11
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Quarter 1 Module 7
Cordova National High School
Technical-Vocational Livelihood (TVL)
Information and Communications Technology
Computer Systems Servicing NC II Quarter 1 Module 7
PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS /
Electronic Spreadsheet using MS Excel
Simple Formulas
Introduction
One of the most powerful features in Excel is the ability to calculate numerical information
using formulas. Just like a calculator, Excel can add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
What is a Formula?
Formulas are used by worksheets to perform calculations on the data you enter. With formulas, you
can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using the values contained in
various cells.
Mathematical operators
Excel uses standard operators for formulas, such as a plus sign for addition (+), a minus sign for
subtraction (-), an asterisk for multiplication (*), a forward slash for division (/), and a caret (^) for
exponents.
All formulas in Excel must begin with an equals sign (=). This is because the cell contains, or is
equal to, the formula and the value it calculates.
Understanding cell references
While you can create simple formulas in Excel manually (for example, =2+2 or =5*5), most of the
time you will use cell addresses to create a formula. This is known as making a cell reference. Using
cell references will ensure that your formulas are always accurate because you can change the
value of referenced cells without having to rewrite the formula.
Cells – are the intersection of rows and columns
Cell Reference – also known as cell address that identifies a cell on
a worksheet.
- B2 and D4 are examples of cell references
- Use cell reference when creating formulas in Excel to ensure that your formulas are accurate.
Take a look at the table below, instead of using the actual values which are 5, 10, and 20 use the
cell references A1, A2, and A3.
The formula in cell A4 refers
to the value in cell A1 which
is 5 multiplied by the value
in cell A2 which is 10 plus
the value of A3 which is 20.
The formula calculates
and displays the answer
to the equation A1
multiplied by A2 plus A3
is 70.
The formula automatically
recalculates when the
value of a referenced cell
is changed.
Active Cell – the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet and is indicated by a bold outline that
surrounds the cell
- B5 is the active cell
Texts or labels – It identifies the purpose of a cell, it can be a brief
instruction, a title or caption.
Number data or constant – a value that doesn’t change and is directly
inserted into a cell.
Formula (mathematical equations) – an expression that calculates the
value of a cell.
Mathematical Operators – MS Excel uses standard operators for
formulas.
Functions- These are pre-defined formulas that are already available in
MS Excel.
Examples of Formula
This formula used the
SUM function to add
the numbers
Note: A formula always begins with an equal (=) sign.
Commonly Used Excel Functions
SUM – Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.
COUNT - Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.
MIN - Returns the smallest number in a set of values.
MAX - Returns the largest value in a set of values.
AVERAGE - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments.
SUMIF – Adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria. SUMIF
function has the following syntax:
SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
Range - The range of cells that you want to evaluate based
on a given criteria.
Criteria – It determines which cells will be added.
Sum_Range – These are the cells containing numeric values
and the cells to add if the condition is met.
For example, you want to find the total ratings of the teachers in terms of the product’s
quality. The formula to use to get the total ratings of the teachers is shown below.
Sometimes the use of sum_range is optional just like in the example below. The formula
in the following example will add the total scores of the students which are higher than
10. Students with scores lower than ten will not be added.
AVERAGEIF - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a
given criteria. AVERAGEIF function has the following syntax:
AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)
Range - The range of cells that you want to apply the
criteria.
Criteria – It determines which cells to average.
Average_Range – These are the cells containing numeric
values and the actual set of cells to average.
For example, you want to get the average of the students’ ratings in terms of the product’s
quality. The formula to use to get the average rating of the students is shown below.
COUNTIF - Counts the number of cells within a range that meet a single criterion that
you specify. COUNTIF function has the following syntax:
COUNTIF(range, criteria)
Range – The range of cells to count.
Criteria – The criteria that determines which cells to be
counted.
The formula =COUNTIF(I3:I7,”YES”) will count the number of respondents that voted for
“Yes”.
If you want to count the number of students who got grades of 90 and above in the first
quarter you can use the formula below.
The example below shows the formula on how to count the number of students who got grades of
85 and above from the first to the second quarter.
IF – This function is one of the most popular functions in Excel. It can perform a logical test and
returns one value if TRUE, and another value if FALSE. The following is the syntax of IF function:
IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)
Logical Test - A value or logical expression that can be
evaluated as True or False.
Value if True – The value to return if the logical test or logical
expression evaluates to TRUE.
Value if False – The value to return if the logical test or logical
expression evaluates to FALSE.
The table below shows the formula to display “Passed” if the student’s average is 75 and
above, and “Failed” if the average is below 75. Since the cell reference H2 has the value of
73.6, “Failed” will be displayed. But not in the case of cell references H3 and H4,
since their values are higher than 75 “Passed” will be displayed.
Directions: Arrange the scrambled letters to form the correct word or words. Write your answer
on a separate sheet.
1. FTIONSNCU
2. CLEL RFEENCERE
3. CNSOTTAN
4. ORWKSETSHE
5. EETDAEPRSHS
6. EGRAEVA
7. AURFLOM
8. WKBROKOO
9. ELLC AGENR
10. TVEICA LELC
1. _____________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________
7. _____________________________________________
8. _____________________________________________
9. _____________________________________________
10. _____________________________________________
Direction: Using the tables below create the formula that will solve the given
problems. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Use the table below to answer numbers 1 and 2.
1. Count the number of
products where price is less
than 500.
2. Display “Within the Budget”
if the total amount is less
than 1,500. Otherwise
“Over the Budget” will be
displayed.
Use the table below to answer number 3.
3. Show the total sales for the
month of August.
By combining a mathematical operator with cell references, you can create a variety of simple formulas in Excel.
Formulas can also include a combination of cell references and numbers, as in the examples below:
The order of operations
All spreadsheet programs calculate formulas based on the following order of operations:
1. Operations enclosed in parentheses
2. Exponential calculations (3^2, for example)
3. Multiplication and division, whichever comes first
4. Addition and subtraction, whichever comes first
A mnemonic that can help you remember the order is PEMDAS, or Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally.
Click the arrows in the slideshow below to learn more about how the order of operations is used to calculate
complex formulas.
While this formula may look really complicated, we can use the order of
operations step by step to find the right a
nswer.
First, we'll start by calculating anything inside the parentheses. In this case,
there's only one thing we need to calculate: 6-3=3.
As you can see, the formula already looks a bit simpler. Next, we'll look to
see if there are any exponents. There's one: 2^2=4.
Next, we'll solve any multiplication and division, working from left to right.
Because the division operation comes before the multiplication, it is
calculated first: 3/4=0.75.
Now, we'll calculate our remaining multiplication operation: 0.75*4=3.
Next, we'll calculate any addition or subtraction, again working from left to
right. Addition comes first: 10+3=13.
Finally, we have one remaining subtraction operation: 13-1=12.
And now we have our answer: 12. This is the exact same result you would
get if you entered the formula into a spreadsheet.
To create a formula:
In our example below, we'll use a simple formula and cell references to calculate a budget.
1. Select the cell that will contain the formula. In our example, we'll select cell B3.
2. Type the equals sign (=). Notice how it appears in both the cell and
the formula bar.
3. Type the cell address of the cell you want to reference first in the formula:
cell B1 in our example. A blue border will appear around the referenced cell.
4. Type the mathematical operator you want to use. In our example, we'll type
the addition sign (+).
5. Type the cell address of the cell you want to reference second in the formula:
cell B2 in our example. A red border will appear around the referenced cell.
6. Press Enter on your keyboard. The formula will be calculated, and
the value will be displayed in the cell.
Note: If the result of a formula is too large to be displayed in a cell, it may appear as pound signs (#######) instead of a
value. This means the column is not wide enough to display the cell content. Simply increase the column width to show
the cell content.
SELF – CHECK
TEST I
Direction: Fill in the blank with the correct answer. Write your answer on separate sheet of
paper.
1. ______________ can guess what type of information you're entering into your worksheet. It
enters data automatically into your worksheet.
2. ______________ to quickly copy and paste content to adjacent cells in the same row or column.
3. In this sample FUNCTION, =SUM(B1:B8) adds the value of each cell in cell range
______________.
4. ______________ is a rectangular group of connected cells.
5. The cell addresses of the first and last cells in the cell range is separated by ____________.
6. A cell range that included cells A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 would be written as ______________.
7. Columns in a worksheet are identified by _______________.
8. while rows are identified by ______________.
9. A cell is the intersection of a ______________.
10. Worksheet is made up of thousands of rectangles, which are called ____________.
Test II. Sequencing
A. Arrange the following ways to to copy and paste cell content in a spreadsheet. Write the
numbers 1 – 5 in the blank.
________Click the Paste command on the Home tab, or press Ctrl+V on your keyboard.
________Select the cell(s) you want to copy.
________Select the cell(s) where you want to paste the content. The copied cells will now have
a dashed box around them.
________Click the Copy command on the Home tab, or press Ctrl+C on your keyboard.
________The content will be pasted into the selected cells.
B. Arrange the following ways to delete cells in a spreadsheet. Write the numbers 1 – 3 in the
blank.
________ Select the Delete command from the Home tab on the Ribbon.
________ The cells below will shift up.
________ Select the cell(s) you want to delete.
C. Arrange the following ways to cut and paste cell content in a spreadsheet. Write the
numbers 1 – 5 in the blank.
________The cut content will be removed from the original cells and pasted into the selected cells.
________Click the Paste command on the Home tab, or press Ctrl+V on your keyboard.
________Select the cells where you want to paste the content. The cut cells will now have a dashed
box around them.
________Click the Cut command on the Home tab, or press Ctrl+X on your keyboard.
________Select the cell(s) you want to cut.
Test III Ranges
Identify the range of the following cells. Write your answer on the space provided after
the number.
A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
1._________________ 2._________________ 3.__________________
A B C D E A B C D E
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
4.__________________ 5.__________________
Prepared by:
RYAN JAY T. YASUMORI
11 – ICT Teacher
