Lecture No.

5 Islamic Studies

Seerat ) (‫ سیرت ۔ مدنی دور‬of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) –II

a. Important Events with Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W)
in Madina

b. Quranic Teachings of Adab Al-Nabi related to Surat Al Hujrat Verse 1-3

c.Quranic Language (QL) “Hum, Haza, Zaalika, Ullaika” ‫أولئك‬, ‫ ذلك‬, ‫ ھذا‬, ‫ھم‬

Important events from Madani life of Prphet PUPH

The Prophet's entry into Madina was a new phase for the divine message. Islam
gaining fresh followers began to declare its strength and soon started to spread out
over the four corners of the Arabian Peninsula.

Prophet was 53 years of age at the time of his positive migration. In Madina he
spent the remaining 10 years of his life and it was here that other brilliant aspects
of his perfect and clean personality became fully clear. The divine call now entered
a significant stage and many important events took place in Madina, which
eventually arranged a firm foundation for the spread of Islam to the furthest
reaches of the globe. Here we shall study some of the major landmarks in the life
of Prophet Muhammad (S) and Islam at Madina.

1. The Building of the First Mosque

The entry into Madina was followed by the building of the mosque, the first-ever
for the Muslims who had just emerged from years of oppression in Makkah. It was
one of the most important landmarks for Muslims who now had a center of their
own for open uninhibited gatherings, a school for learning the Qur'an and a
headquarters for receiving necessary instructions from their leader.

Makkan immigrants mixed with the local populace, the 'Ansar' (Helpers), and
optimistically started giving shape to Islam's first-ever mosque which would be
known as Masjid-an-Nabi (Prophet's Mosque). The building was soon constructed
of clay and tree trunks with palm leaves serving as a roof. The Messenger of Allah
himself took part in the construction.

2. Fraternization
The second important step taken by the Prophet in Madina was the fraternizing of
'Muhajireen' (Makkan Immigrants) with the 'Ansar' (Madinite Helpers) in the
connections of Islamic brotherhood. He fraternised each Muhajir with an Ansar,
joining them together as brothers in faith. And he himself gripped the hand of his
beloved cousin Ali bin Abi Talib (a) as the supreme symbol of brotherhood,
fraternity and solidarity in the Islamic society.

Before proceeding further let us say a few words about the Muhajireen and the
Ansar, who formed the pillars of the Islamic StateThe Muhajireen as the name
suggests were the Muslim emigrants from Makkah who had followed the Prophet
of Madina to safeguard their faith and to leak torture from the infidels. They had
incorporated Islam in its early formative years and most of them had faithfully
tolerated pain and hardship in the way of liberty, truth and justice.

On the other hand, the Ansar were the local residents of Madina, who believed in
the Message of Islam and gathered to the help of the Prophet. They welcomed him
to their city, and fought alongside him against the pagans of Arabia. It was their
faith and selfless devotion which cemented Islamic unity and brought many a
glorious victory for Islam.

At the time of the Hijra most of the Muhajireen were poor and possessed nothing,
but the Ansar displaying the finest example of Islamic brotherhood, provided them
with their needs such as houses, money and food. They lodged them in their own
houses, shared their wealth with them and gave their daughters in marriage to the
Makkan Muslims.From them we learn patience, self-sacrifice, fraternity, and piety

3. The Islamic State

The other important event after the Hijra was the establishment of the Islamic State
and Government by the Prophet, who by applying the gradual relating of great
commandments, into a real Islamic society. Clarifying the everlasting miracle of
the Holy Qur'an and setting his own divinely inspired personality as a practical
example, he firmly founded the pillars of justice and virtue. In short, Prophet
Muhammad (S) presented to the dark world bubbling under domination and
harassment, the most perfect ever constitution - spiritual, social and political and a
key to their rescue both in this worldly life and the hereafter.
4. Jihad

The next stage was Jihad or holy struggle, a thing not known in Makkah. It was the
natural significance to the setting up of a state. Unbelievers, ever-committed to
remove the divine call but seeing Islam finely joined a secure state and the
Muslims had to follow uniform to defend their faith, and according to Allah's
injunctions went out to do battle with the aggressors and attackers.

The first battle between Islam and violation followed in the second year of the
Hijra at a place called 'Badr' in which the new-found Islamic State, assembling a
diffident force of only 313 Muslims defeated a vastly outnumbering army of
disbelievers. The victory led to many other battles and clashes with the Makkan
infidels, who each time came out in larger numbers to retaliate their previous
setbacks, but by Allah's Grace suffered defeat after defeat at the hands of the
faithful.

The victories brought strength and courage to the Muslims and helped facilitate the
spread of Islam and monotheism(Touheed) to the extreme reaches of polytheist
(Mushrik) in Arabia.

5. End of Jewish Plans and Disloyalties

Since the Prophet's entry into Madina, the treacherous Jews had strongly opposed
him and his Islamic call, evoking memories of their hostility to the previous
Prophet, Jesus Christ (a), half a millennium ago. The sneaky Jews entered into an
alliance with the polytheist Quraish in a proposal to stamp out Islam. They united
to kill Prophet Muhammad (S) despite the fact that he was merciful and soft
towards them and had treated them kindly, hoping to convince them of Islam's
truth. But eventually as Jewish plans and aggressions increased, he had no choice
other than to take up arms against them, in order to protect Islam and the Muslims.
At the battle of Khaiber which is famous for Imam Ali's (a) heroic adventures, the
Prophet defeated them ending Jewish scheming and plans and disloyalties in
Arabia.

6. The Contract of Hudaibiyah

Another important landmark in the Prophet's life and progress of the Islamic call
was the treaty of Hudaibiyah.

One-night Prophet Muhammad (S) had a dream in which he saw that he and his
companions were entering the boundaries of the Holy Ka'aba in Makkah to
perform the 'Tawaf' (circumambulation), but the infidel Arabs were trying to
obstruct their entrance. Following the dream, he decided to go to Makkah with
some 1,500 Muslims to perform the pilgrimage. It was in the sixth year of the
Hijra, and when the party arrived at a place called Hudaibiyah, the infidels
confronted them and blocked all routes to Makkah. After some considerations the
infidels and the Prophet concluded a treaty, Consisting on that the Muslim party
would for the moment go back to Madina, but would return the next year for
performing the pilgrimage. There were some other terms too.

As per the treaty the Messenger and his companions turned back to Madina, but the
next year the Prophet along with a group of Muslims entered Makkah - 7 years
after his historical migration - to perform the Umrah usual (the lesser pilgrimage).
Thus, his dream came true, and it was another undeniable proof of his
Prophethood.

7. The Conquest of Makkah

Next followed the great event in the history of Islam, that was the conquest of
Makkah, then support of ignorance and disbelief. With it, idolatry was removed
from the greater part of Arabia once and for all, and Allah's Sacred House the
Ka'aba was cleaned of the immorality of man-made things. The event took place
during the month of Ramadhan, in the year 8 A.H. and Makkah was liberated
without a fight. Almighty Allah inculcated the hearts of the idolaters with such fear
that when Abu Sufyan, the leader of the infidels, and his men, saw the Muslim
forces they were hit with surprise and silently surrendered. Thus the Messenger
and his companions entered Makkah proudly and gloriously, destroyed the idols,
performed the Tawaf, and returned to Madina.

The conquest of Makkah and the purging of idols from Holy Ka'aba proved a great
victory for Islam. Following the event which is famous for Muhammad's (S)
nobility towards his opponents, the Makkan pagans, who all accepted Islam,
people started embracing the true faith in crowds.

8. Emperors, Heads of State and Tribal Chiefs Invited to Islam

Allah bestowed victory upon His Prophet in his many battles, and the Muslims
were now strong. Since the light of Islam had expelled ignorance from the greater
part of the Arabian Peninsula, the Messenger of Allah now felt it his duty to
enlighten neighboring people about the truth of Islam. Accordingly, he sent
representatives to the Emperors of Persia, Byzantine and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and
to other heads of state and tribes inviting them towards guidance and reform. Some
accepted, some gave polite 'diplomatic replies', while some others such as
Chosroes of Persia were overconfident to inform on their ignorance, by proudly
scratching the letters from the 'Mercy to the Worlds'.

9. Event of Mubahala

Among the messages which the Prophet (S) sent to kings and heads of state
inviting them to Islam, was the one addressed to the Christians of Najran in
Yemen. On receiving the letter the Christians refused to accept Islam but however
decided to come to Madina to challenge the Prophet and to defend their departed
belief in the religion and purification of Prophet Jesus (EISA) (a).

In Madina, the Prophet presented them with proof and facts about Islam's undying
truth, citing references from the previously revealed Scriptures, but the Christians'
irrational determination prevented them from seeing the clear truth. In the end the
two parties decided to meet at an open place and pray divine blasphemy and
punishment upon the lying side. Allah thereby ordered His Prophet to take along
with him his immediate family to the meeting ground for the Mubahala1.

ٍ ‫اِ َّن َمثَ َل ِع ۡي ٰسى ِع ۡن َد هّٰللا ِ َك َمثَ ِل ٰا َد َمؕ خَ لَقَهٗ ِم ۡن تُ َرا‬

53. This means that if Jesus' miraculous birth is sufficient proof that he should be
regarded either as God or as the son of God then there are even stronger grounds to
apply this to Adam. For, while Jesus was born without a father, Adam was born
with neither father nor mother.

َ‫ك فَاَل تَ ُك ۡن ِّمنَ ۡال ُممۡ ت َِر ۡين‬ ُّ ‫اَ ۡل َحـ‬

ُ ‫ك فِ ۡي ِه ِم ۡۢن بَ ۡع ِد َما َجٓا َءكَ ِمنَ ۡال ِع ۡل ِم فَقُ ۡل تَ َعالَ ۡوا ن َۡد‬
‫ع اَ ۡبنَٓا َءنَا َواَ ۡبنَٓا َء ُكۡـم َونِ َسٓا َءنَا َونِ َسٓا َء ُكمۡ َواَ ۡنفُ َسنَا َواَ ۡنفُ َس ُكۡـم‬ َ ‫ف َم ۡن َحٓا َّج‬

َ‫ثُ َّم ن َۡبتَ ِه ۡل فَن َۡج َعل لَّ ۡعنَتَ هّٰللا ِ َعلَى ۡال ٰك ِذبِ ۡين‬
(3:61) Tell whoever disputes with you on this matter after true knowledge has
come to you: 'Come! Let us call our sons and your sons, and our women and your
women, and ourselves and yourselves, and then let us pray together and invoke the
curse of Allah on those who lie.'55

55. The real aim in suggesting this procedure for deciding the dispute was to prove
that the attitude of those amongst the delegation of Najran was one of deliberate
inflexibility and narrow-mindedness. They had no sound arguments to contradict
any of the points mentioned above, and they could not find any piece of evidence
in their own scriptures upon which they could claim,

The Christian elders came to the venue with their whole flock, and the Prophet as
ordered by Allah came with his immediate family members, namely: daughter
Fatimah, son in-law Ali and their two children, Hasan and Husayn. Never had the
Christians seen such enlightened visages before. The moment the Chief Priest
beheld Prophet Muhammad (S) and his noble family, he was filled with surprise.

He realized that without doubt truth was with this blessed group of five and most
surely Allah will respond to Muhammad (S) and his family's request if they choose
to curse and destroy the Christians of Najran. Thus the Christians backed away
from the challenge of Mubahala, and prudently came to relationships with the
Prophet, promising to pay an annual tribute to the Muslims.

10. The Farewell Pilgrimage

In the tenth year of the Hijra, the Messenger of Allah (S) performed the Hajj
(pilgrimage), with all his wives and a large number of his Companions.

He reached Makkah on the 4th of Dhul Hijja and was soon joined by Ali (a), who
hurried back from his successful missionary deputation to Yemen. During the Hajj
ceremonies, the Prophet addressed a great crowd from Mount Arafat, in words
which are everlasting to this day in the hearts of believers. After praising the
Almighty, he explained the laws and beliefs of Islam and stopped all existing
practices of the days of Jahiliyah, indicting the gathering to inform those not
present and also to convey to future generations his eternal message.

11. The Prophet's Death

Two months after his return to Madina, the Messenger of Allah fell ill, Madina
sported a look of sadness, because for a fortnight, the Prophet of Islam was
confined in bed. The beginning of 28th of the cosmological month of Safar proved
to be momentous, for on that day the 'Mercy to the worlds' although weak with
fever made his way to the mosque to lead the prayers, which also proved to be for
the last time. Following a brief speech, he returned to the house and after giving
necessary instructions), he breathed no more. The sad day marked the end of final
Prophethood.
Allah, through His last and greatest Messenger has revealed the perfect and the
most comprehensive set of laws for the entire human race, a constitution, which is
capable of catering to the needs of all generations till end of the world. Now the
need for further exposures will no more arise, for the Almighty in His Eternal
Wisdom has embodied each and everything in the Holy Qur'an and taken upon
Himself the responsibility of guarding it from interruption. Moreover the Prophet
practically showed the implementation of divine laws.

The Qur'an together with the Prophet's Sunnah (traditions) is to remain a guiding
light for all mankind, and to ensure their correct meaning and application, Allah
granted the leadership of the Ummah to the Prophet.

Today the grave of the Prophet is the site of visit and respect for Muslims from all
over the globe.

‫سورة الحجرات‬

‫َى هّٰللا ِ َو َرس ُۡولِ ٖه َو اتَّقُوا هّٰللا َؕ اِ َّن هّٰللا َ َس ِم ۡي ٌع َعلِ ۡي ٌم‬ ۤ
ِ ‫ٰياَيُّهَا الَّ ِذ ۡينَ ٰا َمنُ ۡوا اَل تُقَ ِّد ُم ۡوا بَ ۡينَ يَد‬
(49:1) Believers, do not advance before Allah and His Messenger,1 and fear Allah.
Verily (no doubt) Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.
1. This is the notable and basic demand of the faith. If the person who regards
Allah as his Lord and accepts Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) as his guide
and leader, is true in his belief, he can never have the attitude that he should give
his own opinion and view superiority over the decision of Allah and His
Messenger (peace be upon him), or should adopt an independent opinion in the
matters, and pass his own judgments without caring to find out whether Allah and
His Messenger have given any guidance in those matters or not, and if they have
given it, what it is. That is why it has been said: O you who believe, do not put
(yourselves) before Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him). That is, do not
go ahead of them, but follow behind. Do not precede them, but be subordinate to
them
َ‫ض اَ ۡن ت َۡحبَط‬
ٍ ‫ض ُكۡـم لِبَ ۡع‬ ِ ‫ت النَّبِ ِّى َواَل ت َۡجهَر ُۡواـ لَهٗ بِ ۡالقَ ۡو ِل َك َج ۡه ِر بَ ۡع‬
ِ ‫ص ۡو‬ ۡ َ‫ٰۤياَيُّهَا الَّ ِذ ۡينَ ٰا َمنُ ۡوا اَل ت َۡرفَع ُۡۤواـ ا‬
َ ‫ص َواتَ ُكۡـم فَ ۡو‬
َ ‫ق‬
َ‫اَ ۡع َمالُ ُكمۡ َواَ ۡنـتُمۡ اَل ت َۡش ُعر ُۡون‬
(49:2) Believers, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet and when
speaking to him do not speak aloud as you speak aloud to one another,3 lest all
your deeds are reduced to nothing without your even realizing it.4
3. This is the protocol that was taught to the people who sat among the audience of
the Prophet (peace be upon him) or came to visit him. Its intention was that the
believers should treat the Prophet (peace be upon him) with the highest respect and
admiration when visiting him and talking to him. Nobody should raise his voice
louder than his. The people should not be unaware of the fact that they are
addressing the Messenger (peace be upon him) of Allah, and not a common man,
or a person of equal rank. Therefore, there should be a marked difference between
one’s tone of conversation with the common people and one’s tone of conversation
with the Prophet (peace be upon him), and no one should talk to him in a voice
louder than his.

Although this etiquette was taught for sitting in the Prophet’s (peace be upon him)
assembly and its addressees were the people who were living in his time, the
people of the later ages should also observe the same respect and admiration on the
occasion when the Prophet’s name is mentioned, or a command of his is stated, or
his sayings are explained. Besides, this verse also points out what attitude the
people should adopt when talking to persons of a higher rank and status than
themselves. A person’s talking before the men of a higher rank in a way as he talks
before his friends or the common men, is in fact a sign that he has no respect for
them in his heart, and he does not recognize any difference between them and the
common people.

4. This shows what high position the person of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
occupies in Islam. No one, whatever his rank and status, has a position so that his
unmannerly behavior towards the Prophet (peace be upon him), would not deserve
in the sight of Allah the same punishment as the punishment for disbelief. In
respect of ordinary people, it is at the most a sort of an uncivilized conduct, but in
respect of the Prophet (peace be upon him) a little lack of respect is such a serious
sin as can destroy all the services of one’s lifetime. For the reverence of the
Prophet (peace be upon him) is indeed reverence of that God Who has sent him as
His Messenger and lack of reverence for him amounts to lack of reverence of God
Himself.
‫هّٰللا‬ ٓ ٰ ُ‫صواتَهۡـُم ع ۡن َد رس ُۡول هّٰللا ا‬
ِ ‫ولـِئكَ الَّ ِذ ۡينَ امۡ تَ َحنَ ُ قُلُ ۡوبَهۡـُم لِلتَّ ۡق ٰوىؕ لَهُمۡ َّم ۡغفِ َرةٌ َّواَ ۡج ٌـر ع‬
‫َظ ۡي ٌم‬ ِ ِ َ ِ َ ۡ َ‫اِ َّن الَّ ِذ ۡينَ يَ ُغضُّ ۡونَ ا‬
(49:3) The ones who lower their voices in the presence of the Messenger of Allah
are those whose hearts Allah has tested for God-fearing.5 Theirs shall be
forgiveness and a great reward.

5. That is, only those people give due reverence to the Messenger (peace be upon
him) of Allah, who have passed successfully through the tests and trials set by
Allah and proved by their dedication that their hearts indeed possess taqwa (piety).
From this, it follows automatically that the heart which is empty of reverence for
the Prophet (peace be upon him) is, in fact, devoid of taqwa, and a person’s raising
his voice louder than the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) is not only an uncivilized
act apparently but also a sign of the absence of taqwa in his heart.