CONFIDENTIAL

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS AND DATA

ANALYSIS

COURSE CODE : TQM1063

DURATION : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES :

1. This question paper consists of FIVE (5) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet provided.

3. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of :

i. The Question Paper
ii. An Answer Booklet
iii. A Graph Paper
iv. Appendix 1(1) and Appendix 1(2)
v. Appendix 2

4. Do not bring any material into the examination hall unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

5. Scientific calculator is allowed.

6. Please write your answer using a ball-point pen.

MYKAD NO : ______________________________________________________

ID. NO. : ______________________________________________________

LECTURER : ______________________________________________________
SECTION : ______________________________________________________

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

The question paper consists of 4 printed pages

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MAR2023/A/TQM1063

Short Answer

1. (12 points)
A certain company asked all its 100 employees whether they agree or disagree
with pay cuts in the present state of the economic slowdown. The table 1 below
gives the responses of the survey.

Gender Response
Agree (A) Disagree (A’)
Male (M) 15 45

9
Female (F) 4 36

19
Table 1 s
a. If an employee is selected at random, find the probability that the selected

Fall
employee

i.
n
is a male and agree to the pay cut. (1 point) P in a A Yoo
p M PC
Fat
egg ii.
a
is a female given that she disagree of the pay cut. (3 points)

iii. pay MUA

is a male or agree with p p M statePofCA
cut in the present PCMN A
the economic
slowdown. (3 points)
34,9g b.
Gt fo
Are the events “Male” and “Disagree” independent? Explain your answer fo Es
by using appropriate probability rules. (3 points)
Ha c. Are the events “Female” and “Agree” mutually exclusive? Explain your
answer by using appropriate probability rules. (2 points)

b p M n A
i
p em p CA
19011 07 I
38is not independent event
male 4 disagree

C p Fn A too 0

female h Agree are not mutually

exclusive event

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CONFIDENTIAL
2. (9 points)

In a Faculty of Business, the following probability distribution (Table 2) was

obtained for the number of students per semester taking Introduction to Statistics
course.

8
Number of students, X 10 12 14 16 18
Probability, P(X) 0.10 k 0.30 0.25 0.20

Table 2

a. Given k is a constant, find the value of k. (2 points)

b pox 12 P 4 p lb t p 18
b. Find the probability that the number of students per semester taking
Introduction to Statistics course is more than 12. (2 points)

1 8 21.6 c. to Calculate the mean for the number of students per semester taking
Introduction to Statistics course. (2 points)
C E x 14.6
42 584 d. Compute the variance for the number of students per semester taking
Introduction to Statistics course. (3 points)

3. (12 points)
a.
6.04
Determine the following probabilities for the standard normal distribution.

ÉPÉE i
i. (1 point)

ii. (1 point)

b. A 100-watt light bulb have an average brightness of 1640 lumens with

0
standard deviation of 62 lumens. Assume that the variable is normally

Egg
distributed. Find the probability that a 100-watt light bulb will have a
brightness
2

5144
i. more than 1800 lumens. (3 points) I j
40
ii. less than 1550 lumens. (3 points)
2
iii. L X(4 C
between 1600 and 1700 lumens. points)

is
i p x 18003 it P 502 p
sing
googled 15506161
P 072.98 P Cec 4.5
ggg
PG 0.5342 6.973

ÉIINIII
g
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PC 1800
PG 18
3 5
n mean 7.5 X CONFIDENTIAL
4. (4 points) g 6 12
A random sample of 90 measurements on the breaking strength of cotton threads
gave a mean of 7.5 g and a standard deviation of 1.2 g. Find

a. The best point estimate of the population mean. (1 point)

M 75
b. 95% confidence interval of the population mean. (3 points)

7 s o 25
5. (13 points) 7 s to 25
a. State the null and alternative hypothesis for the following statement. Hence,
determine whether it is left-tailed, right-tailed or two-tailed test.

i. The average amount spend by students to pay rental of a house in

ii.
in
Bangi is more than RM700 per month. (2 points) is

The mean weight of new born babies in a private hospital at

It Mm
IMo righttaste
Seremban is 3.05 kg. (2 points)Ho n 3.05
two tail test
Him 3 os
b. Excel Power Manufacturing claims that the mean lifetime of their new brand
battery is less than 14,400 hours. A sample of 40 batteries is tested and it

Y shows that the average lifetime of the battery is 14,200 hours with standard
deviation of 1,020 hours. If there enough evidence to support the claim at
I 5% significance level?
o isHo m i 4400
i. State the null and alternative hypothesis. (2 points)
E Hi na 14400
ii. State the type of the test. (1 point) ii Left tail test
58 o 05
ahhh
iii. Find the critical value. (1 point) iii
0.5 o 05 o 45
iv. Calculate the statistical test. (3 points) iv 2
v. State the decision. (1 point) t.IT
EEi.ua
vi. State the conclusion. (1 point)

v since 2 L l 65
reject Ho kaccept H
to QUESTIONthat
END OF indicate
Vi There is de evidence themean
PAPER

lifetime of their newbrand battery is lessthan 14400hours

significant differente that two tail tmbah No

kain lebih
um xSamadsnHo

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APPENDIX 1(1)

Probability Theory and Probability Distribution

i. Addition rule: P( A  B) = P( A) + P ( B ) − P ( A  B )

ii. Multiplication rule:

P( A  B) = P(B)  P( A | B)

P( A  B) = P( A)  P(B) if and only if A and B are independent events

P( A  B)
iii. Conditional probability: P ( A | B ) =
P (B )

iv. Mean for a probability distribution:  = E ( x) =  x. p( x)

Variance for a probability distribution: Var ( x) =  x 2 P(x ) − E (x )

2
v.

Correlation and Regression

i. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient

n( xy ) − ( x )( y )
r=
n( x ) − ( x) n( y ) − ( y) 
2 2 2 2

ii. The least-squares regression line of y against x, y = a + bx

n( xy ) − ( x )( y )
b=
( )
n  x 2 − ( x )
2

( y ) ( x )
a= −b
n n

Normal Distribution
x−
i. Standardized score: z =


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APPENDIX 1(2)

Estimation of mean
  
Margin of error for the point estimation of  : Z  / 2  
 n
i. Confidence interval of  for a large sample

 
x−z x+z
n n
or
s s
x−z x+z
n n

ii.Minimum sample size needed for an interval estimate of the population mean:
2
 Z ( / 2 ) . 
n =  

 E 

Hypothesis Testing
x −
i. z test : z =

n

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APPENDIX 2

no

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