FGV - P&D
FGV - P&D
FGV - P&D
PENGAWALAN DI LADANG
TIKUS SECARA SAWIT
BERSEPADU
FTPSB Selasih
FPSB Aring 6*
FTPSB Neram 2
FTPSB Bkt. Goh*
*FTPSB Sg. Koyan 2
Felda & FTPSB Kota Gelanggi 1 - 4
FTPSB Sg. Koyan 1-3, Tersang 2 & 3 FASSB Kota Gelanggi 6
FTPSB Utara & Selatan 1 FTPSB Bkt. Kuantan
Felda Sg. Tekam Utara
*FASSB Lepar Utara 10
FTPSB Sg. Panching Tmur, Selatan & Utara
*FTPSB Jengka 3
Felda Lepar Hilir 3
FTPSB Soeharto & Sg. Tengi
FTPSB Ulu Jempol
FTPSB Besout 1 – 3 & Gedangsa
Felda Jengka 1 – 9, 14,17 ,19& 23
FTPSB Chini 3 FTPSB Sg. Nerek
FTPSB Lakum & Bkt. Damar & Krau 1 FTPSB Keratong 3
*FPSB Palong 18 FTPSB Keratong 4 & 6*
FTPSB Mayam, Kepayang, Chemomoi,Purun, Felda Selendang *
Tementi, Kumai, Mendi & Puchong FTPSB Selancar 1 & 2
FTPSB Nitar 1 & 2*
Rattus tiomanicus
FTPSB Sg. Sayong *
Rattus-rattus diardii FTPSB Penggeli Timur & Sg. Sibol*
Rattus argentiventer Felda Air Tawar*
Rattus Surifer
Mature palm
Immature palm
* Pernah mengalami serangan
Identification
1. Rattus tiomanicus
Common name : The Wood or Malaysian
field rat
Adult head & body length : 140–175mm
Tail : 85-115% of head & body
Dorsal fur: velvety brown
Ventral fur: clear/creamy white, with
upper longitudinal mid-line streak
Male + Female
Mating 21 days
(gestation)
Death
Birth
Sexual
maturity
Rats breed very fast. A female rat can give birth to a litter
of up to 10 offspring every 2 months
R. tiomanicus, R. rattus diardii and R. argentiventer
take 85, 80 and 45 days to reach sexual maturity.
Sundamys muelleri
(Sampadi) - 160 – 350g
Bandicota indica
(Chuping) - 350 – 900g
Bandicota indica
12
Tupai Callosciurus notatus(Plantain squirrel)
MAMALIA PEROSAK (TUPAI)
Fiber of
mesocarp
3
4
3
Bil. Sampel: 15-20 biji
Hari ke - 15
Bilangan Tupai = 10 ekor
C. notatus Bilangan Tikus = 16 ekor
S. muelleri
Size of Dropping
18
MENGAPA PERLU MENGAWAL TIKUS DI
TANAMAN SAWIT?
POTENSI
KEHILANGAN
PENDAPATAN
HINGGA RM
300 JUTA
SETAHUN
550K 19
HA
SIMTOM KEROSAKAN TIKUS
Semaian
SIMTOM KEROSAKAN TIKUS
Pra matang
SIMTOM KEROSAKAN TIKUS
KAWASAN MATANG
Rattus rattus muelleri 10.80 (oil plams fruit) Hoong and Hoh, 1992
• 96% of their stomach contents was made up of oil palm fruit ( Wood and Liau, 1984)
Food consumption
80 200g 2 - 3 hari/pk
PROGRAM TASKFORCE KOMPLEKS TEMBANGAU
40.00
37.71
Application of BUTIK S
34.81 March 17 (5 round) - Blanket
35.00 29.56
30.00 24.14
% serangan tikus (Data MQI)
16.30
16.15
20.00
15.10
11.16
11.02
10.81
15.00 Very Critical>15%
10.10
6.38
10.00
31%
5.00 Critical>5%
Rodent
- Attack
Apr-17
Jan-17
Nov-17
Jan-18
Feb-17
Mar-17
Sep-17
Jul-17
Aug-17
May-17
Dec-17
Jun-17
Oct-17
Reduced
KENAPA SERANGAN TIKUS TINGGI ?
Keperluan umpan racun tikus tidak mengikut keperluan sebenar.
kaedah penaburan yang tidak dipatuhi sebelum ini dan kelemahan dari segi
rekod bancian dan kemajuan pengumpanan.
Secara keseluruhan pemasangan BOB masih lagi tidak mencapai 1:20 dan
peratusan penghunian rendah
KENAPA SERANGAN
MASIH TINGGI ???
1. Kerintangan TIKUS
2. Spesis TIKUS yang berlainan
3. Populasi TIKUS yang TINGGI
4. Kekurangan pekerja
5. “BAIT-SHYNESS” R. r. diardii
S. muelleri R. tiomanicus
PENGURUSAN PEROSAK
BERSEPADU TIKUS
>20% DAN KE ATAS SERANGAN
BUAH TANDAN SEGAR
TABURAN BUTIK
G2 SEHINGGA
TABURAN BUTIK
SERANGAN DI
S SEHINGGA
BAWAH 5%.
SERANGAN DI
BAWAH 5%
38
IDEAL IPM : SERANGAN BTS DI BAWAH 5%; KOTAK SARANG PUNGGUK PADA 1
KOTAK : 20 HA (>80% PENGHUNIAN); TABURAN MAINTENANCE SEKURANG-
KURANGNYA SETAHUN SEKALI
Rat baiting campaign
Mature areas
Initiate rat baiting campaign when fresh rat damage
exceeds the threshold level (5% fresh damage)
For food safety & health, bait is placed just
outside of the weeded circle away from the
harvester’s path as shown below:
Weeded circle
Bait to be placed
outside weeded circle
in the most visible
Harvester’s
Palm area.
path
In flood-prone fields,
rat bait placement at
canopy or butt base is
allowed during rainy
season.
KAEDAH BANCIAN SERANGAN TIKUS TERHADAP BUAH TANDAN
SAWIT
KAWASAN MATANG
Buah Tandan Muda
KAWASAN MATANG
Buah Tandan Masak
KAEDAH PENGAWALAN MENGUNAKAN UMPAN RACUN TIKUS
KESAN TERHADAP EKONOMI
44
KEBAIKAN UTAMA BUTIK S DAN BUTIK G2
BERBANDING PRODUK LAIN DI PASARAN
TOXICITY
BROMADIOLONE
MODEL KAWALAN BERSEPADU
(SOKONGAN TEKNIKAL)
CHOLOROPHACINONE
WARFARIN
KAEDAH PENGAWALAN SECARA
KIMIA
Penggunaan BUTIK S disyorkan di kawasan ladang
sawit terdapat populasi burung pungguk jelapang
(SM).
BUTIK G2 6 gram
KAEDAH PENGAWALAN MENGUNAKAN UMPAN
RACUN TIKUS
KEBERKESANAN BUTIK S
KAEDAH KAWALAN TUPAI
KEBERKESANAN BUTIK S
???
KEBERKESANAN UMPAN RACUN TIKUS
KEBERKESANAN BUTIK S
KEBERKESANAN BUTIK S
KEBERKESANAN BUTIK S
HAIWAN PEMBANGKAI
KEBERKESANAN UMPAN RACUN TIKUS
KEBERKESANAN BUTIK S
Kerengga
Musang
Semut gatal
HAIWAN PEMBANGKAI
KAEDAH PENGAWALAN TIKUS SECRA BERSEPADU
Eggs
32 days
8-12
Death months
mating
Chicks
Adults <-
Fledgings
Breeding season: July - October and November -
February
A pair of barn owl can raise 2-3 clutches / year
Mean clutch – 6.6 eggs; brood size – 4.6 chicks
Morfologi sex jantan dan betina burung pungguk jelapang
Kekunci Pengenalan Sex
♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ 64
KAEDAH PENGAWALAN TIKUS SECRA BERSEPADU
Rat’s Intestine
Casuarina equisetifolia
Tectona grandis
Felda Sahabat
03
[email protected]
+60192602708
Mohd Rozmi Mamat
Lead Agronomist,
Department of Agronomic Advisory,
Felda Agricultural Services Sdn Bhd,
Pusat Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak,
Pahang .
Kitaran hidup Kumbang badak (Oryctes
rhinoceros) 6 – 8 bulan
Kitaran hidup Kumbang badak (Oryctes
rhinoceros)
• Kumbang badak betina akan mula bertelur di
kawasan racikan batang sawit seawal 5 bulan
selepas aktiviti pembersihan kawasan di
lakukan.
Oryctes rhinoceros
12 months 12 month
84
a b c
High population of Rb
d caused severely damage on f
young oil palm
e
Perosak Utama Tanam Semula
Mengurangkan hasil
sebanyak 25%
untuk 2 tahun pertama
selepas serangan yang
serius terjadi
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Current lost
• FFB price RM 629.00/tan**
• Average yield for 1st year harvesting 10 tan/ha.
• Crop lost due to beetle infestation – 25%.
• RM 1,572.50 – lost per ha/year.
Pengurusan Residu
Kawalan Kultural
Tanaman Penutup
Bumi
Perangkap Feromon
Racun Sentuh
Kawalan Kimia
Racun Sistemik
IPM APPROACH
Chipping & Felling starts Establishment of cover crop
(on specification of size)
0 4 5 6
12 24
•Prophylactic spraying
Manual hand-picking
Kawalan Kultural
Crop residue management Tanaman Penutup Bumi
94
Perangkap Feromon
95
96
PERANGKAP FEROMON
Penggunaan Perangkap Feromon
di Peringkat Awal Pembangunan
Kaedah & Tatacara :
Mula
Tebang & racik batang sawit
LANGKAH 1
LANGKAH 2
ATAU
KAEDAH 1 KAEDAH 2
Cumulative infection(%)
30.0
incidence: 25.0
monthly 20.0
15.0
assessment
10.0
5.0 3.2
0.0
Powder Solid substrate Untreated
Treatment
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0 7.5
5.0
0.0
Powder Solid substrate Untreated
Treatment
PAST AND RECENT:
Infection Stage
Adult Female b
Adult Male b A
Pupal b
Stages of beetle
Pre pupal b
Instar III a
Instar II b
Instar I b
egg
Fig. 4. Per cent of infection of M. anisopliae on O.rhinoceros stage through blanket application. Means
followed by the same letter are not statistically different by Kruskal –Wallis followed by pairwise Mann-
Whitney U tests at the 5% probability level.
Adult Female bc
B
Adult Male c
Pupal bc
Stages of beetle
Pre pupal c
Instar III a
Instar II b
Instar I
egg
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00
Infection (%)
Fig. 5. Per cent of infection of M. anisopliae on O.rhinoceros stage through disseminator trap
application. Means followed by the same letter are not statistically different by Kruskal –Wallis
followed by pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests at the 5% probability level.
ORY-X
LABEL BROUCHER
Metarhizium Solid Substrate
107
Metarhizium – Perangkap Pembiakan
dijangkiti fungus
Metarhizium akan
menyebarkannya ke
tempat pembiakan yang
lain.
10 kaki
4 kaki
10 kaki
110
111
Taburan Metarhizium Solid Substrate (MSS) pada
Perangkap Pembiakan (ABS)
Objektif :
2nd instar
Pupal
3rd instar
• 2. Jentera ladang
seperti lori dan traktor
FTPSB Kemahang 3
FTPSB Pasoh 1
FTPSB Selancar 2
FELDA Bukit Mendi FTPSB Ulu Penggeli, Bukit Tongkat,
FELDA Sungai Kemahal FGVPM Bkt. Tongkat
FELDA Lok Heng Selatan
FTPSB Lui Muda
Setora nitens 2
Setothosea asigna 2
Darna trima/D. diducta/D. bradleyi
5
Ulat bungkus Jumlah larva/pelepah
Mahasena corbetti 2
Metisa plana 5
Pteroma pendula
5
KITAR HIDUP ULAT BUNGKUS
Metisa Plana
SIFAT ULAT BUNGKUS M. corbetti
Jangkaan Serangan
Berulang (Hari) 77 68 61 55 46 37 37 30 14 7
Kawalan dilakukan
Mewujudkan komiti Latihan berterusan
secara
bertindak dan kepada pihak
berkoordinasi dan
koordinator ladang
tidak berkecuali
Merperkuatkan dan
menambah Bancian berterusan Mewujudkan “Early
kumpulan rawatan setiap 14 hari Warning System”
sedia ada
SYOR DAN PENAMBAHBAIKAN SEMASA
PARASITOID
(Serangga yang
menjadikan
serangga lain
sebagai
perumah)
SERANGGA KAWALAN BIOLOGI
PEMANGSA PARASITOID
THANK YOU