Functions: Purok 4, Irisan, Baguio City

Educare College, Inc.
General Mathematics
Purok 4, Irisan, Baguio City Self-Learning Module
Functions
CORE 003
Grade 11
First Semester
Quarter 1
Week 2-3
(August 29-31 to September 4-8, 2023)
AGELLE C. BAYASEN, LPT

Course Facilitator
Page 1 of 6
Educare College, Inc. General Mathematics
Objectives:
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. recall the concepts of relations and functions;
2. define and explain functional relationship as a mathematical model of
situation; and
3. represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise
function.
Discussion:
Relation
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a relation
is the set of first coordinates. The range is the set of second
coordinates.
The list and the set of ordered pairs below show the same relation. Each
letter is paired with a number.
Letter Number
I 4
L 5
O 6
V 8
E 3
M 6
A 2
T 8
H 4
I, 4 , L, 5 , O, 6 , V, 8 , E, 3 , M, 6 , A, 2 , T, 8 , H, 4
The domain is {I, L, O, V, E, M, A, T, H} and the range is {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}.

Note that for each letter there corresponds exactly one number. This is a
special kind of relation called function.
Function
A function is a relation in which each element of the domain
corresponds to exactly one element of the range.
Page 2 of 6
The members of the domain can be called inputs and the members of the
range can be called outputs. Arrows can be used to describe correspondence in
the function.
I, 4 , L, 5 , O, 6 , V, 8 , E, 3 , M, 6 , A, 2 , T, 8 , H, 4
This relation is a function, since each element in the

domain {I, L, O, V, E, M, A, T, H} is assigned to one
element in the range. Even though the range element 4
is assigned to two elements in the domain, I and H, it is
still a function since each element of the domain is
assigned to only one element of the range.
On the other hand, relations H and I below are not functions.
Here are the ways to represent or describe functions.
1. Set of ordered pairs 4. Graph
1, 2 , 2, 5 , 3, 10 , 4, 17
2. Mapping diagram
3. Table of values 5. Equation
Input, x 1 2 3 4 𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 1
Output, y 2 5 10 17
Page 3 of 6
Not every graph in the rectangular coordinate system represents a

function. The vertical line test is the simplest way of determining whether or
not a graph represents a function.
Vertical Line Test
A graph represents a function if and only if no vertical line

intersects the graph in more than one point.
Thus, y is a
function of x.
Thus, y is a not
function of x. Two
values of y
correspond to an
x-value.
Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations
Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an

appropriate functional model will lead to a better understanding of various
phenomena.
Function can be illustrated as a

machine where there is the input and the
output. When you put an object into a
machine, you expect a product as a output
after the process being done by the machine.
For example, when you put an orange fruit
into a juicer, you expect an orange juice as
the output and not a grape juice. Or you will
never expect to have two kinds of juices – Function Machine
orange and grapes.
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Examples:
1. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one
meal costs P40.
Answer:
Since each meal costs P40, then the cost function is
𝐶 𝑥 = 40𝑥.
2. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that can represent
the height of a person in a age, if every year the height is added by 2
inches.
3. Give a function B that can represent the amount of battery charge of a

cellular phone in h hour, if 12% of battery was loss every hour.
4. Squares of side a are cut from each corner of a 8 in x 6 in rectangle, so

that its sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Represent a
function in terms of a that can define the volume of the box.
5. A user is charged P250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which

includes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged
P1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the
function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
Page 5 of 6
Piecewise Function
A piecewise function is a function in which more than one

formula is used to define the output. Each formula has its own
domain, and the domain of the function is the union of all these
smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 1
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 2
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 3
6. A certain chocolate bar costs P50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more
than 5 pieces, they will mark down the price to P48.00 per piece. Use a
piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of
chocolate bars bought.
Answer: The piecewise function is

50𝑛 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 5
𝑓 𝑛 = .
48𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 5
𝑓 𝑛 = 50𝑛 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 5 is for buying 5 chocolate bars or less and
𝑓 𝑛 = 48𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 5 for buying more than 5 chocolate bars.
7. You are a crew at a convenience store that pays an hourly wage of

₱45.00 and 1.5 times the hourly wage for the extra hours if you work for
more than 40 hours a week. Write a piecewise function that gives weekly
pay P in terms of the number of hours h you work.
Answer:
For up to 40 hours, your pay is given by 45h.
For over 40 hours, your pay is given by:
45 40 + 1.5 45 ℎ − 40
= 1800 + 67.5(ℎ − 40)
= 1800 + 67.5ℎ − 2700
= 67.5ℎ − 900
Thus, the piecewise function is:

45ℎ 𝑖𝑓 0 ≤ ℎ ≤ 40
𝑃 ℎ =
67.5ℎ − 900 𝑖𝑓 ℎ > 40
Page 6 of 6

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Educare College, Inc.

AGELLE C. BAYASEN, LPT

The domain is {I, L, O, V, E, M, A, T, H} and the range is {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}.

This relation is a function, since each element in the

On the other hand, relations H and I below are not functions.

Here are the ways to represent or describe functions.

1. Set of ordered pairs 4. Graph

3. Table of values 5. Equation

Not every graph in the rectangular coordinate system represents a

Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if no vertical line

Functions as Representation of Real-life Situations

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an

Function can be illustrated as a

3. Give a function B that can represent the amount of battery charge of a

4. Squares of side a are cut from each corner of a 8 in x 6 in rectangle, so

5. A user is charged P250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which

A piecewise function is a function in which more than one

Answer: The piecewise function is

7. You are a crew at a convenience store that pays an hourly wage of

Thus, the piecewise function is:

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