LINUX AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

CH2. MANAGING SOFTWARE

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 Syllabus & Text-books
1) Matthew Helmke, Ubuntu Linux unleashed, Pearson, 2021 Edition.
2) Daniel J. Barrett, Linux pocket guide, 3rd edition, O’Reilly, June 2016.

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 Main contents
➢Ubuntu Software
➢Using Synaptic for Software Management
➢Staying Up to Date
➢Working on the Command Line
➢Compiling Software from Source
➢Configuration Management
➢Using the Snappy Package Manager

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 Ubuntu Software
➢The package and executable program is named
Ubuntu-software.
➢Ubuntu Software enables you to easily select and
install a large array of applications.

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 Using Synaptic for Software Management
➢Ubuntu Software works just fine for adding and
removing applications. To install something
specific - such as a library - you need to use the
command line or Synaptic.

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 Using Synaptic for Software Management
➢ Synaptic options:
▪ unmark: if you have marked the package for installation,
upgrade, or one of the other options, this option removes that
mark.
▪ Mark for installation: Click this option to add this package to the
list that will be installed.
▪ Mark for Re-installation: If you have some software already
installed, but for some reason it’s not working, click this option
to reinstall it from scratch.
▪ Mark for upgrade: If the software has updates available, select
this option to download and install them.
▪ Mark for removal: Select this option to delete the selected
package from you system.
▪ Mark for Complete Removal: Select this option to delete the
selected package from your system and also remove any
configuration files and purge everything from the system.
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 Staying Up to Date
➢Software Updater automatically downloads the list
of updates available and checks them all in the list
it shows.

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 Repository
➢ Ubuntu distinguishes between software that is "free"
and software that is not free. The four main
repositories are:
▪ Main - Canonical-supported free and open-source software.
▪ Universe - Community-maintained free and open-source
software.
▪ Restricted - Proprietary drivers for devices.
▪ Multiverse - Software restricted by copyright or legal
issues.
➢ Ubuntu uses apt for package management. Apt stores
a list of repositories or software channels in the file
▪ /etc/apt/sources.list
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 /etc/apt/sources.list
# sources.list
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 13.10 _Saucy Salamander_ - Release i386 (20131016.1)]/ saucy main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to

# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb-src http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
#...

deb: contain binaries or precompiled packages.

deb-src: contain the source code of the packages..
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu: The URI (Uniform Resource
Identifier), a location on the Internet.
focal is the release name or version of your distribution.
main/restricted/universe/multiverse are the section names or
components.
Note: to check release code use: lsb_release -a 1-9
 Working on the Command Line
➢ APT (Advanced Package Tool) is designed to
automatically find and download dependencies for
your packages.
➢ APT is used to manage software installation.
▪ $sudo apt update
▪ $sudo apt upgrade
▪ $sudo apt install mysql-server
▪ $sudo apt install mysql-server mailx
▪ $sudo apt remove firefox
▪ $sudo apt remove --purge firefox
▪ $sudo apt purge firefox
▪ $sudo apt-cache search kde
▪ $sudo apt-cache -n search ^kde
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 ➢Adding a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or
/etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
apt-add-repository [options] repository
apt-get update
apt-get install ***

E.g.
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe multiverse"
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe multiverse"

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 Excercises
➢Using apt tool
▪ Install: chrome
▪ Re-install: thunderbird
• Add new mail account
• Send a mail to [email protected]
• Content: installation steps (including captured screen)

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 Personal Package Archives (PPA)
➢Personal Package Archives (PPAs) are a kind of
repository. Developers create them in order to
distribute their software.
➢In order to add a PPA you need its "location"
ppa:[username]/[ppaname]

E.g.
https://launchpad.net/~ermshiperete/+archive/ubuntu/monodevelop

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ermshiperete/monodevelop

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ****
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Working on the Command Line

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 Exercises
1. Install the synaptic app using apt-get install
▪ Check apps installed from Launchpad PPA (LP-PPA)
2. Install y-ppa-manager from
https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/ubuntu/y-ppa-manager
▪ Check all apps from added PPA by synaptic
▪ Check the content of /etc/apt/sources.list after adding
PPA repo

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 Package manager dpkg for Debian
➢The program dpkg can be used to install or remove
programs, list them or specific information on
them
➢dpkg is the Linux Debian packages manager. When
apt or apt-get are used they invoke the dpkg
program to install or remove applications while
including additional functions dpkg doesn’t like
dependencies resolution.

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Package manager dpkg for Debian
Option Function

-i OR --
Install a package using the dpkg command.
install

-r OR --
Remove an installed package from our system.
remove

An alternative way to remove an installed package from our system. It

-P OR --
completely removes every fie belonging to the specific package, including
purge
the configuration files.

--update- Use information of the dpkg command about available packages in its
avail repositories.

--merge- Merge the information of the dpkg command about available packages in its
avail repositories with previously available information.

--help Display the help page for the dpkg command and exit.
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➢Install multiarch-support from
https://packages.ubuntu.com/

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 Compiling Software from Source
➢Compiling from a Tarball

➢Configure ./configure
➢Compile the software
-c : Create a new archive
make -v : Verbose output
-f file.tar.gz : Use archive file
➢Install -z : Filter the archive through gzip
-j : Filter the archive through bzip2
(sudo) make install -x : Extract files from an archive
-t : List the contents of an archive

➢Unistall -v : Verbose output

-C DIR : Change to DIR before performing any
operations
(sudo) make uninstall --exclude : Exclude files matching
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 Excercises
➢Download and install Waterfox from tarball file
https://www.waterfox.net/download/

➢Download and install tarball Wine 1.9.19

https://dl.winehq.org/wine/source/1.9/wine-1.9.19.tar.bz2

Note: If you are win64-bit, it is required to configure as

./configure –enable-win64 –without-freetype
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 Configuration Management
➢Dotdee (.d) directory
▪ Contain configuration files
➢Ubuntu Core
▪ Ubuntu Core adds the absolute minimum of files and
code necessary for a usable Ubuntu server image to it as
a new means of managing software packages.

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 Using the Snappy Package Manager
➢To show a list of snap packages that are available
to be installed, use the following:
▪ $snap find
➢To find a specific package in the list:
▪ $snap find searchterm
➢To install a snap package, use the following:
▪ $sudo snap install packagename
➢To show a list of snap packages that are currently
installed, use the following:
▪ $snap list

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 Using the Snappy Package Manager
➢To update a snap package, use the following:
▪ $sudo snap refresh packagename
➢To remove a snap package, use the following:
▪ $sudo snap remove packagename
➢To display a list of changes, such as when snaps
were installed, updated, or removed, use the
following:
▪ $snap changes

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