Level 2

Unit: 10A
SIMPLE PAST REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
 Simple past regular & irregular verbs

What did you eat last We made meatloaf and

How did you We went to the Thanksgiving? stuffed turkey with
celebrate your beach and had a gravy, and for dessert
anniversary? romantic dinner we had pumpkin pie.
on pier 49.
 Structure
1. be

(+) I was born in Mexico.

They were late for work yesterday. 1. The past of be is was/were. We add not to make
(-) She wasn’t at work yesterday. negatives and invert the subject and verb to make
He wasn’t very nice to him. questions.
(?) Were you home yesterday? 2. Regular verbs add -ed or -d in the simple past (+),
When was she born? e.g., like - liked, want wanted.
3. Irregular verbs change their form in the simple past
1. regular verbs (+), e.g., go-went, see-saw.
● Regular and irregular verbs (except can) use:
(+) I really liked the movie. - didn’t + base form to make negatives, e.g., I didn’t
She wanted to be a nurse. like it. She didn’t see him.
(-) She didn’t enjoy her steak. - did + subject + base form to make questions, e.g.,
He didn’t sing until 10:30 p.m. Did you want to come? Where did you go?
(?) Did you watch the news last night?
When did you finish reading? Can / could

1. irregular verbs ● The past of can is could. We add not to make

negatives (I couldn’t find my glasses.) and reverse
(+) I went to Seoul last week the subject and verb to make questions (Could you
He slept on the couch. use your cell phone on the mountain?).
(-) He didn’t come to work last night.
They didn’t eat their food.
(?) Did you speak to your mom yesterday?
Where did you cut your hair?
 Examples
I drew a picture for my dog.

“Nancy said she would be here by noon.”

I spent the next 5 minutes trying to find a new pencil.

¨I hope he get here soon, I made reservations for 5:00

p.m.”
I did not have any aspirin so we drove to the pharmacy
to buy some.

“Maybe he went to the library after school?”

¨I pressed the pencil so hard I broke it¨

“I just saw him pull into the driveway”

¨I reached into my folder and cut my finger on the edge

of the paper¨
“I knew Shaniqua would be here on time!”
 Practice

A Fresh Start

Detective Loki: Ok, Mr. Jones. Please just relax and tell me the problem.
Mr. Jones: It’s my wife. She 1 went (go) out yesterday evening, and she 2___________ (not come) back.
Detective Loki: When 3_______ (you / see) your wife for the last time?
Mr. Jones: Yesterday evening, at about nine thirty.
Detective Loki: Tell me what happened yesterday. 4_______ (you / do) anything unusual?
Mr. Jones: No, it 5_______ (be) just a normal day. We 6_______ (wake up) at seven. I 7______ (have) breakfast. Then I 8______ (drive) to
work. My wife 9______ (not have) breakfast. In the morning, I think she 10_____ (go) shopping. She 11_____ (come) home at lunchtime. I don’t
know what she 12_____ (do) in the afternoon. She probably 13____ (make) dinner.
Detective Loki: When 14_____ (you / come) home?
Mr. Jones: I 15____ (arrive) home at about seven thirty. I 16____ (sit) down and 17_____ (read) the newspaper, and 18_____ (check) my
email. We 19____ (have) dinner at about eight. After dinner, I 20____ (watch) TV. I 21_____ (go to sleep) in my hammock.
Detective Loki: 22____ (you / speak) to your wife at all? What 23____ (she / say) to you?
Mr. Jones: We 24____ (not talk) during dinner. After dinner, she 25____ (say), “This isn’t a life, I need to go out.” She 26____ (call) a taxi. I
27____ (hear) the taxi about fifteen minutes later. She 28_____ (take her bag and her coat and 29____ (close) the door. She 30____ (not say)
goodbye.
Detective Loki: I see sir. I think I know why she 31____ (leave).
 Practice

Read the following story:

Leo is a young sailor. He lives in Scotland, but he is often away with his ship.
One summer he comes back from a long voyage and finds new neighbors near his mother’s house. They
have a pretty daughter, and Leo soon loves her and he wants to marry her when he comes back. Leo
promises the girl to send a present from every port.
Leo’s first port is Johannesburg in Africa, and he sends the girl a parrot from there. The parrot speaks three languages.
When Leo’s ship reaches Australia, a letter comes from the girl. The letter says, “Thank you for the parrot, Leo. It tasted
much better than a chicken.”

Write the story again using the simple past:

Leo was a young sailor. He lived in Scotland, but he was often away with his ship.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________.
 Level 2
Unit: 8B
THERE IS/THERE ARE, SOME/ANY
+ PLURAL NOUNS
 THERE IS/THERE ARE, SOME/ANY

+ PLURAL NOUNS

There is: we use it to indicate that something or somebody exists. A singular noun goes after there is.

There are: we use it to indicate that something or somebody exists. Plural nouns go after there are.

Examples

· There is a banana in the bowl.

· There are two pencils on the desk.

· There are five sandwiches on the table.

· The is a giraffe in the zoo.

· There are five airplanes in the sky.

· There is a flying squirrel on that branch.

 STRUCTURE

Affirmative

THERE IS / ARE
Full form Short Form

There is there`s Only one Two or more

There are -------- thing. things. Two oranges.
A boy.

A book. Three people.

Negative
An apple.
IS Are Five glasses.
Full form Short Form
A car. There Six women.

A woman. Four girls.

There isn’t any pencil.

There isn’t any coin in my wallet.

There aren’t any apples in the basket. Any is generally used in negative sentences.
There aren’t any good movies on Netflix.
● There aren’t any students in the school.
● I don’t want to drink any fruit juice.
 Structure Continued.

Is there any food?

Question Is there any stores open?

Is there? Are there any apples in the basket?

Are there? Are there any good movies on Netflix?

Yes, there is. /No, there isn’t.

Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

USAGE

There is/ there are

· We use there is / there are to say that somebody or someone exists. We use there is + a
singular noun and there are + plural nouns.
· There is, is often contracted to There’s. There are is not usually contracted.
· When we talk about a list of all things, we use there is if the first word on the list is singular
or there are if the first word in the list is plural:
o In my bedroom, there’s a bed, two chairs, and a desk.
o In the living room, there are two arm chairs and a sofa.
 There is – There are

Meaning: To say that something exists (or doesn’t exist)

There is + singular noun There is a book on the desk.

There are + plural noun There are books on the desk.
There is + uncountable noun There is some mils in the fridge. A/ AN, SOME, ANY

A/an: we use it with singular nouns.

There isn’t + singular noun There isn’t a pen on the table. · There’s a pen
There aren’t + plural noun There aren’t any pens here.
· There’s an elephant
There isn’t + uncountable noun There isn’t any juice in the fridge.

ANY: we use it in negative sentences. Any

There is a cat on the chair. There are cats on the chair. indicates zero/ no existence.
Is there a cat on the chair? Are there cats on the sofa? · There isn’t any chocolate on the table
· There aren’t any books on the shelf

How many + plural noun + are there? ANY: we use it in interrogative sentences to ask
How many students are there in your class? for existence.
How many days are there in February? · Is there any good movie to watch?

Positive: Contractions SOME: we use it in affirmative sentences with

There’s = There is plural nouns.
Negative: There’s not = There is not · There are some good songs on this
There isn’t = There is not album
Question: There aren’t = There are not
 Examples

SOME – ANY

I have some Friends. I don’t have any money.

There are some cookies in the jar. There isn’t any sugar in the jar.
There are some students in the school. There aren’t any students in the school.
I had some cats when I was little. I couldn’t get any sleep last night.
Some people work from home. Is there any milk in the fridge?
There are some good movies on Netflix. Are there any apples in the basket?

There are some bananas, grapes and There isn’t any fruit in the basket.
apples in the basket. There is a dog.
 Practice

Choose SOME or ANY.

9. Have you got SOME / ANY siblings?

1. There is SOME / ANY chocolate milk in the fridge.
10. I am lonely. I don’t have SOME / ANY friends.
2. We don’t need SOME / ANY sugar.
11. There are SOME / ANY birds in the cage.
3. Can I have SOME / ANY orange juice, please?
12. Can I have SOME / ANY more tea, please?
4. Are there SOME / ANY eggs in the fridge?
13. There is SOME / ANY tuna in the refrigerator.
5. There are SOME / ANY dogs in the garden.
14. We haven’t got SOME / ANY apples.
6. Would you like SOME / ANY coffee?
15. Would you like SOME / ANY sugar in your tea?
7. I don’t have SOME / ANY money.
16. I have SOME / ANY news for you.
8. There aren’t SOME / ANY oranges on the counter.
 Practice

Fill in the blanks below to complete the sentences.

1. __There is____ a library next to the school. 9. ________________ a few things I have to this this afternoon.

2. All the students went home. There aren’t any students in 10. A: ___________ a Mcdonald’s nearby? B: I’m sorry, I don’t
the music room. know.

3. ___________ 50 states in the United States. 11. ___________________ Something I can help you with?

4. No, ___________ orcas in the South Pole. 12. No, ___________ public holidays this week.
5. A:____________ a message for me? B:
No,________________. 13. How many states __________ in Mexico?

6. Why ___________so many cars in the parking lot? 14. _________________ a man in the picture. He is laughing.

7. A: I’m hungry. B: ___________ a restaurant across the 15. __________________ only three more days before the exam.
street. Let’s study!

8. How many days _____________ in August, thirty or 16. How many countries _______________ in South America?
thirty-one?
 Level 2
Unit: 8C
THERE WAS - THERE WERE
 THERE WAS - THERE WERE

STRUCTURE

There was: is the past of there is. There + Verb to be Complement

There were: is the past of there are.

There + was a book.

There was: is the past of there is, we use it to indicate

that something or somebody existed. A singular noun
There + were two people.
goes after there was.

There were: Is the past of there are, we use it to

indicate that something or somebody existed. Plural There was a dog in the house.
nouns go after there were. There was money in the safe.
There was a dog barking at us.
There was a grocery store right there.
There was a dog in the street.
 STRUCTURE CONTINUED..

Verb to be + There Complement?

There + Verb to be Complement
wasn’t + There a book?
There + wasn’t a book.

weren’t + There Two people?

There + weren’t Two people

● Was there a man standing here?

● There wasn’t any money at the ATM.
● Was there a soccer player in the car?
● There wasn’t any information in the file.
● Was there a museum in that old town?
● There wasn’t a Christmas tree in the living room.
● Was there a lot of food at the party?
● There wasn’t a brown chair in the store.
● Were there many police officers around here?
● There weren’t many options available to us.
● Were there many people working in the bank?
● Were there two paramedics in the ambulance?
● Was there a great depressions 100 years ago?
 Example

“This is my bedroom when I was a child. I wasn’t very good at keeping everything in order, I remember there was very little
furniture, there were only a few places of furniture, there was one bed and there was a piece of furniture made of
carton, there weren’t any chairs and there wasn’t any order. There wasn’t much light but there were a lot of toys
everywhere. Also, there were a lot of toys on the floor and there were two windows.

What was there in your bedroom when you were a child?”

 Practice

Complete the dialogues with there was/were, there wasn’t/weren’t.

1.
A: 1. Was there a grocery store in your town when you were a child?
B. No, 2. ____________. 3. _____________ a bakery and a small convenience store.
A: 4. ________ any Italian restaurants? I love pizza!
B: No, 5. ________, but 6. ____________ a café, and 7. _______ two restaurants!

2.
A: We stayed in a great hotel in Cancun, 1. _____________ a huge TV in our room!
B: Wow! 2. ____________ a swimming pool?
A: Yes, 3. ___________ two, and 4. __________ an amazing gym.
B: 5. ___________ a good restaurant in the hotel?
A: Yes, the food was scrumptious.
3.
A: 1. __________ a very old castle in a town I lived in as a child. People said
2. __________ secret passages in it.
B: Really? 3. ________ ghosts in the castle too?
A: Yes, 4. _________. My aunt saw one once. She said that suddenly 5. ______
a strange light and then she saw a face looking through the window and she was
on the third floor.
4.
A: Did you get anything nice at the mall?
B: Yes, I did 1. _______ some cool sneakers, I got two.
A: Awesome! 2. _________ any white ones?
B: Yes, 3. _______, but 4. __________ any in my size.