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Well Test - Type Curves Week 06

The document discusses different type of type curves used to interpret well tests, focusing on Gringarten type curves. It describes how Gringarten type curves are constructed using analytical models and presented in dimensionless variables. The document outlines the procedure for matching pressure buildup or drawdown data to type curves to determine reservoir properties like permeability and skin factor. It also addresses how to handle buildup data using equivalent time or Agarwal's method when production time is short.

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Anggara Siregar
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37 views20 pages

Well Test - Type Curves Week 06

The document discusses different type of type curves used to interpret well tests, focusing on Gringarten type curves. It describes how Gringarten type curves are constructed using analytical models and presented in dimensionless variables. The document outlines the procedure for matching pressure buildup or drawdown data to type curves to determine reservoir properties like permeability and skin factor. It also addresses how to handle buildup data using equivalent time or Agarwal's method when production time is short.

Uploaded by

Anggara Siregar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Well 

Test Interpretation
SKM4323

TYPE CURVES

Azmi Mohd Arshad


Department of Petroleum Engineering
WEEK 06
Introduction
• Type curves first appeared in oil industry literature 
in the seventies.
• Several kinds, as listed below, are used to interpret 
a test in a vertical well with a infinite homogeneous 
reservoir:
– Agarwal et al. type curves;
– McKinley type curves;
– Earlougher and Kersch type curves;
– Gringarten et al. type curves.
• Gringarten et al. curves are the most complete and 
practical to use. They are also the most widely used 
in oil industry literature.
Gringarten Type Curves
• A type curve represents the variations in pressure 
versus time for a specified reservoir‐well 
configuration.
• It is calculated using an analytic model and 
expressed in dimensionless variables.
• The analytic model used by Gringarten to describe a 
vertical well in an infinite homogeneous reservoir is 
discussed by F. Daviau (1986).
Gringarten Type Curves…/2
Gringarten Type Curves…/3
Procedure
• Plot the measured pressure drop Δp versus Δt on tracing 
paper lying on the type curves, using the log‐log scale of the 
type curves.
• Look for the portion of an underlying type curves matching 
the data best. Only translation are allowed during this step, 
keeping the two grids parallel.
• Note the specifications of the type curve where the measured 
points match; they correspond to value of CDexp(2S).
• Pick a match point, M, whose coordinates can be read in both 
the type curve system of axes (pD, tD/CD) as well as in the field 
data system (Δp, Δt). The point M can be chosen anywhere on 
the plot, not necessarily on the curve.
Gringarten Type Curves…/4
Gringarten Type Curves…/5
Gringarten Type Curves…/6
Gringarten Type Curves…/7
Interpretation
• The ordinate of the match point is measured:
– in the type curve system of axes: pD
– in the field data system of axes: Δp.
kh
As: pD = Δp (in practical US units)
141.2 qBμ

• The proportionality factor between pD and Δp can be used to 


determine the reservoir’s kh:

(p D ) M
kh = 141.2 qBμ (5.4)
(Δp) M
Gringarten Type Curves…/8
Interpretation
• In the same way the abscissa of the match point, M, is measured in the type 
curve system of axes, tD/CD and in the field data system of axes: Δt..

0.000295 kh
t D /C D = Δt (in practical US units) (5.5)
μC
As kh is already determined

• The proportionality factor between tD/CD and Δt can be used to calculate C, 


the wellbore storage:

0.000295 kh (Δt) M
C= (5.6)
μ (t D /C D ) M
Gringarten Type Curves…/9
Interpretation
• The type curve where the data have been matched is 
characterized by CDexp(2S).

CD is then calculated:
0.89 C
CD = (in practical US units) (5.7)
hφ c t rw2
• The value of CDexp(2S) is used to determine the skin:

1 (C D exp (2S))
S = ln (5.8)
2 CD
Gringarten Type Curves…/10
Using Type Curves During Buildup
• Type curves were established for constant flow rate 
production (drawdown).
• The curves can be used directly to analyze buildup if:
– Δt << tp after constant flow rate;
– Δt << tp(n‐1) after a multirate history
tp(n‐1) duration of the last production
period before shut‐in.
• These conditions are the same as for using MDH method.
• If these conditions do not exist, using the types directly may 
lead to inaccurate results.
Gringarten Type Curves…/11
Gringarten Type Curves…/12
Using Type Curves During Buildup
• The effect of short production time can be seen in a 
flattening out of the type curve, the buildup curve 
under the drawdown type curve.
• Attempting to force a match between the buildup 
data points and a drawdown curve would result in a 
type curve located too high on the set of curves and 
therefore in inaccurate results.
Gringarten Type Curves…/13
Using Type Curves During Buildup
• The most useful method of using drawdown type curves 
for buildup is Agarwal’s method. It consists in plotting 
each measurement versus an equivalent time, Δte as 
defined below instead of versus Δt:

Δt
Δt e =
Δt (5.9)
1+
tp

• The equivalent time is very close to Δt for Δt values that 
are small compared to production time.
Gringarten Type Curves…/14
Using Type Curves During Buildup
• The buildup measured 
points plotted versus 
Δte are located on a 
drawdown curve and 
the flattening effect of 
buildup disappears.
• F. Daviau indicates that 
Agarwal’s method can 
be used for buildup 
provided that the semi‐
log straight line was 
reached during the 
previous drawdown 
period.
Example 6

(In‐class workshop)
‐ Drawdown ‐
Example 7

(In‐class workshop)
‐ Buildup ‐
References
1. Bourdarot, Gilles : Well Testing: Interpretation 
Methods, Éditions Technip, 1998.
2. Internet.

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