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MATH035 Module 1 Reviewer

Patterns exist throughout nature and the world, both visually in symmetry and fractals, and mathematically in circadian rhythms, weather patterns, and DNA sequences. Mathematics can be used to find, represent, and interpret these patterns, helping us understand nature and predict uncertainties. Key concepts in mathematics include sets, logic, and symbolic language using numbers, variables, and operations. Mathematicians seek to organize both regular and irregular patterns through curiosity, seeking patterns, and a willingness to solve problems and face new questions.

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24 views

MATH035 Module 1 Reviewer

Patterns exist throughout nature and the world, both visually in symmetry and fractals, and mathematically in circadian rhythms, weather patterns, and DNA sequences. Mathematics can be used to find, represent, and interpret these patterns, helping us understand nature and predict uncertainties. Key concepts in mathematics include sets, logic, and symbolic language using numbers, variables, and operations. Mathematicians seek to organize both regular and irregular patterns through curiosity, seeking patterns, and a willingness to solve problems and face new questions.

Uploaded by

rain
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD

Patterns in Nature Mathematical Pattern


o symmetry, trees/fractal, spirals, tessellations, o circadian rhythm, Rubik’s cube, weather
cracks, stripe pattern, meander, wave, and patterns, binary digits, bar codes, DNA
foam
Find patterns - Represent Patterns - Interpret Patterns
Mathematics can be seen in: Math is done with:
o nature, daily routine, people and communities, o curiosity
events o penchant for seeking patterns and generalities
o a desire to know the truth
Mathematics help us:
o trial and error
o unravel the puzzles of nature, a useful way to
o without fear of facing more questions and
think about nature
problems to solve
o organize patterns and regularities as well as
o with tenacity (willingness to keep working)
irregularities
o predict some uncertainties
o control weather, epidemics
o provide tools for calculations
o provides new questions to think about
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE AND GOLDEN RATIO
Leonardo Bonacci – said to be the inventor of the Fibonacci sequence.
Golden Ratio Binet’s Formula

o The number of compositions of 1s and 2s that


sum up n is the Fibonacci number Fn+1
o The number of binary strings of length n without
consecutive 1s is the Fibonacci number Fn+2

MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS


Context - this is the context in which we are working, Mathematical convention – a fact, name, notation,
or the particular topics being studied or usage which is generally agreed upon by
mathematicians.
Convention - where mathematicians and scientists
have decided that particular symbols will have Symbolic Assertions – a complete statement that
particular meaning stands alone as a sentence (e.g., x>0)
Mathematical Language Symbolic Statement – a symbolic assertion without
o Numbers: 0, 1, 2, … variables. It is either true or false. (e.g., 2+3=7)
o Operation symbols: +, -, *, ÷
Symbolic Term – a symbolic expression that refers
o Relation symbols: =, ≠, <, ≤, >, ≥
to some mathematical object. (e.g., 5^2 is a ST of 25)
o Grouping symbols: ( ), [ ], { }
o Variables: x, y, n, A, V
SETS
Cardinality refers to the number of elements in a set.
|A| or n(A) represent the cardinality of Set A
John Venn – introduced Venn diagram
Power set is the set of all subsets of another set.
The number of elements in a power set is 2n.
A ⊕ B is the set of elements which are in either of
the sets A and B, but not in their intersection
LOGIC PROPOSITION AND TRUTH VALUES
o Logic - a reasoning conducted or assessed Logical Connectives
according to strict principles of validity.
o Axiom/postulate – a statement that is taken to
be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for
further reasoning and arguments.
o Statement – something that you say or write to
express an opinion or fact.
o Proposition (or statement) – a declarative
statement which is true or false, but not both.
o Truth Value – attribute assigned to a
proposition and has two possible values,
True (T or 1) and False (F or 0)

Negation Conjunction Disjunction

Exclusive-Or Conditional Bi-conditional

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