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Earth and Life

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 24:

Genetic Engineering
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of
Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module has one lesson:
 Lesson 1 – Genetic Engineering
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define genetic engineering;
2. describe the techniques in genetic engineering as based on the situation given;
3. appreciate the role of genetic engineering to human life.

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Organisms that have transferred DNA from other organisms are called
A. genetically modified organisms C. both a and b
B. transgenic organisms D. none of a and b
2. It is a process in which animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring
with those desired traits is called
A. cloning C. inbreeding
B. hybridization D. selective breeding
3. It is a process of creating an organism that has an exact genetic copy of another .
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. selective breeding
4. A technique in artificial selection that involves propagation of organisms with desired traits
A. cloning C. inbreeding
B. hybridization D. selective breeding
5. It is a process where a DNA is cut out from one organism and put into another organism.
A. cloning C. gene splicing
B. gel electrophoresis D. selective breeding
6. A recent technology used in genetic engineering is called A. DNA Recombinant technology
C. both a and b
B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b
7. A tool in genetic engineering where it cut and bind DNA nucleotides from two sources.
A. bacteriophage C. plasmid
B. enzymes D. vector
8. It is a tool that helps in carrying and integrating the desired gene.
A. bacteriophage C. plasmid
B. enzymes D. vector
9. It is produced when two different nucleotides had been fused as one.
A. DNA C. restricted DNA
B. recombinant DNA D. vector DNA
10.All are tools in recombinant DNA technology except
A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. host organisms D. vectors
11.All are ancient practices of genetic engineering except
A. hybridization C. recombinant technology
B. inbreeding D. selective breeding
12.Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both
organisms.
A. cloning C. inbreeding
B. Hybridization D. selective breeding
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 12.It is a process where a DNA is cut out from one organism and put into another organism.
A. cloning C. gene splicing
B. gel electrophoresis D. selective breeding
13.Most used host organism in recombinant DNA technology
A. bacteria C. plasmids
B. cells D. vectors
For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below.
A. Statement I is correct
B. Statement II is correct.
C. Statement I and II are both correct.
D. Statement I and II are both incorrect.
_________14. I - Since ancient time the practice of genetic engineering had begun. II
- Artificial selection is done to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the
physical traits among organisms.
_________15. I – Vectors help in Recombinant DNA technology by carrying and
integrating the desired gene usually plasmids and bacteriophages.
II - Host organism is used to propagate the recombinant DNA.

Lesson

1 Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organisms’ genes using biotechnology. It

covers different kinds of technologies used to alter the genomes that includes the insertion of
genes from other individual either the same or from different species that aims to produce or
improve products.
What’s In
Activity 1 DNA, Genes, Proteins, Individual Trait
Using the diagram below and the grid to answer the question below.

DNA

GENES

PROTEINS

TRAIT
BENT FINGER

1. What are the roles of the DNA, genes and proteins in each trait?
2. How would you relate the individual trait or characteristics to proteins, genes and DNA?

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 3. Would the manifestation of a trait be affected once the DNA nor the genes are altered?

Notes to the Teacher

This module will help you to understand the co ncepts about the process of
genetic engineering . All parts are consist of activities. Be guided with the
inst ruction on how you will answer each. Expectedly you will meet the
target at the end of the module.

What’s New

“Genetics become my all consuming passion. I wanted to create the perfect species. One that does
not just live on our planet but one that makes it better for future
generations.” – Yasmina Haque_

Activity 2. Students are asked to answer the questions.

1. What do you think are the objectives of scientists in genetic engineering?
2. How are scientists able to realize their objectives in genetic engineering?
3. Can you cite the techniques in genetic engineering scientists utilize in creating outcomes?
What is It
Since ancient times the practice of genetic engineering had begun. Artificial selection is done to
indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. Breeders choose
which organism to mate and produce offspring with desirable traits. They maintain this procedure
without control of what genes can be passed. Selective breeding is a process when animals with
desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits such as Angus cows
are bred to increase more meat. Hybridizations are when two individuals with unlike
characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms like the disease resistant potato
called the Burbank potato. Inbreeding is a technique of breeding organisms that are genetically
similar to maintain desired traits found in the pure dog breeds. As defined genetic engineering is
the process of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. It involves
artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules
to modify an organism or population of organisms.
Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA is made by mixing DNA from two different sources. Restriction enzymes was
discovered in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arbe. This was used to splice, connect (or
ligate), and remove or add nucleotides to sequences of the DNA. This is process is used in
recombinant DNA technology to remove and insert genetic sequences from and into other
sequences of another organism. Inserting the desired gene into the genome of the host involves the
selection of the desired gene for administration into the host followed by a selection of the perfect
vector (either plasmid or bacteriophage) with which the gene has to be integrated, thus
recombinant DNA is formed. The recombinant DNA has to be introduced into the host, maintained

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and carried forward to the offspring. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies practice this
technique in working with medical and research purposes.

What’s More

Activity 3 Match me!

Using the terms in the box, match the genetic techniques in their descriptions. Write your answer in
the space given.

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE SPLICING CLONING; INBREEDING HYBRIDIZATION;

SELECTIVE BREEDING ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; GENETIC ENGINEERING

________________1. A science of changing the DNA in living organisms to create

something new
________________2. Breeders choose which organism to mate to produce offspring
with desired traits.
________________3. Animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce
offspring with those desired traits.

________________4. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to

produce the best in both organisms.
________________5. Breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain
desired traits.
________________6. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another
________________7. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism
________________8. A technique used to compare DNA from two or more
organisms.

What I Have Learned

1. Genetic engineering is the processes of changing the DNA in living organisms to create
something new.
2. Artificial selection is practiced to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical
traits among organisms. This include selective breeding, hybridization and inbreeding.
3. Genetic engineering is referred to various techniques used for the modification or
manipulation of organisms through the processes of heredity and reproduction.
4. This includes cloning, gene splicing, gel electrophoresis and DNA recombinant
technology.

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 5. Recombinant DNA technology use to remove and insert genetic sequences from and
into other sequences of other organism.
6. The tools used in Recombinant DNA technology are restriction enzymes, vectors and
host organisms.

What I Can Do
Activity 4 Genetic Engineering Techniques
Directions. Distinguish the techniques in genetic engineering as based on the situation and
examples given. Write the letter of the choices.

A. Artificial selection B. Selective breeding C. Hybridization D. Inbreeding

E. Cloning F. Gene splicing G. Gel electrophoresis: analyzing DNA

____1. When animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those

desired traits. Dachshund were once bred to hunt badgers and other burrowing animals.
____ 2. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. They will have the
same exact DNA as the parent.
____3. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will be
transferred from one organism to another.
____4. Luther Burbank created a disease resistant potato called the Burbank
potato. He crossed a disease resistant plant with one that had a large food
producing capacity.
____6. Breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain desired traits. It
____5. A technique used to compare DNA from two or more organisms.
keeps each breed unique from others.

Activity 5 Genetic Engineering Techniques

Directions. Express your idea, whether you agree or disagree in the following statements about the
current technology in genetic engineering. Write your answers in your journal notebook. Choose
two from the three techniques.

1. Monkeys have been Cloned, Paving the way for Human Cloning
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

2. Bacteria as Living Microrobots to Fight Cancer

_________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________
__ 3. Two genetic regions (variants in both ABO blood group locus and cluster of genes in
chromosome 3) Linked with Severe COVID-19
_________________________________________________________________________________
_
_________________________________________________________________________________
_

Assessment

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Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. It is the process of manipulating genes in order to have the desired trait.
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. selective breeding
2. It is the process of breeding an organism that are genetically similar to maintain desired

traits. It keeps each breed unique from others.

A. artificial selection C. inbreeding
B. cloning D. selective breeding
3. It is a technique where the DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A
trait will be transferred from one organism to another.
A. artificial selection C. genesplicing
B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis

4. It is a technique of creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of the other organism.
A. artificial selection C. gene splicing
B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis
5. An applied science of manipulating the genetic material of an organism through artificial
selection and biomedical techniques
A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering
B. cloning D. selective breeding
6. It is referred to the joining of almost any nucleotide sequences to create a new gene product
or to introduce a new gene sequence.
A. DNA Recombinant technology C. both a and b
B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b
7. It is produced chiefly by certain bacteria and has the property of cleaving DNA molecules at
or near a specific sequence of bases.
A. bacteriophage enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. plasmid enzymes D. vector enzymes
8. Most common vector used in genetic engineering techniques A. bacteriophage and plasmid
C. plasmid and DNA B. enzymes and plasmid D. restriction enzymes and
DNA
9. Which is not performed to produce recombinant DNA?
A. Insertion of the genetic sequences into other sequences of another organism.
B. Removal of the genetic sequences of an organism.
C. Selection of the perfect vector with which the gene must be integrated
D. Selection of the perfect enzymes with which the gene must be integrated.
10. Which is not a tool in recombinant DNA technology?
A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes
B. host organisms D. vectors
11. Which is not an ancient practice of genetic engineering?
A. hybridization C. recombinant technology
B. inbreeding D. selective breeding
12. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both
organisms.
A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering
B. cloning D. hybridization
13. In recombinant DNA technology which is most used as a host organism?
A. bacteria C. plasmid
B. cells D. vectors

For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below.

A. Statement I is correct

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 B. Statement II is correct.
C. Statement I and II are both correct.
D. Statement I and II are both incorrect.

_________14. I - Since ancient time the practice of genetic engineering had begun. II -
Artificial selection is done to directly manipulate genes focusing on the physical
traits among organisms.
_________15. I – Enzymes help in Recombinant DNA technology by carrying and
integrating the desired gene usually plasmids and bacteriophages. II - Host organism are used
to propagate the recombinant DNA.

Additional Activities
Activity 6 PROS and CONS
A. Directions. Conduct a short interview with one or two of your family members. Ask them about
how they think the positive and negative effects of genetic engineering. List all their responses.

QUESTIONS RESPONSES

B. Make a list of pros and cons of genetic engineering summarizing the interview done. Fill up the
table below.
PROS CONS

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