t)] the Figure is (enultipty) Ideal low pass m(t)cosw,t filter cut oH pass band gain = 2 cos(w,t+6) P,COSO P, a oy Fn @® () P,,cos* 0 i) Fmcos' @=F 27. In an FM system, a cartier of 100 MHz is modulated by a sinusoidal signal of 5 KHz. The bandwidth by Carson's approximation is. IMHz, If y(t) = (modulated waveform), than by using 4 % ey 100 6 Communication System, Carson's approximation, the bandwidth of y(t) around $00 MHz and the spacing of spectral components are, respectively. (2000) (ao MH, 5 KHz (b) 1 MHz, 15 KHz. (c) 3 MHz, 15 KHz (d) 1 Miz, 5 KHz 28, The periodic modulating signal mit) is shown in Fig.J7, Using Carson's rule estimate Byy, (bandwidth of the FM x signal) for Kf=xx10*- andkp =. Assume the fal bandwidth of m(t) to consist only up to and essentiz harmonic. (2001) including the me) 29. baseband signal a(t) rodulates 4 carrier of frequency fo Fiz, The modulated ansmitted, over a channel ‘are related by y = 2x+x? spect g(t) [8 shown in Figure 18, Sketch the spectrum of the transmitted’signal and the spectrum of the received signals“ (2001) oo fH) 30. A 1 MHz sinusoidal carrier is amplitude modulated by a symmetrical square wave of period 100psec. Which of the following frequencies will NOT be present in thé modulated signal? [2002] (2) 990 KHz (b) 1010 KHz (©) 1020 KHz (d) 1030 KHz 31. Consider a sampled signal y(®) =5x10%() 502 3(t-0t) where x(t) = 10 cos(8nx10*)t and T, = 100nsec © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. wow.kreatryx.com 676Me s KREATRYX wen y(t) is passed through an ideal low-pass fiter With a cutoff frequency of § KHz, the output of the fiter is (2002) (a) 5x10°Scos(8nx10*)t (oy 5x10 cos(8nx10")t (9 5x10" cos(8nxi0*)t (6) 10c05(8nx 10*)t 32. An angle modulated signal is given by ©. s(0)=cor2x(2x10°t+30sintSot+ 40c0s1502), ‘The maximum frequency and phase deviations of s () 12002} are {@) 1055 KHz, 140nrad (0) 6 KHz, 80nred (0) 105 KHz, 100nred (75 KH, Loonrad 33.In Figue m(t) = sinidont Seah, sinl8Ont The output yt eee, a(t}=—3 3) Communication Systems x st) 10°w/He f -3kHe 43KH “@) Express the signal autocorrelation function Res (1) in terms of the message autocorrelation function Rea(T) «Clean state the necessary assumptions. (be) Deter, the signal power spectral density Ses (f) 0 the modulated signal and the oo bandwidth. scp detector is 058-¢ signal 5 eee crputs 2003) “10 be Generated with a carrier "a nonlinear device with the Factétistic 07 Whereo,and ay/are constants, the output of the sin2at @ 2 ) Ys t Do alinear device can be filtered by an appropriate oy S2Ht St cosaat Lf" ie, Let Y= Ac cos(2att) +m(t) where ass A) ithe message signal. Then the value of {Cn ig SO2A , SOSA og sat ) a 3 3 MHz) is: [2003] sin2nt | sinnt (10 (b) 0.333 (@ SE2 , SOF coso.75at (aos aia 3, sonics sora Tece a7 sc28 ten on, Se cer ee inal Moblems and choose the correct answers. is comupted by 5(8) =10 cos (2nx10%+4)m(t") power spectral an additive white Gaussian noise of density 10 W/Hz. The message power spectral density Spm(f)_ is as shown in Figure 17 and ¢ is: uniformly astributed over the ange 01021 ees 2 (20021 = © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. Let m(t)=cos{(41%10?)t] be the messane signal ane ¢(t) =5cos{(20%10°}t] be the case wsed to generate an AM signal, 37. elt) and mit) are Us yenerated AM signal is ‘The modulation index of the 9 677 www. kreatryx.comWREATRYX. Total sideband power i. 08. Then the quantity ee power (2003) 1 i > ws 1 1 oF Os 38. c(t) and m(t) are used to generate an AM signi the peak frequency deviation of the generaf@ M signal is three times the transmission bandwidth. ofthe AM signal, then the coefficient of the term cos{2n(100810%t)] in the FM signal (in terms of 12003) the Bessel coefficients) is (@ 5), (3) © 3, (4) 39. Choose the correct one. fror alternatives A, B,C, D after matching a ‘with the most appropriate item in Gro Re Group 4 Ring modulator vco Foster-seely discriminator Mixer 4 “Summing the to inputs 3 Gator Evi. “ror (2) P-1Q-3R-25-4 (b) P-6Q-5R-25-3 ()P-6Q-1R-35-2 (6) P-SQ-6R-15~3 40. A super-heterodyne receiver is to operate in the, frequency range $50 kHz — 1650 kHz, with the intermediate frequency of 450 kHz, Let R= denote the required capacitance ratio of the local oscillator and I denote the image frequency (in KHz) of the incoming signal. If the receiver is tuned to 700 kHz, Communication Systems frequency are 1 KHz and 2 KHz respectively. aq appropriate value for the time constant of the envelope detector is (2004) (a) 500psec (c) 0.2psec (©) 20psec (2) psec 142, An AM signal and 2 narrow-band FM signal with identical carvers, modulating signals and modulation indices of 0.1 are added together. The resultant signal can be closely approximated by [20044 {a) broadband FM (b) SSB with carrier (9) DSB-SC (4) SSB without carrier 443. A-100 Miz carier of 1V amplitude and a 1 Mie modulating signal of 1V amplitude are fed to a balanced modulator. The output of the modulator is passed through an ideal high-pass fier with cut-off frequeney.of,100MHz, The output of the fier is added 100 Mifsignals of 1 V amplitude and 90° phase fown in Figure, the envelope of the resultant [2004] “>| HPF 100MHE a + 100MHz,1V.90" sin(2x 10°) jo /sinusoidal signals of same amplitude and {frequencies 10 kHz*and 10.1 kHz are added together. The*Combined signal is given to an ideal frequency detector. The output of the detector is [2004] (2) 0.1 khz sinusoid (0) 20.1 kHz sinusoid , (©. linear function of time “(@) a constant 45. Consider a system shown in Figure. Let X () and Y ( denote the Fourier transforms of x (t) and y (0) respectively. The ideal HPF has the cut-off frequency 10 kHz, 0 then [2003] The positive frequencies where ¥ (f) has spectral peaks (@) R= 441, 1 = 1600 are [2004] (b) R= 210,1= 1150 (R= 30,1 = 1600 x0, Batancea HPF Balanced (@)R = 90,1 = 1150 “| Modulator [—] rome [—*] modulator 41. An AM signal is detected using an envelope detector, The cartier frequency and modulating signal oe oe © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved, a www.kreatryx.com 678al KREATRYX, xo of © t 4 fui) (@) 1 iz and 24 kitz (@) Liz and 14 kHz (0)2 kttz and 24 kez (@) 2kHz and 14 kHz 46, Find the comect match between group 1 and group 2. 12085) Group 1 Group 2 b= {L+km(t}}Asin(o.t) W—Phase modation Q-km(y) Asin(o,t) X~ Frequency rector ae Asinfo,tek Carpio a) y cetinion | s- G 7-s8sc | \ ul Aaa j oer} Peel Zz z 1 (a) P-Z Q. 3 A fe) P-w QR Communication Systems SS ‘assuming that phase deviation remains unchanged, the bandwidth of the PM signal is (2005) (@) 21 kHz (ey 22 kHz (42 kez (oak SL A signal mm) with bandwidth 500 He is fist mukipied bya signal gt where a(t)= 3 (ay a(t-05%10"K) ()= 2) a ) The resulting signa i then passed through an ideal lowpass iter ith bandwidth 1 KHz. The output ofthe low-pass iter would be: 120061 @3(") ome 0 (o m(*)5(*) '52. The diagonal clipping in Amplitude Demodulation {using envelope detecton can be avoided if RC time constant of envelope detector satisfies the folowing condiv@n, (here W is message bendwidth dd cre feghency both in ad/see) [2006] 153, A messoge signal with bandit 0 ke is Lower- Side Gand S58 modulated wilh carier frequency d, » 47. The power inthe signal) {Ly 10% He. The, resuingsignl is then passed s(9}~Beoe{ 200-5) +435) se t200s) though 9 Nari Band Frequency Modulator with 3 2 Y sep cartier frequency fy 10? Hz w-0 wa Tebandvdinolihecuput would be: (2006) QOD) eastote De” 2na0 He 48. Which of the following Analog modulation scheme (9/2108 He (@ 2x10 He fequies. the misimum transmitted power ) and ‘minimum channel bandwidth? 12005], Common Data for Questions 54, 5S: (vse (by 0s0-Sc Let o(t)=P(*) P(t). where * denotes convolution (a ssB (a) AM 49, A device with input x (0 and output y (0 is ctaractezed by y(*)=*(t)- An FM signal with frequency deviation of 90 kHz and modulating signal bandwidth of 5 kHz is applied to this device. The ‘bandwidth of the output signal is (2005) (2) 370 kHz (b) 190 kHz (o 380 kHz (6) 95 kHz 50. A cartier is phase modulated (PM) with frequency deviation of 10 kHz by a single tone frequency of 1 tz If the single tone frequency is increased to 2 kHz, and p(t)=u(t)—u(t-2) wth uf) being the unit step function S54. the impulse response of fiter matched to the signal s(t) = a(t) -8(t-2)+ (tis given as (20061 @s(-t) (o-0 (e -s(1-1) (st) 55. An Amplitude Modulated signal is given as xuy(t) =100(p(t) +0.59(t))cosot © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 679 www.kreatryx.comCommunication Systeme a RREATRYX In the interval 05 ts1. One set of possible values of (a) Y(f) the modulating signal and modulation index would be {2006} (a), 0s {b) t, 1.0 (20 (@ v.05 of Statement for Linked Answer Questions 56 857: Consider the following Amplitude Modulated (AM) . signal, where f, A. The cut-off frequencies of both the filters are {. © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 681 www.kreatryx.comKREATRYX mt) 1 AB BA mo High Pass >) iter wo wn The bandwidth of the signal at(@HETSURHU of the ‘modulator (in He) is__ {2014-02} 71. A modulated signal(is y(t) =1{t)cos(40000xt), where the baseband signal! mit)’ has fequency components less than ‘5. kH2 nly. The minimum required rate (in kH2),at which y()'should be sampled torecover mid iss "(2014-031 72. The phase ‘edponse of» piss-band wavetory at the receivers givenBy, off) =-2nalf -f, 286 Where f, is the centre eluenoy and taand' are positive constants, The actual Sigial propagation delay from the transmitter to receiver is anB of rr on (ox (OB 73. Consider an FM signal f(t) = cos[2nf,t +B, sin2nf,t-+, sin2xf,t] The the frequency from the carrer frequency f, is [2014-03] ©) Bh + BLE, (©) Bib +Bah (2 B, +B, @ +t maximum deviation of 74. In a double side-band (DSB) full carrier AM transmission system, if the modulation index is doubled, then the ratio of total sideband power to the carrier power increases by a factor of (2014-04) pass instantaneous Communication Systems STAT 75. Consider the signal im(t}cos(2nht)+Hh()sin(2nf4) here) denotes the Hilbert transform of mit) and the bandwidth of mit) is very small compared to f,. The (2015-01) signals (tis 2 {@) High-pass signal (b) Low-pass signal (@) Band-pass signal (@) Double sideband suppressed carter signal 76. In the system shown in Figure (a), mit) is a low- signal with bandwidth W Hz. The frequency fesponse of the band-pass filter H( f ) is shown in Figure (b). If it is desired that the output signal 2{Q)=10x(t), the maximum valuéof W (in Hz) should be strictly less than 2015-01) xt art cox2400n0 OKO Dy Beer HO) puny Band-pass Fs, filter F700 ts) (2nf,t)is used to dat ine phase of carer A,cos( aft to ge ey ‘e pr ‘the riodulated signal y(t) Acos(2nf.t + m(t) ) The bandwidth of y(t) (@),Depends on Am but not on fn, (2015-03) () Depends on fy but not on Am (6) Depends on both An and fy (6) Does not depend on Am oF fm 78. The complex envelope of the band-pass signal x(v j= n6( 2) Dal e-$), centered t/5 (2015-03) © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 682 wwwekreatryx.comall Communication Systems — = = z rn ei cof 200 /D oF gy (3000125) x78 x75 t/5) sin(nt/5)) © ae re a @ a ala et 79. A super-heterodyne recciver operate: in the frequency range of 58 MHz - 68 MHz, The intermediate frequency fy and local osgitator frequency {gate chosen Such that fy KW) that can be used without overloading the * transmitteris__— {2017-02} © kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 683 www kreatryx.com aorRREATRYX, Solution 2. Ans: (by Solution: m() Power efficiency: =r V+ (t) mR) > Mean square valve of m(t) For sinusoidal signal: a(t) = “S Kea = $x100% =50% Maximum powers efficiency of an AM m 02. Ans: (a) Solution: Coherent detection of Binary FSK signal xo ilator se 50% if the message signal m(t) is square wave. “\ Note: Coherent demodulation of FSK is affected by using correlation receiver Non coherent detection of BFSK signal Taka |_emeion | \_ Filter detector Watched |_,[ Envel Fier detec Eph heh Non coherent demodulation of FSK is effected by matched filter and Envelop detector. (0) m, =2x.235 =0.47 04. Ans: (c) Solu x()= modulated Aco (B)tos2nf.t GA (B)cos[2n(f + 4k)] J +Ac1(B)cos[2n(f,-4k)] +. [1+ 2c05(2000nt) Jcos2000xt ‘Signa x(t) is an amplitude modulated signal Above signal is neither under modulated nor critical eal © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. www.kreatryx.comCommunication Systems y 3 4 aeATRYA . PF: standard equation of AM signal is given by. Ho =A [14m,cose,t]eosoct Where rm, = modulation index When modulation index of given wave is more thn — iz T200ns ‘one than itis the case of over modulatc ee ee When modulation index of given wave is more than Output of BPF one than the detection is possible only with 10cos2000xt + 40sin2200nt — 40sin1800nt synchronous modulator only Such signal are not detected with Envelop detector. 07, Ans: (d) Solution: os azo © reer nace u(t) =5{cos(10'xx)-sin(0*xt)sin(10%xt)} ISS KHZ = 1200 KHZ +21, =120042%455 =1200 Nonlinear | >| system vi) v(t) =50) ++ 40sin(2200nt) ~ 40sin(1800nt) v,(t)=10c0s2000at + w = 20005 ‘9 [escent 8cos( com) i) =| +4sin(200nt) > @=200n f= 100 Hz +503 f=0 Hz +50c0s(4000n) —>.@ = 4000x, f= 2000 Hz ~8c0s(400nt) —+@= 400% f= 200 Hz +40sin2200nt->@ = 2200 f =1100 Hz ~40sin1800nt > @=1800n f= 900 Hz V(t) =Scos(10%nx) -2f 2sin(20*at)sin(20%xt)] : 5(A~B)—cos(A+8) [cos(to8st-20°2t) 4 ~cos(20%nt +10°xt) 5 8. 3, pcos(20%at + 10°xt) in phase’ oppdtition to upper NFM signal = (A) Single side band ~ (3) Hilbert transform (8) Amplitude modulation ~ (1) Envelop detector (© Binary phase shift keying ~ (2) Integrate and damp 10. Ans: (b) Solution: Image signal is a signal whose frequency is above the local oscillator frequency by the same another, as the © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. Pe 685 www. kreatryx.comCommunication syste, ms — ee) | KReaTRY; desired signal frequency below the local oscillator f, = 300 MHz frequency. oti aa (0) fouge =f, + 2f, = 700+ 600 = 1300 Miz ‘The superior IF signal produced by image signal is also _(b) Frequency response of ideal LPF ‘amplified by the IF amplifies and produces ~ interface Ho in the receiver output. There of the image signal should be reflected the RF amplifier adds one more 4 turned circuit per stage and thereby increases the _ image frequency attenuated, a0 Joao? tH) 1a Solutior PLL can be used to de-modulate FM signals. ° © 4, (0 Gain frequency characteristics of bit Gain 9) AM signal system __ (2) envelop Oetecton (8) OSB-SC system”) Coeeae Betton AC) PAM system, (5) LE 13. Ans: = € Solution: & (A) AM system ae (8) $58 system + (C) PCM (n bit) syst 14. Ans: (b) % Solution: te Super-heterodyne récéiver Tefraction at RF stage oni othen amplified by If amplifier aay 2a) 15. Ans: (d) Solution: S(t) > [29] Sua(t) e Frequency Multiplier Spa(t) =Accos[o,t+Bsinw,t] Spar(t)=Accos[a,t-+npsino,t] nB =3x9=27 B is given as 9 1 -2 KHz 2KHz 116. Ans: --- Solution 0-24 (-am(rot)] Input. BPF }->1F Input Lo {= 700 MHz f, =1 GHz =1000 MHz > z eC : : : —= © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 686 www.kreatryx.com= KREATAY Communication Systems | A A *()= ‘a (20, oo 0) ALS 95-75-35 asoslos as LPF Alter LPF 18. Ans: (a) Solution 19. Ans: (b) Synchronous Detector x(t) =Syq(1)c08(uet +0) Syl) =m(t)eoso.th(t}sinagt im(t)coso,teos(act+0) uh Ol (= eons sn(-0 — + 4 Attenuated Interference Message ANteivated message signal Ji case of DSB-SC only attenuated message signal is J seniors nto = 7B <05(100t-10"}cos(to*t-1 56) Sssult) wr -—y) x coswet+0) ¥(t)=B5o[200(t-20")]cos(t0't 1.5610) Group delay: t, = 10sec Phase delay: ty =1.56x10" sec © Kreatryx, All Rights Reserved. 687 www.kreatryx.com b—yit| Communication Systems Te 22. Ans: (d) 25. Ans: (¢) Solution Solution: B=2f, When S,,(t)=Ac[2-+K,m(t) Jcoso,t = 15kH; - ete [kym(t).,, = Modulation index =m m,>1 23. Ans: (b} Since the modulation indexis greater than unity, Solution: ‘The output of the envelop detector is mod of envelop, S(t) =e*cos[(o, +0) t]u(t) Envelop = Ac (1+K,m(t)) Complex env geyiveetetohe a © |Ac(t#Ksm(t)] = Mod of envelope, ac(!)=9,(0)e™" Se(t)=5, (them + + Complex Pre Envelop envelop 5 pears Given signal is phase modula 246) f raft [2mt0" 4K, m'(0] af= 2k, mo fay = eK 1 (0 1m’ (t) is large for negative S lope xo m (ge [522251 1x107 mm (Q=175x10 er 20 Hm Bug fa Af= sik, x17.5x10? pt After passing through LPF, 2a, frequency is blocked so output of filter becomes y()= mideose — ean ——— a . RR www.kreatryx.com AW Atnhte Dacanvad 100x10" = 2xk, x17.5%10? a kK, = 35.90‘Communication Systems ce ee ‘Taking mean square values of both sides cos?8 (x28 (¥(1) a a - —— 690 www kreatryx.com © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. oe |all Communication SS en anireys "0° Sx1o* eT (F-m)] =100 psec aan kHz ¥(f)=5x10%, > x(t) V)=5x197Sx(-mg)- x(t)= 1oces[tr-20'] © x()- Dhara 10!) +3(F+4.20°)] xn, Comparing with: A (t)=o4(t)+a9 49 =[30sini50t+ 40cosiso¢]2n baL.=[ 20) (10) Jon =s0x2% {oa 2008 Differentiation of equation (1) 0) dt a= 2x[2x10"t+ 30sin250%+ 40c0s150t] Comparing with o\(t) = =o, oc(t) +40 40 = 2n{ 30(150)cos150t - 40(150)sin150t] yO Pe — f “ak am y, (f) =25x10"[8(F 4k) +8(F+4k)] v4 (0) =x10* cox{ana0"t] 32. Ans: (@) 2x10%t +30sin150t s¢)= [esa +40cos150t 04(t) = an[2xa0tt+ 30sinsot+ 40cos1501]~ (2) t0s200at Lee sin198xt] ~ Sin202nt _sind98nt | sind99nt eT t t ) sin202ntcos200nt _sin198xtcos200at x0] t t t FLsin(4oznt) +sinaat] —F [sin 298%) +sin(-2n)] +3 [sin399ntsin(-at)] © Kreatryx. Alt Rights Reserved. 691 wow. kreatryx.comFrequency component of signal x(t) re 201, 1,199, 0.5, 199.5 Hz Sine cut-off frequency is 1 Hz for LF so sin2zt | sin2nt_ sinnt y(t) = St2at , sin2nt _ sinnt Alaa oece aaa y(t) =i +2sin Cocoa 2 * y(t) = SR2HE Sin0.Sntcos1 Sat $~(0, 2n] RG) =E{stt) s(t} : foes (2xx 10% + 9) ()= x10 cos (2x 10%(t+«) + dae +0 aale)ntove| 220+) et x cos (2n x 10%(te 1) +4) pie In question it states to assume necessary assumption. We assume 4 (t) & m(t) as independent. If § (®) & mit) are independent then lsaisenareteee PERRO ORTOP TOT And €{Cos (2nx10%t + 4) cos(2n 10% (+2) +4} 1 [eos (2mx10"s) Bn (*) = [ (: cos(2nx10"(2t-+1) + wll Ryn (1) = 605(2n%210%x) +0 R, (1) =50.cos(2nx10"r) xR, s,(f)oFt[R.(1)] @, Communication System, [s(t—2=.20"1)+5(6+2x-a0%)}us, ( = 2s. (fFanxto8t)+s, (+ 2nx10*t)] s.t0 sas? fae) Noise power Ess t= 2[104 x6x 10*}=1.2w «108 35. Ans: (a) ao)esooefes2e20+4) ae cos(2nx 108 (t+1)+4) x(t)=[5(t) +n(t)}coso,t=x,t +x, (t) E{m(t) mit+9} xo sibentty TPF }-— vo) We know, Rmlt) =E{mit) mit+ x} : cost a 692 www. kreatryx.com © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved.Communication Systems SRT STN SEATS EE Sagas KREATRYX. nly noise component x(0)=n(t}cose,t Paar ee =n (t)cosa,t-ng (1s lator at) ee Total sideband power | mat 7 ‘carrier power 2 8 q(t) = Quadrate phase compomnent nide[suern(ljmne ta x,(t)= oe t=ng(t)sino,tcosw,t m(t)=cos(4nx10"t),f, =2 kez f= 2 kHz A,(t)cos2o,t _ng(t)sin2o f Mh @-20. a ~falt)intocs ¢(*)=Scos(2n10") idee Aca x, (t) has frequency a 0, 2ugt LPF allows frequency component only {afl = 3[26] v(i)= a) A inpttle open, 36. Ans: (€) Solutie t)+Accoso a ome +3m(t)Abcos: au(t ie Y= sal costa 4a, () m(t)+a,Ae coset +3, oe v,=|+3,A2c0s*o,t +2,3n" ()A-cose,t am(JAZ |, 3m(Jazeor'o,t| ay sulator i uséd for generation of DSB-SC y€O > Geriration of FM Fosté? seeley discriminator —> Demodulation of FM {Miner 53 Frequency conversion Zone 2 V, =0S8-SC 3 Solution: Y= Zam(t) A? cos2o,t Frequency range: 2 =1 MHz 550 kHz ~ 1650 kHz {,=0.5 MHz IF-= 450 kHz (af slF Bane) fag =1650 k +450 =2100 k m(t)= cos[4nxi0"] fin = 550 k +450 =1000 k i ¢(t)=Scos[2nx10°t] _m,=05 fw c(t) =Scos[2nxt10%t] m, aE © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 693 www.kreatryx.com eeCommunicati ag WREATRYX, Ac=1V A, =1V f, =100 MHz {21 MHz x(t) = Aa cos(2n(t +f)t+c0s(2n(-1,))] ft +f, 2101 MHz fe =f, +2if ff = 700 +900 = 1600 kHz 41. Ans: (b) Solution: Giver f.=1 MHz f= 2 kHz {+ f,)t]+sin2nict - i oD ERR KE ftcosdkfyt > Tnsec «RC « 0.5/fisec Ipsec, reas Appropriate vallétiom Set “ 42. Ans: (b) Solution: ey A, cosmet+ . Envelope = Syn(t) = * es. “aaa - 7 ” Fe Accosagt+ ME pcos( > fans! : Swna(?)=| 2 Ry Solutio Ae pcos(o,-0,)t 4 sit 2 2 tnpat PF wo B=m,=01 Salt) wed Sau (t) +Ssami(t) =2Accoswt+AgM,c05(0_ +0) Ideal frequency detector 5, (t) Has phase — 6(t) 43. Ans: (0) Solution: 1 p(t Taian O10 v(j=ze a) amitz Tv" |Medulator | >LHPF x0 ky Input = A, cos2nf.t+ Ac cos(2n(fe +f,)t) =5: () 100MHz MHz 1V 90° fea ) kHz MHz 1 x(t)=Accos2nfzt A,cos2nfct © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 694 www. kreatryx-com eeea. 4) =[COs2nte Ac cos2nitcos2nt s(0- =Acsin2nf.tsin2dnf,t cos2aft+[1.+ cos2at,t] ~sin2nf,t{sin2nf.t] 3,(\ af _~sin2att o-oo aera] 4(0)= tar eee + cost, 2cos? 2nf,t 4(0)=torr'[tanat,t]=—,t (0 v(! aie 37 Communication Systems Ww eT Positive frequency has spectral peaks= 2 kHz & 24 kHz [1-+km(t)]Asina.t—> Amplitude modulation l(t) Asinogt ->058-SC modulation Asin[agt-+km(t)]-» Phase modulation Pim, HinZHPF VsB yit=x2 (0 Input Output ‘Af =90 kitz Af, =280 kHz {,=5 kite {25 kHz ‘8W of output = 2[180k + 5k] = 370 kHz ‘© Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 695 www.kreatryx.combom = Acos[ W.t+k,A,, cost] : = Wt +K A, cosw,.t eK Ay sin gt osxt0-4 15K104 ae Kn T=10* ka. = LOkHz Fourier series coefficient of g(t) oa sa AF =10 kHz © o=5[-ene] f= 2kHz KA, =10 Bw=2(10 +1) =22kHz 51 Ans: (b) Solution: fence ir or a(t)=9,(t) +9,(t) oo = Es = 2m 0! = 20m krad /sec ears) 930 52. Ans: (a) a Solution derc Under modulation ca Acconf2a(t f,) 2 S 65. Ans: (6) Solution: cl 20°10" 2 0003 oe en +4c05(2000: pone oO so 67. Ans: (b) Solution: XK | f= Soke PS Rite tee soit Ne 72. Ans: (¢) Solution: Off] = -2noat + 2neef, 6,(t) =2nft+B, sin2n 8, (1 at f= +f, cos2nft+ fp, cos2nht Af =f,8, cos2nf,t+£,B, cos2nf,t [asl = 40, + Be 74. Ans: 4 Solution: A, [1+nm(t) Jeosw.t “fava ao azo ta y(t)=10s(0)+2(8) 4 (t)=0m(t)cos2400nt+ nt (t)cos* 24008 y(0)=10m(¢)os2200%¢ +p + cosasooe) Aa (= wQ.e (°)[ameao? At t=0.5ms ()=25)° x(t) = Sh 4 Kodo te ced Pm, Reged =25[« ) I ae : { ~ : : a ax x(t) = 25x 2x10? 2ndt From eq. (i) fi= 20k+50k = 70 kHz Nie Given P. =Skwatt and y,,, = 0.5= 2 Ww tel p, we fpett |esfn dad Pay = 5% 10° 3 = 5.625k watt 2 P. ( =5.625k fee Pal :+ 35) 5.0254 Pq (1-08) = 5.625 Prpgy =5.2k Watt EE © Kreatryx. All Rights Reserved. 702 ° www. kreatryx.com