Design Calculation

As for the design calculation of slabs under Ultimate Strength Design Method (USD), the
proponents selected the slab with the largest floor area, live load, and superimposed dead load.
Different from other structural members, the design of slabs was only computed
manually since slabs are not included on the design outputs found in ETABS.
Slab at 2nd Floor-Hospital Building
This slab is a one way, one end continuous located at the ground floor of the hospital building. It
has live load of 2.9 kPa and superimposed dead load of 3.188 kPa.
Perspective View with the Critical Slab 84 of Hospital Building

Perspective View with the Critical Slab 84 of Hospital Building

With the aid of Microsoft Excel for the manual computation, the proponents were able to
determine the main reinforcements for the slabs. Table 3-57 represents the design parameters that
were used and encoded. The following tables show how the manual computation of slabs was
done
Slab Design Parameters Sample (One Way) S84-Second Floor
Design Parameters
SDL 3.188 kPa
LL 2.9 kPa
fc' 28 Mpa
fy 276 Mpa
T 170 mm
B 1000 mm
Ls 2500 mm
Lt 5000 mm
cc 20 mm
Db 12 mm
Dt 10 mm
Yc 24 kN/m^3
bw1 350 mm
bw2 300 mm

a. Determine the type of Slab

L 5000
= =2 ≥ 2.t h erefore , one way slab
S 2500

Since one-end continuous slab, use L/24 (Table 407.3.1.1 of NSCP 2015)

L
tmin=( )¿
28
5000
tmin=( )¿
28
b. Solve for the thickness of the slab (t must be > 100 mm)
tmin=165.47 say 170 mm , use t=170 mm

c. Compute for the effective depth, d.

db
d=h−cc−
2
12 mm
d=170mm−20 mm− d=144 mm
2
d. Solve for the factored loads:
Uniform load , wu=1.2 DL+1.6≪¿Wu=1.2 ¿Wu=13.3616 kN

e. Main Bars Spacing at Support:

1
Coefficient= =0.0625
16
ln=Ls−bw

(
ln= 2500−
250 300
2
−
2
/ 103 )
ln=2.225 m

2
Mu=cWuL n
Mu=(0.0625)(13.3616) ¿ Mu=4.134266938 kN −mSolve fot Rn :
Mu 4.134266938 x 106
Rn= = =0.2215
Øbd 2 ( 0.9 ) ( 1000 ) ( 144 )2

( √ )
'
0.85 f c 2 Rn
Solve fot p p= 1− 1−
fy 0.85 f c
'

p=
0.85 x 28
276 ( √
1− 1−
2 x 0.2215
0.85 x 28 )
p=0.000806

=0.00507 pmin2= √ f c = √ 28 =0.00479

1.4 1.4 '
pmin1= =
fy 276 4 fy 4 x 276

( ) ( )
'
3 0.085 f c B 3 0.085 x 27 x 0,85
pmax= = pmax=0.02749
8 fy 8 276

Therefore, PTBU=0.00507

As= pbd=0.00507 x 1000 x 144 As=730.4347826 m m2

( )
2
π (12 )
s=b
Ab
As
=1000 ( ) 4
730.4347826
s=154.8356 say 150 mm

Solve for Smax∧choose lesser value

Smax=3 t=( 3 ) ( 170 )=510 mm Smax=450 mm

Solve for the number of bars:

 b 1000
n= = =6.67 say 7 bars
Spacing 150
Therefore, use 7 number of Ø-12 mm bars at 150 mm O.C. at the support.

FOR TEMPERATURE BARS:

2
Asmin=kbt =0.002 x 1000 x 170=340 m m

( )
2
πx 10
s=b ( )
Ab
As
=1000
4
340
=230.9995 mm say 230 mm

Solve for Smax∧choose lesser value

Smax=5 t=( 3 ) ( 170 )=510 mm Smax=450 mm

Solve for the number of bars:

b 1000
n= = =4.3478 say 5 bars
Spacing 230
Therefore, use 5 number of Ø 10 mm bars at 230 mm O.C. for temperature bars.

f. Solve for Main Bars Spacing at Midspan

Coefficient=1/14=0.07142857143

ln=Ls−bw

(
ln= 2500−
250 300
2
−
2
/ 10
3
)
ln=2.225 m

2
Mu=cWuL n
Mu=( 0.07142857143)(13.3616)¿ Mu=4.7248765 kN −mSolve fot Rn :
Mu 4.7248765 x 106
Rn= = =0.2532
Øbd 2 ( 0.9 ) ( 1000 )( 144 )2

( √ )
'
0.85 f c 2 Rn
Solve fot p p= 1− 1−
fy 0.85 f c
'

p=
0.85 x 28
276 ( √
1− 1−
2 x 0.2215
0.85 x 28 )
p=0.00092
 =0.00507 pmin2= √ f c = √ 28 =0.00479
1.4 1.4 '
pmin1= =
fy 276 4 fy 4 x 276

( ) ( )
'
3 0.085 f c B 3 0.085 x 27 x 0,85
pmax= = pmax=0.02749
8 fy 8 276

Therefore, PTBU=0.00507
As= pbd=0.0507 x 1000 x 144 As=730.4347826 m m2

( )
π (12 )2
s=b
Ab
As( )
=1000
4
730.4347826
s=154.8356 say 150 mm

Solve for Smax∧choose lesser value

Smax=5 t=( 5 ) ( 170 )=850 mm Smax=450 mm
Solve for the number of bars:
b 1000
n= = =6.67 say 7 bars
Spacing 150
Therefore, use 7 number of Ø 12 mm bars at 150 mm O.C. at midspan.
FOR TEMPERATURE BARS:
2
Asmin=kbt =0.002 x 1000 x 170=340 m m

( )
πx 102
s=b ( )
Ab
As
=1000
4
340
=230.9995 mm say 230 mm

Solve for Smax∧choose lesser value

Smax=5 t=( 3 ) ( 170 )=510 mm Smax=450 mm
Solve for the number of bars:
b 1000
n= = =4.3478 say 5 bars
Spacing 230
Therefore, use 5 number of Ø 10 mm bars at 230 mm O.C. for temperature bars.
Slab at 4th Floor-Hospital Building
This slab is a two-way, one end continuous located at the fourth floor of the hospital building. It
has live load of 4.8 kPa and superimposed dead load of 3.188 kPa.
Perspective View with the Critical Slab 7 of Hospital Building
Perspective View with the Critical Slab 7 of Hospital Building

With the aid of Microsoft Excel for the manual computation, the proponents were able to
determine the main reinforcements for the slabs. Table 3-57 represents the design parameters that
were used and encoded. The following tables show how the manual computation of slabs was
done.
 DESIGN PARAMETERS
SDL 3.188 kPa
LL 4.8 kPa
FC' 28 Mpa
FY 276 Mpa
T 170 mm
B 1000 mm
LS 2600 mm
LT 4575 mm
CC 20 mm
DB 12 mm
DT 10 mm
YC 24 kN/m^3
BW1 250 mm
BW2 300

a. Determine the type of slab

L 4575
= =1.7597<2 ,t h erefore , two−way slab
S 2600

b. Solve factored loads

(
Uniform load :WuDL=1.2 3.188+24 ( 1000
130
))WuDL=7.5696 kNm
WuLL=1.6 ( 4.8 )
kN
WuLL=7.68
m

kN kN kN
Uniform load :Wu=7.5696 +7.68 Wu=15.2496
m m m

c. Solve for the La/Lb

250 300
La=Ls−bw=2600− − =2325 mm
2 2
250 300 La 2325
La=¿−bw=4575− − =4300 mm = =0.5407
2 2 Lb 4300

d. Solve for the thickness of slab (Table 408.3.12 of NSCP 2015)

assume , afm> 2.0
 Greater of
(
ln 0.8
fy
1400 )
36+9 β

90 mm
tTBU 170 mm

e. Compute the effective depth for short span (ds) and long span (dt)
db 12 dt 12
ds=h−cc− =170−20− =144 mmdt=h−cc−db− =170−20−12− =132 m
2 2 2 2

f. Solve reinforcement along short span.

Clear span:
La=2600mm Lb=4575 mm
la 2600 mm
m= = =0.6 0
lb 4575 mm
Case 2:
Coefficient Middle Strip @ Midspan (+Msms):
CaDL=0.034CaLL=0.058

Coefficient Middle Strip @ Support (-Msms):

Ca NEG¿ 0.081
Solve middle strip @midspan, +Mms
2 2 2 2
+ MS ms=CaDLWuDlla +CaLLWuLLla + Msms=( 0.034 )( 7.5696 )( 2.6 ) + ( 0.058 )( 7.68 ) ( 2.6 )
+ Msms=4.750971264 kN /m
Solve middle strip support, -MMs
2
−Msms=CaNegWuLa −Msms=0.081 ( 15.2496 )( 2. ) −Msms=8.35 kN /m
2

Solve column strip @midspan, +MCs

2 2
+ Mcs= (+ Msms )= ( 4.750971264 )
3 3
+ Mcs=3.167314176 kN /m
Solve column strip @support, +MCs
2 2
+ Mcs= (−Msms )= ( 8.35 )
3 3
+ Mcs=5.6667 kN /m
 To solve for a, use:

Mu=Ø ( C∨T ) d − ( 2a )
Consider middle strip @midspan, +Mms

4.750971264 x 10 =0.9¿ a=2.8881 mm

6

Solve for As:

0.85 f c ' ( a ) ( b ) 0.85 ( 28 ) (2.4433)(1000)

As= As=
fy 276
2
As=249.0480 m m
Solve for Asmin:`

Asmin=kbt Asmin=0.002 ( 1000 ) (170 ) Asmin=340 m m2

Compute for the required spacing:

b π 1000
s= Ab s= ( 12 )2 x s=332.6392m m say 330 mmCheck for Smax:
2
s 4 340

Smazx=2t=( 2 ) ( 170 )=340 mm Smax=450 mmUse s=330 mm Solve for the number
of bars:
b 1000
n= = =3.03 say 3 bars
Spacing 330
Therefore, use 3 number of Ø 12 mm bars at 330 mm O.C.

g. Solve reinforcement along long span.

Clear span:
La=2600mm Lb=4575 mm
la 2600 mm
m= = =0.60
lb 4575 mm
Case 2:
Coefficient Middle Strip @ Midspan (+Msms):
CaDL=0.004CaLL=0.007

Coefficient Middle Strip @ Support (-Msms):

Ca NEG¿ 0.010
Solve middle strip @midspan, +Mms
2 2 2 2
+ MS ms=CaDLWuDlla +CaLLWuLLla + Msms=( 0.004 )( 7.5696 )( 4.575 ) + ( 0.007 )( 7.68 )( 4.575 )
+ Msms=1.758976236 kN /m
Solve middle strip support, -MMs
2 2
−Msms=CaNegWuLa −Msms=0.010 ( 15.2496 ) ( 4.575 ) −Msms=3.19 kN /m

Solve column strip @midspan, +MCs

2 2
+ Mcs= (+ Msms )= ( 1.758976236 )
3 3
+ Mcs=1.172650824 kN /m
Solve column strip @support, +MCs
2 2
+ Mcs= (−Msms )= (3.19 )
3 3
+ Mcs=2.1279 kN /m
To solve for a, use:

( 2a )
Mu=Ø ( C∨T ) d −

Consider middle strip @midspan, +Mms

1.758976236 x 10 =0.9 ¿a=0.5714 mm

6

Solve for As:

'
0.85 f c ( a ) ( b ) 0.85 ( 28 ) (0.5714)(1000)
As= As=
fy 276
2
As=49.27289855 mm
Solve for Asmin:

Asmin=kbt Asmin=0.002 ( 1000 ) (170 ) Asmin=340 m m2

Compute for the required spacing:

b π 2 1000
s= Ab s= ( 12 ) x s=332.639m m say 330 mm Check for Smax:
2
s 4 340

Smazx=2t =( 2 ) ( 340 )=340 mm Smax=450 mmUse s=330 mm Solve for the number
of bars:
b 1000
n= = =3.03 say 3 bars
Spacing 330
Therefore, use 3 number of Ø 12 mm bars at 330 mm O.C.