Terna Engineering College

Computer Engineering Department

Program: Sem V

Course: Computer Network Lab

LAB Manual

PART A

(PART A: TO BE REFERRED BY STUDENTS)

Experiment No. 02
A.1 Aim:

Demonstration of crimping and fault finding of cross-wired cable and straight through cable along
with the tools, cables and connectors used.

A.2 Prerequisite:
Crimping Tool, CAT 6 cable

A.3 Outcome:
After successful completion of this experiment students will be able to

Identify various protocols, cables and devices in networking.

A.4 Theory:

Twisted Pair

Twisted pair eventually emerged during the 1990s as the leading cabling standard for
Ethernet, starting with 10 Mbps (10BASE-T, also known as Category 3 or Cat3), later
followed by improved versions for 100 Mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5, and Cat5e) and
successively higher speeds up to 10 Gbps (10GBASE-T). Ethernet twisted pair cables
contain up to eight (8) wires wound together in pairs to minimize electromagnetic interference.

Category 6 cable , commonly referred to as Cat 6, is a standardized twisted pair cable for
Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward compatible with the
Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards.
Compared with Cat 5 and Cat 5e, Cat 6 features more stringent specifications for crosstalk
and system noise. The cable standard also specifies performance of up to 250 MHz
compared to 100 MHz for Cat 5 and Cat 5e.

Whereas Category 6 cable has a reduced maximum length of 55 meters when used for
10GBASE-T, Category 6A cable (or Augmented Category 6) is characterized to 500 MHz
and has improved alien crosstalk characteristics, allowing 10 GBASE-T to be run for the
same 100 meter maximum distance as previous Ethernet variants.

When used for 10/100/1000 BASE-T, the maximum allowed length of a Cat 6 cable is up
to 100 meters (328 ft). This consists of 90 meters (295 ft) of solid "horizontal" cabling
between the patch panel and the wall jack, plus 5 meters (16 ft) of stranded patch cable
between each jack and the attached device. For 10GBASE-T, an unshielded Cat 6 cable
should not exceed 55 meters.

● Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable.

● Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable.

Coaxial Cable.

Invented in the 1880s, "coax" was best known as the kind of cable that connected
television sets to home antennas. Coaxial cable is also a standard for 10 Mbps Ethernet
cables. When 10 Mbps Ethernet was most popular, during the 1980s and early 1990s,
networks typically utilized one of two kinds of coax cable - thinnet(10BASE2 standard) or
thicknet (10BASE5). These cables consist of an inner copper wire of varying thickness
surrounded by insulation and another shielding. Their stiffness caused network administrators
difficulty in installing and maintaining thinnet and thicknet.

Fiber Optic Cable.

Instead of insulated metal wires transmitting electrical signals, fiber optic network cables
work using strands of glass and pulses of light. These network cables are bendable despite
being made of glass. They have proven especially useful in wide area network (WAN)
installations where long distance underground or outdoor cable runs are required and also
in office buildings where a high volume of communication traffic is common.

Two primary types of fiber optic cable industry standards are defined – single-
mode(100BaseBX standard) and multimode (100BaseSX standard). Long-distance
telecommunications networks more commonly use single-mode for its relatively higher
bandwidth capacity, while local networks typically use multimode instead due to its lower cost.
 PART B
(PART B : TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENTS)
Roll No.: 48 Name: Nikhil Aher
Class : TE-B Batch : B3
Date of Experiment: 17/07/23 Date of Submission: 24/07/23

B.3 Observations and learning:

In this experiment we learn about how the crimping tool works. With the help of a
crimping tool and CAT6 cable we study the different types of cables. With this we perform the
experiment successfully.

B.4 Conclusion:
We learn the different types of cables and how theri working is done. With the help of
crimping tools we study how to join the CAT6 cable with the RJ-45 . We learn the bandwidth and
color code of CAT6 cable in 568A and 568B.

B.5 Question of Curiosity:

Q1: What is the difference between straight through cable and crossover cable?

Answer:

Straight through Cable Crossover Cable

 Straight-through cable is a type of CAT5 A Crossover cable is a type of CAT where one
with RJ-45 connectors at each end, and end is T568A configuration, and the other end is
each has the same pin out. T568B Configuration.

It is one of the most commonly used cable It is used only for certain applications.
formats for network cables.

You can also connect it to the router’s LAN You can connect it to a router’s LAN port to a
port to a switch/hub’s uplink port. switch or hub’s regular port

Straight through cable connects a computer Crossover cable connects with a router’s LAN
with a cable or DSL modem’s LAN port. port with switch/hub normal port.

You should use a straight-through cable You should use a crossover cable when you
when you want to connect two devices of want to connect two devices of the same type.
different types.

It helps you connect a router’s WAN port to You can connect two switches/hubs by using
a cable or DSL modem’s LAN port. the normal port in both switches/hubs.

Straight-through cables are mainly used for While crossover cables are mostly used for
connecting, unlike devices. connecting devices.

Q2: Where straight through and crossover cables are used?

Answer: 1. Applications of Straight through Cable:

● It helps you to connect a computer to a switch/hub’s normal port.

● You can use it to connect a computer to a cable/DSL modem’s LAN port.
● It allows you to connect a router’s WAN port to a cable/DSL modem’s LAN port.
● Connect 2 switches or hubs with one of the hubs or switch using an upline port and the
other one using a normal port.

2. Applications of Crossover Cable:

● It can use a computer to a computer with no switch or hub.

● Network device to the network device. For example, the route to the router.
● Crossover cable enables one to establish a direct connection between two computing
devices using Ethernet ports.
● It Connects two computers directly.
● You can connect two hubs/switches by using the normal port in both switches and hubs.

Q3: What is the Bandwidth of CAT 6 cable?

Answer: The Bandwidth of CAT6 cable is 250 MHz.

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