© § 3.1-7. EVALUATION OF TRIPLE INTEGRAL In order to evaluate the triple integral we may first keep x and y constant and integrate with respect to 2 between limits in general depending upon * and y. This would reduce /(x, y,z) to @ function of x and y alone. Thus, let 065 9)= [2) fe 9.2) de ‘Then in (x, ) we may keep x constant and integrate with respect to y between limits in general depending upon x. This would lead to a function of x alone. Let it be y(x), where _ p72) _ pra) [pate 9) ve) = f220 oa ab drm [780 | fs 9,2, a Finally, y(x)is integrated with respect to x, giving, the repeated integral, assuming the limits for xto be from x= ato x= b Then the given triple integral is (e[)28 {ee} fea a} dy In fact, the integration can also be performed in any other order (five more, corresponding to the remaining permutations of the letter (x, y,2). All these integrations will give rise to an equivalent result. Remark. Although a geometric interpretation in lacking, it is possible to prove analytically that theorem 1 of § 8.1-4 can be generalized to multiple integrals of third and higher orders, i.e.,a multiple integral of any order can be expressed as a repeated integral of the same order between appropriate pairs of limits.Example 13, Evaluate: OF RP Rerreadeda. af", f°, [og 2 ta? +2) de dy de {CSVTU, Bhilai B-E. (Second Sem.), Nov-Dec. 2007, DecJan. 2008-09, April-May 2015) (i) 1=]? Soe ea aye de dy dz or T= [xf vf z de dy de. Solution. () Let the given triple integral be denoted by J. Then EPRL (e+ y+2dedy de=[> fp (I et 942) dz] de dy fx, y-constant] 1} =P Plies yeeZ| adedy= J? fp x+y +4)ayl dx [vconstant] oto 2) 0 70 2 2 af 21 -f a 5g 9= ale A oy) ek (2x48) dx [¥ + Sx] = 949-18 [z, »-constant](i) Here r= f°, f°, [°, “(i La[, Hasta ae 7 a] dzdy [0 [Ee ate? : © pb [fa io , 24)_(-2 - teste) ae “I Bireal a (x2 4 y2 +2") de dy de [z-constant] Giiy Hore I= f? Ine (= sayz dx dy de 217 “Bali sealed fa fee] ee 5 a xy? a [xty8}* 3 (x? “ith Staaf a 2F olen EP] og E-gu Example 14, Evaluate: © Tafp fi foo 2a de de oF T=fp fia [J* ede de dy. a pofieta® > eficaat aya? ty rape pe rr PP ae ay deSolution.) 7= ff, ["* 2 aye deaf fy (vss wai) ae tpvz-constant =f Je le], fo Jp ffs x-2) dy don ft [f. e-2ya]o [p-constant] , 6 1 ys ty? > |dy=|Zy-2 42 =} [i> al, a poli |p ofimsFaPa Pa Jo dz| de dy ° =f? poieset ie elt = x" /a? 5718 dx dy. Substituting by1- x? / a? = X, we then have x reefs [fo Vx? 10 - 971? ay]ds=£ 2 A yxy? +fxteict 2] ae rob? pa (,_ 2?) 4. mbe], x |* 4 0 ol sa sy _dedyd Example 15. Show that {2 [°"* {1-7 ded de_— 3 === log 2 (etytzei? 4 =x pl-x- dx dy dz Solution. Here = 7 [* 7, a GRY a (@etytzel) SNe ie” ah ergy (x, »-constant] ea la (e+ y+2) _plpee 1 Millan ~ ofo @+ytz4D\, Lpiez(_d, 1 B =< ded; =fo Ja ( Pot) ee =f, {fo* (3+ : | a dx [xconstant] 0 |fo 2 xtytl roa les = a yeloptes sa dx i [[-a-s9+tor 3} ~(0+ tpt md=f [yrne2 +b - mete] a 1 0 3 2 -|[-femes)er er weer nes] 2 4 ={(-f+ tea) t-2i62+ fen Example 16, (a) Bualuate: [' [> [5 *° 92 42 dy d=. Solution. Here the given integral is 22 pt 292 frye re [2 [2 fie sede dy dee f? fp 3e{fg 2" fae ey : 2 2 x 21 2 it fen[S] eee della 272 2 21, [o8]* gen? 2eae[e 13 2 ° 1 3 3 Example 65 Bualuate: [1 [2 J} et 7** dx dy de. ® Solution. Since here the limits of integration are constant, so the given integral efit piextote a(fier 1 os 1 42 T=f5 So So ¢ ’ dr dy de=(f} 6 ax) x{f ay) (J dz Leelee ll Example 16. (9 Evaluate: [¥ [> [> (y2 + 2x + 29) de dy dz. Solution, Here I= [5 [¢ fg = + 2820) ds dy de ff 5 {ff 2+ 2+ 9) deh de dy (e-1)°. [x, y-constant] ofa? 2, (Gere Gioe dy} de [xconstant] x?]° “2 02 Je 16.() Evaluate: {> [* J**7 o* (y+ 20) dx dy de. ramp Y sation Keeping x and y constant, we have ety * fa Jo & yt 2a drdy dex J {fe Nive & (y+ 25) as} dedy 65 JG [ei 2+ 220] 2°? decays f2 JF et G2 ay By) Oe Now keeping 2constant, we have pe of (22 + Bty + 29%) de dy= [> {e4 ye 3\|)* = |e Vamagu ta 19 (23, il [area zie sere dx 28 fe oat ooo] (22+ 807+ 29%) a5} oe Io (© Boaluate: [* J mad fg log z dy dx dz, [CSVTU, Bhilai BJ E. (Second Sem.), A} pril-May 2008; Raipur, Solution. Let the given triple integral be denoted by J. Then rf pele tps ay dee” [zt82- | dy de ifn? wove salience] [To ETS ® =f = ff og y- Dy +1 y+1+ log y} dy “ft Example 16. B.E, 2003] fA + Dog y~ 2y +2} d= i (y+ Dlogy dy +27 - yay fetgfiestoleteo é 2 e(y er se-fi(Zetare é’ 2, 2 i? . Example 16. (f) Evaluate : Ie Ie Go x2 sin y dz dy dx. Solution. Here the given integral is Te anh x2 fore x sin y dz dy dx “107 3" EE | 8g {fh = sn ade sme wp (Lg in alae: dz dy=|, gainysin’ 2) de dy 0[From Wall's formula] Lpae HES sing ty [2 int eae Hf coe ] 2857 =hxix2.2 3 309 Example 16. (@) Evaluate: {> [."~ a ine aya dx dy dz. TJo Jo Solution. Here the given integral is foe [fae oe Solution, Here the given integral is rafk JOO [OP eter den fo fo” 1 pl-? xy? “hbo” *E |, “he* tena ae 1-2? 1] 2 K lr yee coffe? dre fp [#?-0-¥ (Gecond Sem.), Nov-Dec. 2010] {x, y-constant] [x-constant] - xy? Example 16. (1) Evaluate: [2 [> * fj °” sax dy de. xe y? i | ia a dx dy [x, y-constant] x(c+y?) dx dy [x-constant] eye Fae JePa [2 eth Ze ae? 4 art — 96 1 “hE 3 ee arf (e#-+ axles! Solution. Here the given integral is 1 i= te { J as} ade [x,y-constant] y-constant] J fr *[F ihe dy dv= [" i al») dy dr \ Example 17. (8) Evaluate: J ; JZ [92 aay as. Solution. Here the given integral is I=fp i [ine drdyde= Jp [Sr [f2 fj e% dz dy de. ution. Here the given integral is ref fer {fia acer [z, constant] 5 “pe fe [ieweh {ie oe eae 3 tft ow]? gee ft (Let 2 2 “fe |.ach Ge mg Jae 1 =|L le -(g6-} *)-(% [Ke a° 1, wo 4°) (a5Example 17. (d) Evaluate : fe KE x4 18Y xt 9+? dy dy dz. Solution. Here the given integral is uo rafP? [Fete oye - a dedya ft? ff ete? [ee]? deay 2 JRE? [% ete? ext B89 — 69 de dy= joe fe efe! (e%y-1) de dy 0 = fk? oe eff (eye! 0?) ashes [e-constant] = [R87 ot [et ye oF] dem [00 oF Uae Dem —e} (eH de log 2 ar ae = fr? We- ve setdeelienn oe 0 eSlog2 Slog? -|[oor2-. oe a aml 8 8 8, 58 19 = Siog2-3-842-3 =F log2- 2 3 log 2 3 oie 2- 3 log. 9 Example 18. (a) Find the value of ff J e*+* dx dy dz over the positive quadrant where xtytzsh Solution. Here the given integral is I= [ff et? *? dedy dz x20,y20,22024+y4z51 =fff xiclyl-ll-lert +2 dedydz x20,y20z20x+y4zS1 = POTOTA) ft et lt ltI-1 gy TQ+1+1) “0 =ailoe u ®au= 2 {[ute PIR 24) ue" ax} =f feof], -[er], J-de-meanaedenn Example 18, (8) Find the value of iy J 7 i * ex*9*2 dy dy dzand state presicely what is [From Liouville’s Theorem] the region of integration. Solution. Here the given triple inegral is fo Ioe"? {17 ve aa dx dy [x, y-constant] afoot J." de dm fo fb et» (ett 8) dx ay.e) a dx. [constant] a oF a “f° [ot -ee] aeoft (bee de) ee} 0 2 2 af2(Lete 3 2 4 ot) draft 1 ge _ 3 1p x]” =f (be pet vet ldee[t tet 3.1 +e 1 3 ogee “0-5 ~D4(eF =H el — 6 + Bet - 9). ° ‘The region of integration is the region enclosed by co-ordinate planes x = 0, y = 0,2 = Oand the planes x=, y= xand2=2+9. (ane 48. (0 Evaluate the triple integral of the function f(x, 9,2)= x” over the region V d by the planes x= 0,y=0,2=Oandx+ y+z=0 Solution. From the figure of illustrative example 18 (¢) it is clear that the required triple integral rey fils eee =fo fa" {ic wo aa dx dy {&, yconstant] -f[er ee eo ds dy=[* [07% (a-2- 9) dr dy ye-# Jos (o--a)a def” [0-0-4] dx st eet tes = foe 2 {ot max-artx ts i@ ~2as+ sha 1 42,2 3,4 aft {lg -ari tox =fie' fie suigtte ; __dedyde © wens @ vos aff [or sphere x? + y? +27 =L , where V is the volume of the Solution. Here the region of integration V is the volume of the sphere x + y® +2” =1.Now from the equation of the sphere z = +Thus, from the Fig. of illustrative example 19 (d) itis clear i-2? 9? toz= 1-229". Also that z varies from z = ae 2 the projection of the sphere on xy plane is the circle x” + y . . xe from which y = + y1- x”. Thus, y varies from y = - y1- x” to y= yl x" and x varies from Hence Sly ia p= i-2- dz dy dz ean eee ee fx? f=2 fin? _ dedyde ; =8 dx dy di because the integrand is a symmetric function of x, y, z ax’ Eoin % hi | fo Io - sf, yor [sin 1 (1) - sin“! (0)] dx dy 0 im? ‘| Hf. of acne BJ, de araitly =a fp faa? a— an. 3 fa i= 2F + sin“ a] 2 = 2n [sin7? (sin * = 2.5 = ©) teample 18. () Evaluate [ff (x+y +2) dx dy dz, when the region V is bounded by xty+z=a(a>0)t=0,y=0,2=0. . Solution. The region V of integration is the tetrahedron OABC as shown in the adjoining figure, whose faces OBC,OCA,OAB and ABC are represented by the co-ordinate planes *=0,y=0,z=Oand the plane x+ y+z=a respectively. Obviously co-ordinates of A, B, C are (a, ©, 0), (9, a, 0), (0, 0, a) respectively.oe Now are draw an elementary strip on xy -plane : parallel to y-axes and consider an clementary rectangle area 6x dy. Over this area we construct an elementary rectangle cylinder. In this cylinder we take an elementary volume 8V = dx 8y 82, Clearly along the elementary cylinder 2 varies from z = 0(plane) toz = a~ x y(plane), along the elementary strip y varies from y = 0 (straight line) oy toy= a~ x(straightline) and consequently 2varies sy geo from = Otox = awhich would mean the addition to y contributions of all such strips which clearly lie yo yranx beween x= Oandx =a, CKO 0, a) z=a-x-y BV =x by be = 4 Hence the given triple integral can be (a,0,0) 77 7 Plane expressed as the repeated integral. x wv fffy rat addedy den fh yf? | [SS Gt y+ addy de =f Sle pete ee oto 2 of =[ofoo* [er nex n+ tars-y]dedy =f? Bo [re-w- a te-ay- ot eax 9 ]aray 2 =fe [re-asee-29-% =f [irto-28 +F(a- 29 (e-2)* 5 (0-2) +ha-2°]dr afl 1 _[_ e@-»8 | @- of [Jeto-at Les] nef 02" 5a" 2.8 dx dy dz ro Example 19. (a) Evaluate [ fi jh SO, swhere the region V is bounded by the planes V (tytz+) x=0,y=0,2=0,x+y+z=L Or dx dy dz Compute : es {lv @+ytz+D® if the region of integration is bounded by the co-ordinate planes and the plane x+ y+z=1. {CSVTU, Bhilai B.E. (Second Sem,), April-May, 2014] Solution. From the given integral it is evident that the region V of integration is the tetrahedron OABC as shown in the adjoining figure in which z varies from z= 0toz=1-x-~,y varies from y = Oto y = 1-xand xvaries from x = 0tox= 1.Jf, eee (e+ ytz40? afi pit poy eae Planez = 1-x-y o ° @e+ytz+1 ee 1 pine frane-y a r : —# larg Sof {r aia e tse B “hh feta] ee aT As ° at rty+e+d: 8 arty 41)? 1fpes 1 * = -24——1 __| ay} ae ofr 3 mail | lez “he Ee 1 Joe A 2=0Plane Exariiple 19. (8) Evaluate: [f Jy 2 de dy de Kiere the region of integration V is a eylinder, which is bounded by the following surfaces : 22025127 +y%= Solution. From the adjoining figure it is evident that in the region of integration V, z varies from z= 0 to z=1, y varies from ~ f4—2? to y = 4— 2? and xvaries from x=-2tox=2 Honce fff, zdedy dz=[?, fee Piededy ar 2,5 [Ef ae af Djce wert {oY aod, 2f? [: V4~ 27 is an even function, s0 [°30f 2 1) dx]On substituting x = 2 sin, so that d= 20086 di, 2 : 25 a ain? : sin? 9-2 =8{"? 1 cos d0= 85 cos? odo=8-4.2=2n valuate| {22 dx a ' (7 fotid cone 22-9 = 2? and wibby _ 2s te dy deateretherepion ofintgration Vis bounded ba Solution. From the adjoini oe —. e scons figure it is evident that in the region of integration V, z varies “ 2D eae toy = =F toga and arin rm x=—10 xek Hence f ff, 22 dx dy de=f*, eee Nass 22 dx dy dz “he 1 a1) ae hes dx dy = efoles (=x? - y*) dedy in? y up [ayy 2 ° =f, fe )y- ST 1-2 i ai, {ous ~20-39%} de 471 8 oA fa -at den 5 fy 0-2) de f- @—22)9! is an even function} On substituting x = sin @, so that dx = cos 6 de, _8 pre <2 3/2 _ 8 prt =3 (- sin? 6) cos d0= 5 Jp Example 19. (d) Evaluate Sh (x +2) dx dy dz where the region of integration V is bounded by the solid x + y? +2" Si; x20,y20220. Solution. From the adjoining figure it is evident that in the cos! @ d= z region of integration V, 2 varies from z=0 to z=y1-# varies from y = Oto y= y1-x" and x varies from x= Oto x= 1 Hencef [[, (+2) dx dy de =f jh? ete (x+2) dx dy dz yi-x 2 2 pics [= dx dy ° 2 -f! pee \ice-# tt law °prs ff yn a Ooh ae , 1 1 nm, (1 x?)9? nfx?_ xt] 1 px <2 gyS/2 = = ad)B Coe | ge ele 2 | 4118? (_ sin? 0)? cos 0 8. penn teet a 2 | *a[e a, 3 O-8 On substituting x = sin @ and dx = cos @ d@ in the second integral, EL lp otedd= 4:3 3/0 1, Evaluate the following double integrals : @ [i fPodext ded, — wf, fp ee? dea, Of, fo NP =# ayds @ foie” xards tle Ip seats fF fe" yards, apr 2 a plane pe pony e @ SSG zget® wf tS G+ ddedy, OJP fo" ” & sin y dy dx Evaluate the following double integrals : eee « pe pe dedy 20 fp fo Or? drdy @ JS, Soi ies? dxdj 8f, Jom lo® er 5 fF yrs a EI ra 62 [2 ef dedy, er 87, Jog @+8v ded foe f° cose dyads 0. [fF let F ay de log 2/6 Uf fli eer avaes fp fo” a? dy de x-y xry 2.) fr a Zeoles fr 0 GF a a 13, Evaluate | { , ay dv dy, where Ris the rectangle with vertices (0,0), (0,5), 8,5), @,0). 14, Evaluate f { , + dx dy, where Ris the rectangle 1 < x<2,1< y$2 Ry 15. Evaluate f J, ay 2 + 9) de dyis the rectangle {(x, )):0 0.elimi ofthe sum given by Eq, (7.3), iit exist is called the triple integral of/(,) 2)over the region yondis denoted by {ff f(x, 247 r sence [ff soy. 2ar = fim 3 ,.9.297, i Fat Rice aV=de dy dz 78.1 Triple Integrals in Cartesian Coordinates Triple integral ofa continuous function f(x, y, 2) over a region V can be evaluated by three successive integrations. Let the region V be bounded below by a surface z=2, (x,y) and above by a surface 2=2, (*, y). Let the projection of the region Vin the xy-plane be R which is bounded by the curves y = V0) Y=VED and y2a,x=b. Then the triple integral is defined as Sc Note The order of variables in dx dy dz indicates the order of integration. In some cases, this order is not maintained. Therefore, it is advisable to identify the order of integration with the help of the limits. "poy ane] 7.8.2 Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates Cylindrical coordinates r, 6,z are used to evaluate the integral in the regions which are bounded by cylinders along the z-axis, planes through the z-axis, e planes perpendicular to the z-axis [Fig. 754}. Relations between Cartesian (rectangular) coor dinates (a, y,2) and cylindrical coordinates (7, 8 #) are given as x=rcos@,y=rsin8z=2 Then {ff sox.» 2pdcay ae [JJ £(re088rsind, 2)|oldrdods ax ae a ar 00 az| aceys2) ler ay 2 a0r,82) \ar 06 a az az a: lar 0 a| Fig, 754 Triple integration in elindrical coordinates where J= x mocos@ -rsing | =|sin@ rcosé 0 0 o |] = cos 6(r-c0s 6) +rsin sin 8) =r Hence, [ff f(x,y, z)dedyde = fff #rc0s6, rsin , 2)rdr dOde 7.8.3 Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates Spherical coordinates (r, 8, ) are used to evaluate the integral in the regions which are bounded by the sphere with centre at the origin, (Fig. 7.55]. Relations between Cartesian (rectangular) coordinates (x, y, 2) and spherical coordinates (r, 8, g) are given as x=rsin 0 cos g,y=rsind sing,z=rcos 8 Then [ff PG, », 2dedyde = [ff P(rsind cos¢, rsinBsing, rcosA)|J|drdadg z jax Oe ar ar 30 a9 a(x, y=) _ Joy dy ay where J= 2»! ar, 8,9) |ar 30 ag Jaz ae ae ar 30 ag| lsindcos rcos@cosp -rsin@sing| =|sinOsing rcosOsing rsin@cose cos8 = -rsin@ 0 =sin@ cos g(r" sin? @.cos 9) —rcosécosg (-rsin8 cos¢cos®) —rsinOsing Fig. 7.55 Triple integration in spherical coordinates (-rsin? @ sin g—rcos* @sing) = 7° sin@ cos? g(sin® 6 +cos? 0) +r? sin@sin® g = 7° sind Hence, Jff.rex. », 2)dcdy dz = fff (sin 8c0s 4, rsin sing, rcos Ar? sin Bdrdédg. Note. If the region of integration is a sphere x* + * + z* =a? with centre at (0, 0, 0) and radius a then limits of r, 8 9 are &{i) For a positive octant ofthe sphere, (ii) For a hemisphere, (iti) For the complete sphere, rir=0 to rea 8:0=0 to O=5 $:9=0 to b=27Type! Evaluation of Triple Integrals ster ff pate. Solution: [iff ffovacae= [fT fray Josae= fifo facee =2e =f eds [de = ef Ide = ef 2dz = 2¢l2| Another Method Since all the limits are constant and integrand (function) is explicit in x, y and 2, the integral can be written as [iff ffardeae = fiae-flae- fay = =1-2-e=2e EXAMPLE 7.36 Evaluate ff Cate’ ah yte Solution: The innermost limits depend on x and y. Hence, integrating first w.r.t. z, epee, I de aya Jo (x+y tz 1 ples 1 “SI, xt y+241)P plvae 77 | Massaavanemeea | eeeeeeeeeeeeveeteeesee 0800 gheh =o wae ltt aopenle- ai \4 1 2 1 2 fh 0 1 4 vox S4t 8 2 dx ay sie 1 \ ~ loge + i 1 dep aa |” x+(1-x)+1 Al “f(t 1 JaType ll Evaluation of Triple Integrals Over the Given Region EXAMPLE 7.38 Evaluate {{fx°yzdrdydz over the region bounded by the planes x = 0, y=0,2=Oandx+y+ Solution: 1. Draw an elementary volume AB parallel to the z-axis in the region [Fig. 7.57]. AB starts from xy-plane and terminates on the plane x +ytzel. Limits ofz:z=0 to 2. Projection of the plane x+y-+z= inxy-plane is AOPQ [Fig. 7.58]. Putting 2=0 inx+y+z = 1, the equation of the line PQ is obtained as, x+y=l 3. Draw a vertical strip 4’B’ in the region OPQ. 4’B’ starts from the x-axis and termi- nates on the line x +y= 1. Limits of y Limits of x : =x-y P(1,0,0) shelf tae +y =2,(1-} ay Jax = 3h [bana +? -2y"d-nfay] aeeli (i-x¥_ G-x)' (=x) =tfelay te, ~ 20-2) SE far 4 1 pix? ‘ 1|d-x , d-x! a-x’ ,| =1f'2a-n'ar=4| 2_G-x)" 5,4 0-9 | ght +f eo 0 *** Si0 co] =A (od) -st5 ~ 24\- 105) 2520