F.

4 Chemistry Final Exam (2010-2011) Section B: Structured Questions (65 marks)

Exam No.:

Total Mark:

Q1 (8 marks) Malachite is a mineral containing copper(II) carbonate and copper(II) hydroxide. It is insoluble in water but reacts with dilute sulphuric acid. The procedure for preparing copper(II) sulphate crystals from malachite is as follows:
Step 1: Pour 50 cm3 of 2M sulphuric acid in a beaker and then warm the acid Step 2: Add small portions of powdered malachite to the warm acid while constantly stirring, until effervescence stops and some powdered malachite remains in the beaker. Step 3: Remove the remaining powdered malachite from the solution. Step 4: Evaporate the solution slowly to obtain copper(II) sulphate crystals.

(a) Write a chemical equation (with state symbols) for the reaction which causes the effervescence. [2]

(b) Why is it necessary to add powdered malachite until some of it remains in the beaker? [1]

(c) Draw a labelled diagram to show how the remaining powdered malachite can be removed from the solution. [2]

(d) Calculate the theoretical mass of copper(II) sulphate crystals, CuSO4.5H2O, that can be obtained. [3]

Exam No: Q2 (10 marks) The table below lists the oxidation number of iron in two compounds: Compound Oxidation number Iron(II) sulphate +2 Iron(III) sulphate +3

(a)(i) What would be observed when sodium hydroxide solution is added to iron(II) sulphate solution? Write an ionic equation for the reaction involved.[2]

(ii) Explain whether this reaction is a redox reaction.[2]

(b) When iron(II) sulphate solution is mixed with dilute sulphuric acid and a small amount of a purple solution, a reaction occurs and the oxidation number of iron changes from +2 to +3. (i) Suggest what the purple solution may be.[1] (ii) What would be observed in this reaction? Write an ionic equation for the reaction involved.[2]

(c) When iron(II) sulphate solution reacts with an element X, the oxidation number of iron changes from +2 to 0. (i) suggest what X may be.[1] (ii) What would be observed in this reaction? Explain whether iron(II) sulphate solution acts as a reducing agent or an oxidation agent in this reaction. [2]

Q3 (7 marks) The following two methods can be used to convert copper metal into copper(II) nitrate solution:

(a) (i) Refer to Method 1. Suggest how copper metal can be converted into copper(II) oxide. State the expected observation in the reaction that you have suggested. [2]

Exam No: (ii) Name the type of reaction that occurs between copper(II) oxide and dilute nitric acid. [1]

(b) In Method 2, the reaction of copper metal with dilute nitric acid gives copper(II) nitrate, nitrogen monoxide and water. Write the chemical equation for this reaction. [2]

(c) Which of these methods would you recommend for the conversion of copper metal into copper(II) nitrate solution? Justify your answer with TWO reasons.[2]

Q4 (7 marks) Coral consists mainly of calcium carbonate. An experiment was carried out to determine the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in a sample of coral using the set-up shown below:
Excess dilute hydrochloric acid Gas syringe coral

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid. [2]

(b) The mass of the sample used was 0.36 g. At the end of the experiment, 78 cm3 of carbon dioxide was collected at room temperature and pressure. Calculate: (i) the number of moles of carbon dioxide collected; and [2]

(ii) the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in the sample.[2]

Exam No: (c) Assuming that there was no leakage of gas in the set-up, suggest ONE source of error in the experiment. [1]

Q5 (7 marks) Corrosion of iron often results in the formation of rust on its surface. (a) What is the chemical formula of rust? [1]

(b) State the essential conditions for the rusting of iron.[1]

(c) For each of the following iron objects, suggest a suitable method to protect it from corrosion: (i) bicycle gear wheel [1] (ii) underground water pipe [1] (d)Explain why connecting the body of a car to the negative terminal of the car battery can help protect the car body from corrosion.[1]

(e) Although aluminium occupies a higher position than iron in the electrochemical series, it is more resistant to corrosion than iron. (i) Provide an experiment for the phenomenon.[1]

(ii) Suggest a method to enhance the corrosion resistance of aluminium.[1]

Q6 (9 marks) The diagram below shows the longitudinal section of a zinc-carbon cell.

Exam No: (a) Write a half-equation for the reaction that occurs at the zinc case of the cell during discharge.[1]

(b) State the function of following substances in a zinc-carbon cell. (i) carbon rod[1] (ii) manganese(IV) oxide[1] (c) Suggest a chemical test to show the presence of ammonium ions in the moist paste of ammonium chloride.[2]

(d) Explain whether you agree with the following statement.[2] Zinc-carbon cells cause more environmental problems than nickel-cadmium cells do.

(e) Complete and balance the following half-equations for the reactions that occur at the electrodes of a nickel-cadmium cell.[2] ____Cd + ____OH____ Cd(OH)2 ____NiO2 + ____H2O____Ni(OH)2 + OH Q7 (9 marks) Iodine and a compound G are formed when solid sodium iodide reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid according to the following balanced equations: NaI + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HI (1) 8HI + H2SO4 G + 4I2 + 4H2O (2) (i) Suggest the chemical formula for G. [1]

(ii)

What is the function of concentrated sulphuric acid in equation (2)? [1]

(iii)

If sodium chloride is used in place of sodium iodide, will similar reactions occur? Explain your answer. [2]

Exam No: Iodine can also be produced from sodium iodide solution by electrolysis using the following set-up.

(iv) (1) At which electrode will iodine be formed ? [1]

(2) What would be observed at electrodes X and Y respectively during electrolysis ? Write half-equations for the reactions involved. [4]

Q8* (8 marks) Briefly describe how you would conduct an experiment, using the materials and apparatus listed below, to nickel-plate a clean metal spoon. (Diagrams are NOT required.) State the expected observation of the experiment. a clean metal spoon, a nickel plate, nickel(II) sulphate crystals, a large beaker of distilled water, a d.c. power supply and connecting wires.

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