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    Handout PressureVessel ASME Code

    Uploaded by

    Rehan Ahmed
    Pressure vessels are used to store fluids under pressure and can be made of brittle or ductile materials. They are classified based on dimensions as thin shells, which have thin walls, or thick shells, which have thicker walls. They are also classified based on end construction as open end or closed end. Thin cylindrical shells subjected to internal pressure experience circumferential and longitudinal stresses, and may fail along or across these axes. Thick cylindrical shells like in hydraulic cylinders experience non-uniform radial and tangential stresses dependent on radius. The ASME code defines standards adopted as legally enforceable codes for pressure vessel design, operation, and safety.

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    Handout PressureVessel ASME Code

    Uploaded by

    Rehan Ahmed
    26 views9 pages
    Pressure vessels are used to store fluids under pressure and can be made of brittle or ductile materials. They are classified based on dimensions as thin shells, which have thin walls, or thick shells, which have thicker walls. They are also classified based on end construction as open end or closed end. Thin cylindrical shells subjected to internal pressure experience circumferential and longitudinal stresses, and may fail along or across these axes. Thick cylindrical shells like in hydraulic cylinders experience non-uniform radial and tangential stresses dependent on radius. The ASME code defines standards adopted as legally enforceable codes for pressure vessel design, operation, and safety.

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    Pressure vessels are used to store fluids under pressure and can be made of brittle or ductile materials. They are classified based on dimensions as thin shells, which have thin walls, or thick shells, which have thicker walls. They are also classified based on end construction as open end or closed end. Thin cylindrical shells subjected to internal pressure experience circumferential and longitudinal stresses, and may fail along or across these axes. Thick cylindrical shells like in hydraulic cylinders experience non-uniform radial and tangential stresses dependent on radius. The ASME code defines standards adopted as legally enforceable codes for pressure vessel design, operation, and safety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views9 pages

    Handout PressureVessel ASME Code

    Uploaded by

    Rehan Ahmed
    Pressure vessels are used to store fluids under pressure and can be made of brittle or ductile materials. They are classified based on dimensions as thin shells, which have thin walls, or thick shells, which have thicker walls. They are also classified based on end construction as open end or closed end. Thin cylindrical shells subjected to internal pressure experience circumferential and longitudinal stresses, and may fail along or across these axes. Thick cylindrical shells like in hydraulic cylinders experience non-uniform radial and tangential stresses dependent on radius. The ASME code defines standards adopted as legally enforceable codes for pressure vessel design, operation, and safety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Pressure Vessel

     The pressure vessels (i.e. cylinders or tanks) are used to store fluids under pressure
     The material of pressure vessels may be brittle such as cast iron, or ductile such as mild
    steel.
    Classification of Pressure Vessels

    1. According to the dimensions


     Thin Shell
    If the wall thickness of the shell (t) is less than 1/10 of the diameter of the shell (d), then it is
    called a thin shell. If the internal fluid pressure (p) is less than 1/6 of the allowable stress, then it
    is called a thin shell

    USE: Thin shells are used in boilers, tanks and pipes

     Thick Shell
    if the wall thickness of the shell is greater than 1/10 of the diameter of the shell, then it is said to
    be a thick shell. if the internal fluid pressure is greater than 1/6 of the allowable stress, then it is
    said to be a thick shell

    USE : thick shells are used in high pressure cylinders, tanks, gun barrels

    2. According to the end construction.


     Open End
    A simple cylinder with a piston, such as cylinder of a press is an example of an open end vessel

    In case of vessels having open ends, the circumferential or hoop stresses are induced by the fluid
    pressure

     Closed End
    Tank is an example of a closed end vessel

    In case of closed ends, longitudinal stresses in addition to circumferential stresses are induced.
    Stresses in a Thin Cylindrical Shell due to an Internal
    Pressure
    When a thin cylindrical shell is subjected to an internal pressure, it is likely to fail in the
    following two ways

    1. It may fail along the longitudinal section (i.e. circumferentially) splitting the cylinder into
    two troughs.
    2. It may fail across the transverse section (i.e. longitudinally) splitting the cylinder into two
    cylindrical shells.

    Stresses of the following two types:


    (a) Circumferential or hoop stress, and
    (b) Longitudinal stress

    (a) Circumferential or hoop stress


    A tensile stress acting in a direction tangential to the circumference is called circumferential or
    hoop stress.

    (b) Longitudinal Stress


    A tensile stress acting in the direction of the axis is called longitudinal stress.
    Thick Cylinder shells subjected to an internal pressure
     Examples : hydraulic cylinder, gun-barrel , High pressure pipes
     In thin cylindrical shells, we have assumed that the tensile stresses are uniformly
    distributed over the section of the walls. But in the case of thick wall cylinders, the stress
    over the section of the walls cannot be assumed to be uniformly distributed.
     They develop both tangential and radial stresses with values which are dependent upon
    the radius of the element under consideration.

    In the design of thick cylindrical shells, the following equations are mostly used:
    1. Lame’s equation;
    2. Birnie’s equation;
    3. Clavarino’s equation; and
    4. Barlow’s equation.

     According to Lame’s equation, the thickness of a cylindrical shell is given by


    Compound Cylindrical Shells

     In a compound cylindrical shell, as shown in Fig.,the outer cylinder (having inside


    diameter smaller than the outside diameter of the inner cylinder) is shrunk fit over the
    inner cylinder by heating and cooling.
    Pressure Vessel – ASME CODE

    Standard can define as a set of technical definitions and guidelines – or simply a “how to”
    instructions for designers and manufacturers. It gives all the necessary requirements for the
    product, service, and operation.

    CODE : When governmental bodies adopt the standard and become legally enforceable, or
    when it has been incorporated into a business contract, the standard will become a code.

    Specification is generated by private companies to address additional requirements


    applicable to a specific product or application.
    Pressure Thickness

    Cylindrical Shell 𝐒𝐄𝐭 𝐏𝐑


    P = 𝐑+𝟎.𝟔𝐭 t=𝐒𝐄−𝟎.𝟔𝐏
    longitudinal welding or
    seamless joints

    When P <= 0.385SE

    Cylindrical Shell 𝟐𝐒𝐄𝐭 𝐏𝐑


    P = 𝐑− 𝟎.𝟒𝐭 t=𝟐𝐒𝐄+𝟎.𝟒𝐏
    circumferential joints
    on the shell

    When P <= 1.25SE

    Spherical shell 𝟐𝐒𝐄𝐭 𝐏𝐑


    P = 𝐑+ 𝟎.𝟐𝐭 t=𝟐𝐒𝐄−𝟎.𝟐𝐏
    When P <= 0.665SE)

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