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Rational Numbers

A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q where p and q are integers and q is non-zero. Rational numbers include integers and fractions. Common operations on rational numbers include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

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Aysha Fida
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18 views3 pages

Rational Numbers

A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q where p and q are integers and q is non-zero. Rational numbers include integers and fractions. Common operations on rational numbers include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Uploaded by

Aysha Fida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In mathematics, a rational number is a number which can be expressed as a fraction

or a quotient, i.e., in the form of p/q where p and q are the two integers and ‘p’ is the
numerator and ‘q’ is the non-zero denominator and p/q is in the lowest form, i.e. p
and q have no common factors.

“Rational numbers (Q) are included in the real numbers, and in turn include the
integers (Z), which include the natural numbers (N).” Thus, integers as well as
fractions can be expressed in this form. So, all integers and fractions are rational
numbers.

In p/q form q can be any number. So, q can also be equal to 1. When q = 1, every
integer formed a rational number. Set of all rational number is denoted by ‘Q’.

Note: N ⊂ W ⊂ Z ⊂ Q

Some of the following are the examples of rational numbers:

(i) 2/3 is a rational number of form p/q where p = 2 and q = 3.

(ii) Similarly, 4/9 is a rational number of form p/q where p = 4 and q = 9.

(iii) 2 (i.e. 2/1) is a rational number of form p/q where p = 2 and q = 1. Also, 2 is a
real number, a natural number, and an integer.

(iv) 0/5 (i.e. 0) is a rational number of form p/q where p = 0 and q = 5.

Arithmetical Operations on Rational numbers:

1. Addition of Rational Numbers:

(i) Addition of proper fractions:

1/2 + 3/2 = 4/2 = 2

4/9 + 5/9 = 9/9 = 1

(ii) Addition of improper fractions:

For addition of improper fractions we need to take LCM of the denominators and solve
accordingly.

For Example:

2/3 + 2/5

= 2 x 5/15 + 2 x 3/15

= 10/15 + 6/15
= 16/15

2. Subtraction of Rational Numbers:

(i) For proper fractions:

5/9 - 4/9 = 1/9

(ii) For improper rational fractions:

Step involved will same as in case of addition of improper rational numbers

For example:

2/5 – 4/15

= 2 x 3/5 x 3 – 4/15

= 6/15 – 4/15

= 2/15

3. Multiplication of Rational Numbers:

For multiplication of proper or improper rational fraction process is same for both. The
process id that numerator of both is multiplied and is divided by the product of both
denominators.

For example:

(i) 3/7 x 4/7 = 12/49

(ii) 4/9 x 7/5 = 28/45

4. Division of Rational Numbers:

For example:

(i) Divide 4/6 with 2.

In above example both numerator and denominator will be separately divided by 2.


After dividing we get the answer 2/3.

(ii) Divide 2/3 by 3/4:

In such cases questions will be solved as-

2/3 × 4/3 = 8/9

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