Kinetics: Chapter 13

• Kinetics deals not only with motion but also

the forces which are causing the motion.
• Kinetics can be analyzed by three methods:
1. Inertia Force
2. Work and Energy
3. Impulse and Momentum
 Inertia Force: Newton’s Law
• First Law: Every object remains at rest or maintains a
constant velocity in a straight line unless an
unbalanced force acts on it.
• Second Law: Unbalanced Force (F) acting on a body is
equal to the mass (m) of the body times its
acceleration (a), F = ma.
• Third Law: For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
 Newton’s 2nd Law: Linear Inertia Force
• The acceleration is proportional to unbalanced
force, a  F.
• The acceleration is in the direction of the
resultant unbalanced force.
• The acceleration is inversely proportional to the
mass of the body,
a  1/m. So F = ma, where F is in N, m is in Kg and
a is in m/s2 .
 What is the weight of a body?
• Mass of a body is constant in every location of the universe.
• Weight of the body is a measure of the pull of gravity and
depends on the value of the acceleration due to gravity,
which may vary depending on the location of the object on
earth’s surface.
• Weight W = mg, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
• For SI unit g=9.81 m/s2 and for English unit g=32.2 ft/s2.
 Units in SI and U.S. customary system
• For SI system mass(m)=weight(W)/g, where
mass is in Kg, weight is in N and g is in m/s2.
• For U.S. Customary System
mass(m) = weight (W)/g, where m is in slugs,
W is in lb and g is in ft/s2.
Linear Inertia Force: Dynamic Equilibrium
• The body which is in motion is in dynamic
equilibrium.
• Draw the free body diagram of the system, replacing
the supports with appropriate reactions.
• In addition, show an inertia force in the direction
opposite to the direction of the acceleration with its
value equal to ma.
Linear Inertia Force: Dynamic Equilibrium
• Show the weight of the body (mg) acting
downward and through the centre of gravity.
• Apply the equations of equilibrium, Fx=0,
and Fy=0.
• The other equilibrium equation M=0 applies
to angular motion only.
Examples of inertia forces
Example 13-3
Example 13-3 Cont.
 Example on Kinetics
Problem 13-4
Determine the acceleration of block A down the slope.
 Question 13-10
Problem 13-10: Determine the force P to accelerate the
80-lb block at 6 ft/s2 to the right.
 Question 13-20
Problem 13-20: Determine the acceleration of
mass A if it has a mass of (a) 30 kg and (b) 50 kg.
Question 13-27
 Question 13-30
Problem 13-30
Neglect pulley inertia and determine the acceleration of (a) mass A and (b) mass B.
 Outline

Review of Module 7 – Plane Motion

Module 8 – Angular Kinetics
• Introduction
• Angular Inertia
• Angular Dynamic Equilibrium
• Plane Motion
• Summary of Module 8.
• Assessment/Homework
• Next Class
 Plane Motion

Critical Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of the lesson the students will be able to:

• Solve for Torque and Acceleration of Angular Motion.

• Solve for Force, Torque, Linear Acceleration, and Angular Acceleration

of Plane Motion.
 Review of Plane Motion
Relative Motion

Rolling Wheel

Instantaneous
Center of
Rotation
Review of Plane Motion
 Angular Kinetics

What is Kinetics?
• Kinetics concerns not only velocity and acceleration but also
the accompanying unbalanced forces that cause the motion.

• Kinetics, the study of unbalanced forces causing the motion,

can be analyzed by three methods:
 Inertia force or Torque (dynamic equilibrium) (Chapter 13)
 Work and Energy (Chapter 14)
 Impulse and momentum (Chapter 15)
 Angular Kinetics

Linear inertia
• If an object of mass m is moving with acceleration a,

• The linear inertia force is given by ma and its direction is

opposite to the direction of the acceleration.

Angular inertia
• If a body of mass moment of inertia I is rotating with an
angular acceleration α,
• Then the angular inertia torque is given by Iα in the
direction is opposite to the direction of the acceleration.
• The rotating body’s centre of mass must be same as the
axis of rotation of the body.
Angular Inertia
Angular Inertia
Angular Inertia – Examples
Angular Inertia – Examples
Angular Inertia – Problem P13-41
 Angular Dynamic Equilibrium

Angular Inertia Torque (Iα ):

• Acts in the opposite direction to angular

acceleration – leading to Dynamic Equilibrium.
Angular Dynamic Equilibrium
Angular Dynamic Equilibrium
Angular Dynamic Equilibrium
Angular Dynamic Equilibrium
Angular Dynamic Equilibrium
Angular Dynamic Equilibrium
Angular Dynamic Equilibrium – Problems P13-49
 Plane Motion Kinetics
Plane Motion has the following features:
• There is a relationship between Angular Acceleration and
Translational Acceleration.
• It can be resolved into its components motions, Translation and
Rotation.
• Using FBDs and the Principle of Dynamic Equilibrium, we can
apply the three equations of equilibrium
Plane Motion Kinetics – Example 13.11
Plane Motion Kinetics - Example 13-11
Plane Motion Kinetics – Example 13-12
Plane Motion Kinetics – Example 13.12
Plane Motion Kinetics – Example 13.12
Plane Motion Kinetics – Example 13.13
Plane Motion Kinetics – Example 13.13
Plane Motion Kinetics – Example 13.13
Plane Motion Kinetics – Problems P13-54
Plane Motion Kinetics – Tutorial Problem P13-55
Angular Kinetics – Tutorial Problem P13-47
Angular Kinetics – Tutorial Problem P13-57
Angular Kinetics – Practice Problem P13-46
Angular Kinetics – Practice Problem P13-50
Angular Kinetics – Practice Problem P13-58
 SUMMARY: Angular Motion Kinetics
Hints for Problem Solving
 SUMMARY: Angular Motion Kinetics
Hints for Problem Solving
 Plane Motion
Did we Achieve our Goal?
Critical Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of the lesson the students will be able to:

• Solve for Torque and Acceleration of Angular Motion.

• Solve for Force, Torque, Linear Acceleration, and Angular Acceleration

of Plane Motion.
 Next Lecture

Module 9: Work, Energy, and Power

• Chap 14 page 484 (Walker’s text)

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