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Lab Report 6

1) This document describes a lab experiment involving Wheatstone bridges, delta-wye and wye-delta transformations. 2) The objectives are to use a Wheatstone bridge to find unknown resistances and experimentally verify delta-wye and wye-delta conversions. 3) Key tasks involve using a Wheatstone bridge to measure an unknown resistance, recording voltage and current measurements for delta and wye configurations, and answering questions about the circuits and conversions.

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Hamid kamran
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© © All Rights Reserved
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34 views

Lab Report 6

1) This document describes a lab experiment involving Wheatstone bridges, delta-wye and wye-delta transformations. 2) The objectives are to use a Wheatstone bridge to find unknown resistances and experimentally verify delta-wye and wye-delta conversions. 3) Key tasks involve using a Wheatstone bridge to measure an unknown resistance, recording voltage and current measurements for delta and wye configurations, and answering questions about the circuits and conversions.

Uploaded by

Hamid kamran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE121 Electric Circuit Analysis 1

Lab # 06: Wheatstone bridge, Delta to Wye & Wye to


Delta transformation.

Name Registration Number


Muhammad Abdul Moiz CIIT/FA22-BEE-122/ISB

Muhammad Abdullah CIIT/FA22-BEE-125/ISB

Muhammad Ali Aijaz Kiani CIIT/FA22-BEE-133/ISB

Class BEE-2C

Instructor Name Dr. Rizwan Azam

Lab Assessment

Post Lab Total


In-Lab Data
Data Analysis Writing Style
Presentation

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.


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INTRODUCTION
Wheatstone Bridge:

The Wheatstone bridge gives a precise method to measure resistance against a known standard.
Within a Wheatstone bridge, a comparative device measures two additional relative resistances
from two separate resistors. The relative resistance equals the lengths of a divided wire wound in
a coil of a potentiometer, a device allowing the manipulation of this resistance ration. Thus, the
Wheatstone bridge utilizes repetitive comparisons of potentials to find the potential settings. In
this experiment, a voltmeter is used as the null detector and is placed as shown in Fig. 1. The
Wheatstone bridge achieves balance when the following condition is satisfied and no current
flows through the voltmeter.

Formula:
R₁ / R₂ = R₃/Rx

Where Rₓ is the unknown resistance.

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.


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Theory: Verification of Delta-Wye and Wye-Delta Conversion:

Situations open arise in circuit analysis when the


resistors are neither in parallel nor in series. Many
circuits of the type can be simplified by using three
terminal equivalent networks. These networks are the
Wye(Y) or Tee (T) and the Delta (Δ) or Pi (π) (as shown
in Fig. 6.3). These networks occur by themselves or as
part of larger network. They are used in three-phase
networks, electrical filters, and matching networks.
Sometimes it is more convenient to work with a Delta
Network in a place where the circuit contains a Wye
configuration and vice versa. In such situations it is
convenient to transform the given circuit to its
equivalent circuit.

Formulas for conversions:

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.


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In Lab Tasks:
Objectives:

• To find the value of unknown resistors using Wheatstone bridge.


• To verify experimentally the principle of delta-wye and wye-delta transformations.

Task (1): Measure Unknown Resistance using Wheatstone Bridge:

For this task, we connected the circuit as shown in the figure and then noted the values of known
resistors. Then we balanced the bridge by changing the variable resistance and making the voltage
zero. Now when the bridge was balanced, we measured the values of resistors through DMM and
used the formula to determine the unknown resistance.

Formula to find unknown resistance:

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.


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Task (2): Verification of Equivalence of Delta-Wye and Wye-Delta


Conversion:
In this task, we connected the circuit as shown in the picture. We took all the resistors of 3k Ω and
noted the value in the table. Then we measured the voltage across the resistors and current through
the circuit and noted in the table. This was a difficult task as the circuit diagram was difficult to
interpret, but at the end it was completed by following the manual.

Now we convert this circuit into the other circuit shown below in the figure. We repeated the
same steps as for the above task and noted the values in table.

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.


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Post Lab:
Questions:
1. How is the operation of Wheatstone bridge affected by changes in the input power
supply voltage? Would there be an advantage in using a higher voltage?

When the input power supply voltage changes, so does the electrical current flowing through the
circuit. This can cause the Wheatstone bridge to become unbalanced, preventing it from
accurately measuring the unknown resistance.

However, when you use a higher voltage, the electrical current through the circuit increases,
allowing us to accurately measure the unknown resistance.

2. Wheatstone bridges can be used to determine resistance of resistors made of a variety of


materials. Is it possible to adapt Wheatstone bridge for determining hot resistance of an
electric lamp? Explain your response.

To adapt the Wheatstone bridge circuit for measuring the hot resistance of an electric lamp,
a current regulator can be added to the circuit to ensure that a constant current flows through the
lamp. The voltage across the lamp can then be measured using a voltmeter, and the hot resistance
of the lamp can be calculated using Ohm's law (R = V/I), where R is the hot resistance, V is the
voltage across the lamp, and I is the current flowing through the lamp.

3. How much voltage needs to be dropped across resistor R1 in order to make voltage VAB
equal to zero (as shown in Fig. 6.2)? How much resistance must R1 possess in order to drop
that amount of voltage?

Finding R1:

R1/60 = 10/30

R1 = (10/30) 60 ➔ R1 = 20 Ohms

Since Vab = 0, Va and Vb must be equal. Using voltage divider relations gives:

Va = Vs (R1/R1 + 60)

Va = 36(20/20+60) ➔ Va = 9V

Vb = Vs (10/10+30) ➔ Vb =9V

As Vab = 0, Va and Vb must be equal, thus:

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.


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Vb = Va

9V = 9V

Therefore, 9V needs to be dropped across R1 and R1 must be 20 Ohms in order to drop that
amount.

4. Is it possible to find the current through a branch or to find a voltage across the branch
using Wye-Delta/ Delta-Wye conversions only? If so, justify your answer.

Yes, it is possible after we have converted the circuit into our desired circuit by using Wye-
Delta/ Delta-Wye conversion then we can easily find the branch current or voltage by Ohms law.

5. Find the value of 𝑅eq for the circuit given below when the switch is open and when the
switch is closed?

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.


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COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.


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CRITICAL ANALYSIS:
In the first task of this lab, we designed a Wheatstone bridge by following the given circuit
diagram and then we balanced the bridge with the help of voltmeter by making it 0
volts(balanced) with the use of variable resistor. After the bridge was balanced, we then
measured the resistors with DMM. We then calculated the value of Rx by the Wheatstone bridge
equation. Afterwards we compared our measured and calculated value of Rx and calculated their
percentage error. The second task was to verify our recorded values of current and voltages of
the delta configuration circuit with the wye configuration circuit. The designation of both circuits
was much easier as compared to that of task one.

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.

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