Designation: C 506 – 08a

Standard Specification for

Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer
Pipe1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 506; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates

1.1 This specification covers reinforced arch-shaped con- C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
crete pipe to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts. crete
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to C 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
C 506M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the pounds for Curing Concrete
specification. C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica- C 497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sec-
tion only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
tions, or Tile [Metric]
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements Products
with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace
site.
Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
2. Referenced Documents C 1017/C 1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures
for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel C 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and
A 82/A 82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Con- Shotcrete
crete Reinforcement 3. Terminology
A 185/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to con-
forcement, Plain, for Concrete
crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.
A 496/A 496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for
Concrete Reinforcement 4. Classification
A 497/A 497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall
forcement, Deformed, for Concrete
be of three classes identified as Class A-II, A-III, and A-IV. The
A 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and Plain
strength requirements are prescribed in Table 1.
Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De- 5. Basis of Acceptance
formed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
5.1 Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of,
or before placing an order, there are two separate and alterna-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on tive bases of acceptance. Independent of the method of
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on acceptance, the pipe shall be designed to meet both the 0.01-in.
Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe. crack and ultimate strength requirements.
Current edition approved April 15, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 506 – 08.
5.1.1 Acceptance on Basis of Plant Load Bearing Tests,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Visual
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Defects and Imperfections—Acceptability of the pipe in all
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2,
the ASTM website.

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 C 506 – 08a
TABLE 1 Strength Requirements for Reinforced Concrete PipeA
Double Line ReinforcementC
f 8c,B MPA Continuous Basic
Approx- Additional Reinforcement = AsD Single Line
Mini- Mini- Reinforcement = AsD
imate Reinforcement
T, mum mum “U” “V”
Equivalent Class Inner Cage Outer Cage
in. Rise, Span, (Inner Cage) (Outer Cage)
Round
in. in.
Size, in. Dimen- Dimen-
A-II A-III A-IV A-II A-III A-IV A-II A-III A-IV sion, A-II A-III A-IV sion, A-II A-III A-IV A-II A-III A-IV
in. in.
15 21⁄4 11 18 4 4 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.08 0.12 0.17
18 21⁄2 131⁄2 22 4 4 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.11 0.14 0.26
21 23⁄8 151⁄2 26 4 4 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.13 0.17 0.29
24 3 18 281⁄2 4 4 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.16 0.22 0.32
30 31⁄2 221⁄2 361⁄4 4 4 4 0.09 0.12 0.18 0.07 0.09 0.14 26 0.09 0.12 0.18 29 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.18 0.24 0.36
36 4 265⁄8 433⁄8 4 4 4 0.11 0.15 0.22 0.09 0.12 0.17 30 0.11 0.15 0.22 34 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.22 0.30 0.44
42 41⁄2 315⁄16 511⁄8 4 4 4 0.13 0.18 0.27 0.10 0.14 0.21 34 0.13 0.18 0.27 39 0.10 0.14 0.22 0.26 0.36 0.54
48 5 36 581⁄2 4 4 ... 0.15 0.22 ... 0.12 0.17 ... 42 0.15 0.22 ... 43 0.12 0.17 ... 0.30 0.44 ...
54 51⁄2 40 65 4 4 ... 0.18 0.24 ... 0.14 0.19 ... 48 0.18 0.24 ... 49 0.14 0.19 ... 0.36 0.48 ...
60 6 45 73 4 4 ... 0.21 0.28 ... 0.17 0.22 ... 52 0.21 0.28 ... 55 0.17 0.22 ... 0.42 0.56 ...
72 7 54 88 4 5 ... 0.26 0.36 ... 0.20 0.28 ... 60 0.26 0.36 ... 67 0.20 0.28 ... 0.52 0.72 ...
84 8 62 102 4 5 ... 0.32 0.44 ... 0.24 0.34 ... 68 0.32 0.44 ... 77 0.24 0.34 ... 0.64 0.88 ...
90 8 ⁄2 72
1 115 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
96 9 771⁄2 122 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
108 10 871⁄8 138 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
120 11 967⁄8 154 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
132 10 1061⁄2 1683⁄4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
D-Loads for 3-Edge-Bearing Method

Class 0.01-in. Ultimate

Crack

II 1000 1500

III 1350 2000

IV 2000 3000

Note—Test load in pounds per linear foot

equals D-load 3 inside span in feet.

A
For modified or special designs, see 7.3.
B
f 8c, ksi = minimum compressive strength of concrete in thousands of pounds-force per square inch.
C
As an alternative to designs requiring double line reinforcement, the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned so that the total reinforcement of the inner cage
plus the middle cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage continuous basic reinforcement, and the additional reinforcement “U ” and the total
reinforcement of the outer cage plus the middle cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage continuous basic reinforcement and the additional reinforcement
“V.”
D
As = circumferential steel area in square inches per longitudinal foot of pipe barrel in each continuous basic cage and additional cages in area denoted “U ” and “V.”
Dimensions “U ” and “V ” are measured on the center line of the culvert wall.

shall be determined by the results of the three-edge-bearing 5.1.3 When agreed upon by the owner and the manufacturer,
tests as defined in 11.3.1; by such material tests as are required any portion or any combination of the tests itemized in 5.1.1 or
in accordance with 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, and 6.6, by an absorption test 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance.
of the concrete from the wall of the pipe for each mix design 5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for
that is used on an order; and by visual inspection of the finished acceptance when they conform to the requirements as indicated
pipe to determine its conformance with the accepted design and by the specified tests.
its freedom from defects.
5.1.2 Acceptance on Basis of Material Tests and Inspection 6. Materials
of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and Imperfections— 6.1 The aggregate shall be so sized, graded, proportioned,
Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced and mixed with such proportions of portland cement, blended
in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined by the results hydraulic cement, or portland cement and supplementary
of such material tests as are required in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, and 6.6; cementing materials, or admixtures, or a combination thereof,
by crushing tests on concrete cores or cured concrete cylinders; if used, and water to produce a homogeneous concrete mixture
by an absorption test of the concrete from the wall of the pipe of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design
for each mix design that is used on an order; and by inspection requirements of this specification. In no case, however, shall
of the finished pipe, including amount and placement of the proportion of portland cement, blended hydraulic cement,
reinforcement, to determine its conformance with the accepted or a combination of portland cement and supplementary
design and its freedom from defects. cementing materials be less than 470 lb/yd3.

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 C 506 – 08a
6.2 Cementitious Materials: 6.4 Admixtures and Blends—The following admixtures and
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements blends are allowable:
of Specification C 150, or shall be portland blast-furnace slag 6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification
cement, or slag modified portland cement, or portland- C 260;
pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specifica- 6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification
tion C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP C 494/C 494M;
portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash. 6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing
6.2.2 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)— concrete conforming to Specification C 1017/C 1017M; and
GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
of Specification C 989. 6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of
6.2.3 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of wire conforming to Specification A 82/A 82M or Specification
Class F or Class C of Specification C 618. A 496/A 496M; or of wire reinforcement conforming to Speci-
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials— fication A 185/A 185M or Specification A 497/A 497M; or of
The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete bars conforming to Specification A 36/A 36M, Specification
shall be one of the following: A 615/A 615M Grade 40 or 60, or Specification A 706/
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only, A 706M Grade 60.
6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only, 6.6 Synthetic Fibers—Collated fibrillated virgin polypropy-
6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only, lene fibers may be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in
6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only, concrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and ground Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifi-
granulated blast-furnace slag, cally for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and fly ash, or Specification C 1116 shall be accepted.
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, ground granu-
lated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total 7. Design
cementitious weight) and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the 7.1 Size and Dimensions—The standard sizes of arch pipe
total cementitious weight. are listed in Table 1. The internal dimensions for each standard
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification size shall be as defined in Fig. 1, subject to the permissible
C 33 except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply. variations of Section 12.

A 5 Rise 2 R2

B 5 A 1 =~R2 2 R3!2 2 C2

Span
C5 2 R3
2

Approximate
Equivalent Water
Rise, in. Span, in. A, in. B, in. C, in. R1, in. R2, in. R3, in.
Round Area, ft2
Size, in.
15 1.1 11 18 3⁄ 8 411⁄16 431⁄32 227⁄8 105⁄8 41⁄32
18 1.65 131⁄2 22 −1⁄4 6 5 3⁄ 4 271⁄2 133⁄4 5 1⁄ 4
21 2.2 151⁄2 26 3⁄ 4 6 1⁄ 4 7 3⁄ 4 351⁄2 143⁄4 5 1⁄ 4
24 2.8 18 281⁄2 37⁄16 529⁄32 921⁄32 4011⁄16 149⁄16 419⁄32
30 4.4 221⁄2 361⁄4 3 3⁄ 4 711⁄16 123⁄32 51 183⁄4 61⁄32
36 6.4 265⁄8 433⁄4 4 1⁄ 8 89⁄16 151⁄2 62 221⁄2 6 3⁄ 8
42 8.8 315⁄16 511⁄8 51⁄16 101⁄16 18 73 261⁄4 79⁄16
48 11.4 36 581⁄2 6 1119⁄32 201⁄2 84 30 83⁄4
54 14.3 40 65 65⁄8 13 2211⁄16 921⁄2 333⁄8 913⁄16
60 17.7 45 73 71⁄2 1411⁄16 259⁄32 105 371⁄2 117⁄32
72 25.6 54 88 9 17 317⁄16 126 45 129⁄16
84 34.6 62 102 10 1821⁄32 371⁄32 1621⁄2 52 1331⁄32
90 44.5 72 115 13 2313⁄16 387⁄32 183 59 199⁄32
96 51.7 771⁄4 122 151⁄4 2411⁄32 4015⁄16 218 62 201⁄16
108 66.0 871⁄8 138 171⁄8 2627⁄32 465⁄8 269 70 223⁄8
120 81.8 967⁄8 154 187⁄8 297⁄32 53 3013⁄8 78 24
132 99.1 1061⁄2 1683⁄4 207⁄8 3215⁄16 571⁄2 329 855⁄8 267⁄8

FIG. 1 Cross-Sectional Shape of Arch Pipe

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 C 506 – 08a
7.2 Design Tables—The wall thickness, compressive 8.1.2 Where two lines of reinforcement of arch shape
strength of concrete, and the area of circumferential reinforce- corresponding to the contour of the pipe are used, each line
ment shall be as prescribed in Table 1, subject to the provisions shall be so placed that the covering of concrete over the
of 7.3 and Sections 11 and 12. reinforcement is 1 in.
7.2.1 Footnotes to the tables herein are intended to be 8.1.3 The location of the reinforcement shall be subject to
amplifications of the tabulated requirements and are to be the permissible variations in dimensions given in 12.5. Re-
considered applicable and binding as if they were contained in quirements for placement and protective covering of the
the body of the specification. concrete from the inner or outer surface of the pipe do not
7.3 Modified and Special Designs: apply to that portion of a cage which is flared so as to extend
into the bell or reduced in diameter so as to extend into the
7.3.1 If permitted by the owner, the manufacturer may
spigot.
request approval by the owner of modified designs that differ
from the designs in this Section 7 or special designs for sizes 8.1.4 The spacing center to center of circumferential rein-
and loads beyond those shown in Table 1, or special designs for forcement in a cage shall not exceed 4 in. for pipe up to and
pipe sizes that do not have steel reinforcement areas shown in including pipe having a 4-in. wall thickness nor exceed the
Table 1. wall thickness for larger pipe, and shall in no case exceed 6 in.
8.1.5 The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing steel
7.3.2 Such modified or special designs shall be based on
shall not be destroyed during the manufacture of the pipe,
rational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength and
except that when agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes
cracking behavior of pipe and shall fully describe to the owner
may be provided in each pipe for the purpose of handling.
any deviations from the requirements of this Section 7. The
8.1.6 If splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be
descriptions of modified or special designs shall include the
lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars and
wall thickness, the concrete strength, and the area, type,
deformed cold-worked wire, and 40 diameters for plain bars
placement, number of layers, and strength of the steel rein-
and cold-drawn wire. In addition, where lapped cages of
forcement.
welded-wire fabric are used without welding, the lap shall
7.3.3 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner proof of contain a longitudinal wire.
the adequacy of the proposed modified or special design. Such 8.1.6.1 When splices are welded and are not lapped to the
proof may comprise the submission of certified three-edge- minimum requirements above, pull tests of representative
bearing tests already made, which are acceptable to the owner specimens shall develop at least 50 % of the minimum speci-
or, if such three-edge-bearing tests are not available or accept- fied strength of the steel and there shall be a minimum lap of
able, the manufacturer may be required to perform proof tests 2 in. For butt-welded splices in bars or wire, permitted only
on sizes and classes selected by the owner to demonstrate the with helically wound cages, pull tests of representative speci-
adequacy of the proposed design. mens shall develop at least 75 % of the minimum specified
7.3.4 Such pipe must meet all of the test and performance strength of the steel.
requirements specified by the owner in accordance with 8.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement—Each line of circumferen-
Section 5. tial reinforcement shall be assembled into a cage that shall
7.4 Area—In this specification, when the word area is not contain sufficient longitudinal bars or members, to maintain the
described by adjectives, such as cross-section or single wire, it reinforcement in shape and in position within the form to
shall be understood to be the cross-sectional area of reinforce- comply with permissible variations in 8.1. The exposure of the
ment per unit lengths of pipe. ends of longitudinals, stirrups, or spacers that have been used
to position the cages during the placement of the concrete shall
8. Reinforcement not be a cause for rejection.
8.1 Circumferential Reinforcement—A line of circumferen- 8.3 Joint Reinforcement—In all pipe 36 in. or larger in
tial reinforcement for any given total area may be composed of diameter either the bell or the spigot of the joint shall contain
two layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of less than 7 in. or circumferential reinforcement.
three layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of 7 in. or greater. 8.3.1 For single-cage pipe, joint reinforcement shall be at
The layers shall not be separated by more than the thickness of least equal in area to that required for an equivalent length of
one longitudinal plus 1⁄4 in. The multiple layers shall be pipe wall.
fastened together to form a single cage. All other specification 8.3.2 For double-cage and triple-cage pipe, joint reinforce-
requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement ment shall be at least equal in area to that required for an
in the wall of the pipe, etc., shall apply to this method of equivalent length of the outer circular cage if placed in the bell,
fabricating a line of reinforcement. or at least equal in area to that required for an equivalent length
8.1.1 Where one line of reinforcement is used, it shall be of the inner circular cage if placed in the spigot.
placed so that the cover of the concrete over the circumferential
reinforcement at the vertical and horizontal diameters of the 9. Joints
pipe is 1 in. from the inside and outside surfaces of the pipe, 9.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
except for wall thicknesses less than 21⁄2 in., the protective concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid
cover of the concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the
the wall of the pipe shall be 3⁄8 in. permissible variations given in Section 12.

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 C 506 – 08a
10. Manufacture of not more than three sections of pipe covering each size in
10.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, pro- which he is interested.
portioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious 11.2.2 Additional Tests— After the preliminary tests de-
materials and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete scribed in 11.2.1, an owner shall be entitled to additional tests
mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test at such times as the owner may deem necessary, provided that
and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall the total number of pipe tested (including preliminary tests)
have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 shall not exceed one pipe or 1 %, whichever is the greater, of
by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 each size of pipe delivered.
and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470 11.3 External Load Crushing Strength:
lb/yd3 unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials 11.3.1 The load required to produce a 0.01-in. crack or the
content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the ultimate load, as determined by the three-edge-bearing method
pipe meet the requirements of this specification. described in Test Methods C 497M shall be not less than that
prescribed in Table 1 for each respective class of pipe. Pipe that
10.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the
have been tested only to the formation of a 0.01-in. crack and
methods of curing described in 10.2.1-10.2.4, or to any other
that meet the 0.01-in. crack load requirements shall be accepted
method or combination of methods approved by the owner, that
for use.
will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a
sufficient length of time so that the specified D-load is obtained NOTE 2—As used in this specification, the 0.01-in. crack is a test
when acceptance is based on 5.1.1 or so that the concrete will criterion for pipe under load in a three-edge-bearing test and is not
develop the specified compressive strength at 28 days or less intended as an indication of overstressed or failed pipe under installed
conditions.
when acceptance is based on 5.1.2.
10.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe may be placed in a curing 11.3.2 Retests of Pipe Not Meeting the External Load
chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist Crushing Strength Requirements—Pipe shall be considered as
atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time meeting the strength requirements when all test specimens
and such temperature as may be needed to enable the pipe to conform to the strength requirements. Should any of the test
meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so specimens fail to meet the strength requirements, the manufac-
constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the turer shall be allowed a retest on two additional specimens for
entire pipe. each specimen that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only
10.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe may be water-cured when all of the retest specimens meet the strength require-
by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of ments.
perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any
other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the CONCRETE TESTING
specified curing period. 11.4 Type of Specimen—Compression tests determining
10.2.3 The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the concrete compressive strength may be made on either standard
methods described in 10.2.1-10.2.4 as long as the required rodded concrete cylinders or concrete cylinders compacted and
concrete compressive strength is attained. cured in like manner as the pipe, or on cores drilled from the
10.2.4 A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements pipe.
of Specification C 309 may be applied and should be left intact 11.5 Compression Testing of Cylinders:
until the required strength requirements are met. The concrete 11.5.1 Cylinder Production—Cylinders shall be prepared in
at the time of application shall be within 10°F of the atmo- accordance with Section 11 of Test Methods C 497M.
spheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to 11.5.2 Number of Cylinders—Prepare no fewer than five
the application of the compounds and shall be damp when the test cylinders from a group (one day’s production) of pipe
compound is applied. sections.
11.5.3 Acceptability on the Basis of Cylinder Test Results:
11. Physical Requirements 11.5.3.1 When the compressive strengths of all cylinders
tested for a group are equal to or greater than the required
11.1 Test Specimens—The specified number of pipe re- concrete strength, the compressive strength of concrete in the
quired for the tests shall be furnished without charge by the group of pipe sections shall be accepted.
manufacturer, shall be selected at random by the owner, and 11.5.3.2 When the average compressive strength of all
shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this cylinders tested is equal to or greater than the required concrete
specification. The selection shall be made at the point or points strength, and not more than 10 % of the cylinder tested have a
designated by the owner when placing the order. compressive strength less than the required concrete strength,
11.2 Number and Type of Test Required for Various Delivery and no cylinder tested has a compressive strength less than
Schedules: 80% of the required concrete strength, then the group shall be
11.2.1 Preliminary Tests for Extended Delivery accepted.
Schedules—An owner of pipe, whose needs require shipments 11.5.3.3 When the compressive strength of the cylinders
at intervals over extended periods of time, shall be entitled to tested does not conform to the acceptance criteria stated in
such tests, preliminary to delivery of pipe as are required by the 11.5.3.1 or 11.5.3.2, the acceptability of the group shall be
type of basis of acceptance specified by the owner in Section 5, determined in accordance with the provisions of 11.6.

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 C 506 – 08a
11.6 Compression Testing of Cores: 12. Permissible Variations
11.6.1 Obtaining Cores—Cores shall be obtained and pre- 12.1 Internal Dimensions—The internal dimensions of arch
pared in accordance with Section 6 of Test Methods C 497M. pipe shall not vary more than 62 % from the internal dimen-
11.6.2 Number of Cores—One core shall be taken from a sions shown in Fig. 1. Variation shall be normally determined
pipe section selected at random from each day’s production run by measuring the span and rise. When measurement of other
of a single concrete strength. dimensions is necessary, templates constructed to maximum
11.7 Acceptability on the Basis of Core Test Results: and minimum sizes shall be used.
11.7.1 When the compressive strength of a core tested for a 12.2 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary
group of pipe sections is equal to or greater than the required more than shown in the design or specified wall by more than
concrete strength, the compressive strength of the concrete for 65 % or 3⁄16 in., whichever is greater. A specified wall
the group is acceptable. thickness that is more than required in the design is not cause
11.7.2 If the compressive strength of the core tested is less for rejection. Pipe having localized variations in wall thickness
than the required concrete strength, two additional cores shall exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the
be taken from the pipe section and tested. Concrete represented three-edge-bearing strength and minimum steel cover require-
by these three core tests shall be considered acceptable if: (1) ments are met.
the average of the three core strengths is equal to at least 85 %
12.3 Length of Two Opposite Sides—Variations in the lay-
of the required strength and (2) no single core is less than 75%
ing length of two opposite sides of the pipe shall not be more
of the required strength.
than 1⁄4 in. for all sizes through 24-in. internal equivalent
11.7.3 If the compressive strength of the three cores does diameter, and not more than 1⁄8 in./ft of internal equivalent
not meet the requirements of 11.7.2, the pipe from which the
diameter for all sizes larger with a maximum of 5⁄8 in. in any
cores were taken shall be rejected. Two pipe sections from the
length of pipe through 84-in. internal equivalent diameter, and
remainder of the group shall be selected at random and cored
a maximum of 3⁄4 in. for 90-in. internal equivalent diameter or
and tested for conformance with either 11.7.1 or 11.7.2. If both
larger, except where beveled-end pipe for laying on curves is
pipe sections meet the core strength requirements of either
specified by the owner.
11.7.1 or 11.7.2, the remainder of the group shall be acceptable.
If both pipe do not meet the test strength requirement, the 12.4 Length of Pipe— The underrun in length of a section of
remainder of the group shall be either rejected or, at the option pipe shall be not more than 1⁄8 in./ft with a maximum of 1⁄2 in.
of the manufacturer, each pipe section of the remaining group in any length of pipe.
shall be cored and accepted individually and any of the pipe 12.5 Position or Area of Reinforcement:
sections that have core strengths less than the requirements of 12.5.1 Position—The maximum variation in the position of
11.7.1 or 11.7.2 shall be rejected. a line of circumferential reinforcement shall be 610 % of the
11.8 Plugging Core Holes—Core holes shall be plugged wall or 61⁄2 in., whichever is the greater. Pipes having
and sealed by the manufacturer in a manner such that the pipe variations in the position of a line of circumferential reinforce-
section will meet all of the requirements of this specification. ment exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the
Pipe sections so plugged and sealed shall be considered three-edge-bearing strength requirements obtained on a repre-
satisfactory for use. sentative specimen are met. In no case, however, shall the
11.9 Absorption—The absorption of a sample from the wall cover over the circumferential reinforcement be less than 1⁄2 in.
of the pipe, as determined in accordance with Test Methods The preceding minimum cover limitation does not apply to the
C 497M, shall not exceed 9 % of the dry mass for Method A or mating surfaces of the joint.
8.5 % for Method B. Each Method A sample shall have a 12.5.2 Area of Reinforcement—Reinforcement will be con-
minimum mass of 1.0 kg, shall be free of visible cracks, and sidered as meeting the design requirements if the area, com-
shall represent the full wall thickness of the pipe. When the puted on the basis of nominal area of the wire or bars used,
initial absorption sample from a pipe fails to conform to this equals or exceeds the requirements of 7.2 or 7.3. Actual area of
specification, the absorption test shall be made on another the reinforcing used may vary from the nominal area according
sample from the same pipe and the results of the retest shall be to permissible variations of the standard specifications for the
substituted for the original test results. reinforcing.
11.10 Retests of Pipe—When not more than 20 % of the
concrete specimens fail to pass the requirements of this 13. Repairs
specification, the manufacturer may cull the project stock and
may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe desired and shall mark 13.1 Pipe may be repaired, if necessary, because of imper-
those pipe so that they will not be shipped. The required tests fections in manufacture or damage during handling and will be
shall be made on the balance of the order and the pipe shall be acceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the repaired pipe
accepted if they conform to the requirements of this specifica- conforms to the requirements of this specification.
tion.
14. Inspection
11.11 Test Equipment—Every manufacturer furnishing pipe
under this specification shall furnish all facilities and personnel 14.1 The quality of materials, the process of manufacture,
necessary to carry out the tests described in Test Methods and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and
C 497M. approval by the owner.

6
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 C 506 – 08a
15. Rejection 15.1.5 Any continuous crack having a surface width of 0.01
15.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection on account of failure in. or more and extending for a length of 12 in. or more,
to conform to any of the specification requirements. Individual regardless of position in the wall of the pipe. See Note 2.
sections of pipe may be rejected because of any of the
following: 16. Product Marking
15.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall, except 16.1 The following information shall be legibly marked on
for a single end crack that does not exceed the depth of the each section of pipe:
joint, 16.1.1 The pipe class and specification designation,
15.1.2 Defects that indicate mixing and molding, not in 16.1.2 The date of manufacture,
compliance with 10.1, or surface defects indicating honey- 16.1.3 The name or trademark of the manufacturer, and
combed or open texture that would adversely affect the 16.1.4 Identification of plant.
function of the pipe. 16.2 Markings shall be indented on the pipe section or
15.1.3 The ends of the pipe are not normal to the walls and painted thereon with waterproof paint.
center line of the pipe, within the limits of variations given in
12.3 and 12.4. 17. Keywords
15.1.4 Damaged or cracked ends, where such damage 17.1 arch pipe; culvert; D-load; reinforced concrete; sewer
would prevent making a satisfactory joint, and pipe; storm drain

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7
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Thu Apr 16 07:33:34 EDT 2009
Downloaded/printed by
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