G.N.

-12

CAPSTONE PROJECT

“Working with Data”

on
“The Increasing dependence on Iot and Cloud Computing”

University of Petroleum and Energy Studies

Under the Guidance of:

Mr. Vishal Singh

Submitted by:
S. Name Sap_Id Batch
N.

1 Ayush Pradhan 500096450 37

2 Shubham Yadav 500095585 37

3 Ricky Makhija 500098037 37

4 Arpita Singh 500098218 38

5 Shweta Agarwal 500098156 38

Page 1 of 22

Table of Contents
S.N. Content Page
Number

1 Introduction to Problem. 2

1.1 Increasing Dependence on Iot and Cloud Computing 3

2 Data Set & Data Collection Techniques. 10

3 Data Analysis with detailed Interpretations 11

4 Findings of Project 21

5 Conclusion of Project 22

Page 2 of 22
 Chapter -1
Introduction
to the Problem

Page 3 of 22
1. Introduction to the Problem.

Iot and Cloud Computing increasing dependence, Issues &

 Challenges

Due to exponential growth of Internet of Things ( IoT ), multiple outlets are constantly producing
huge volumes of data and it is unwise to store all raw data locally in IoT device(s) since the end
device’s energy and storage space are strictly constrained by Self- organization and
microorganisms. IoT networks enable out- sourced data collection and cloud storage irrespective of
the resource constrained nature of the IoT.
Cloud computing provides IoT devices with services such as processing power, applications, and
data storage. The IoT devices can access these services remotely from any place on the planet as
long as there is internet access. This relieves the IoT devices from having to depend on on-premise
infrastructure. The cloud offers services in three delivery models, that is, infrastructure as a service
(IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS).
IaaS model involves the provision of software and hardware resources that IoT devices use.
Processing power, storage, and analytics are the most used services by IoT devices. PaaS model
provides the environment required for the development and provisioning of cloud applications.
Developers use this service to develop IoT applications and run them. Different languages are
supported. This model links data storage, computing resources, and the communication channels to
provide stability to applications running on the cloud.
Several cloud providers have come up with IoT-specific services. Amazon Web Services (AWS) has
AWS IoT Core, AWS Greengrass, and AWS Kinesis, among others, which offer different services
to IoT deployments. Microsoft Azure has Azure IoT Edge and Azure IoT Hub for providing
tailored services to IoT applications.

What is cloud computing ?

Cloud computing is but the network of servers in the simple language big mnc’s store their data in
their big servers and this servers are connected to each other with the technology of the cloud
computing.The big companies interconnects the servers through which they can excess from one
server to another.some famous cloud technology is AWS(Amazon web services),google
cloud,microsoft cloud etc.
Page 5 of 22

Why is cloud computing important?

There are various reasons for which cloud computing has become a buzz word and is increasingly

gaining importance. In fact, it has seen the fastest adoption into mainstream life than any other

technology in this domain. The importance of cloud computing in today’s world stems from this

process of being able to solve several problems faced by the average user and large organizations

alike.

For an individual user, the importance of cloud computing can be found in using services like

Google Drive and Apple iCloud. The use of these services allows documents, contacts, pictures, and

a whole lot more online. This saving space on your local device and negates the need for having

several external hard drives. It also doesn’t matter if you are using your phone, tablet, laptop, or

desktop, once your data is stored in the cloud, you can access it on any device and from anywhere.

Page 6 of 22

10 examples of top companies that have succeeded in using cloud

computing:-
 1. General Electric

2. Apple

3. eBay

4. Netflix

5. Kroger

6. Fitbit

7. Capital One

8. HotelTonight

9. Meals On Wheels? Greenville, Co., SC Branch

10. Pinterest

Page 7 of 22

What is the internet of things (IoT)?

In a nutshell, the Internet of Things is the concept of connecting any device (so long as it has an
on/off switch) to the Internet and to other connected devices. The IoT is a giant network of
connected things and people – all of which collect and share data about the way they are used and
about the environment around them.

That includes an extraordinary number of objects of all shapes and sizes – from smart microwaves,
which automatically cook your food for the right length of time, to self-driving cars, whose complex
sensors detect objects in their path, to wearable fitness devices that measure your heart rate and
the number of steps you’ve taken that day, then use that information to suggest exercise plans
tailored to you. There are even connected footballs that can track how far and fast they are thrown
and record those statistics via an app for future training purposes.

How does IoT work?

IoT devices have sensors embedded into them. These sensors are capable of sensing their
surroundings. The devices store the information in some form of data. These devices include
appliances such as mobile phones, coffee machines, microwaves, geysers, fire alarms, Air
conditioners, cars and so on. The sensors embedded in these devices constantly emit data about the
surrounding and on the working information of these devices. IoT serves as a platform to dump all
the data collected by these devices. IoT platform includes cloud servers and large databases.

The IoT platform acts on the data. It integrates and processes the information. Further, the
platform analyses the data thoroughly to gather important details. The platform then sends back
instructions based on the data provided.

Finally, the data aggregation is shared with other devices for better performance in the future. It is
also done for improved user experience. The future of IoT is bright and massive. According to a
report generated by Business Insider, 24 billion IoT devices were installed in the year 2020. ITC
predicts that IoT revenue will reach 300 billion dollars in the coming years. This generates large
amounts of job opportunities in the technological industry and various other industries.

Page 8 of 22

Why is IoT important?

The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete control over
their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is essential to business. IoT
provides businesses with a real-time look into how their systems really work, delivering insights
into everything from the performance of machines to supply chain and logistics operations.

IoT enables companies to automate processes and reduce labor costs. It also cuts down on waste
and improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture and deliver goods, as well
as offering transparency into customer transactions.

As such, IoT is one of the most important technologies of everyday life, and it will continue to pick
up steam as more businesses realize the potential of connected devices to keep them competitive.

Issues in using the cloud for IoT :-

Latency

When an IoT device collects data, it transmits it over the internet to the cloud for processing,
analyzing and storage, and in some cases download the analyzed data for use. The sending and
receiving of data between the cloud and the device takes some time, could be a few milliseconds,
due to latency. If the data was required by the device to use it for the next activity, then latency
delays the event. These delays may be fatal in areas where quick action is needed, such as in the
health and safety sector. For instance, when a crash of a smart Autonomous Vehicle is imminent,
you do not wait for it to communicate with the cloud to make a decision to swerve aside. The crash
will occur before the vehicle receives the data from the cloud.

Potential Crashes
Any interruption of the connection between an IoT application and the cloud means that the
application will not function and crashes until the link is repaired. This may not have a significant
impact on some IoT applications such as those in smart farming, but to those in smart health, a
major catastrophe can occur. Therefore there is a need to avoid crashes at any time.

Page 9 of 22
Enlisted companies are some popular IoT companies in world
1. ScienceSoft. (U.S. and Europe)

2. iTechArt. (New York, U.S.A.)

3. Oxagile. (New York, U.S.A.)

4. Indium Software. (U.S.A., U.K., Singapore)

5. Style Lab. (San Francisco, California)

6. HQ Industrial IoT Company. (U.S.A. and Europe)

7. PTC. (Boston)

8. Cisco. (San Jose, California)

9. ARM IoT Security Company. (Cambridge)

10. Huawei. (Shenzhen, Guangdong)

11. GE Digital. (San Ramon, CA)

12. Bosch IoT Sensor Company (Farmington Hills)

13. SAP (Walldorf, Germany)

14. Siemens IoT Analytics Company (Berlin and Munich, Germany)

15. IBM (New York, U.S.A.)

Page 10 of 22

Chapter - 2
Data Set & Data Collection
Techniques
Our Data set contains :-
(i) Personal Cloud Users in millions
 Secondary Data source - https://www.statista.com/statistics/499558/worldwide-personal-
cloud-storage-users/

(ii) Public Cloud Services in the whole world (U.S. Dollars in millions)

Secondary Data source - https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2021-04-21-

gartner-forecasts-worldwide-public-cloud-end-user-spending-to-grow-23-percent-in-2021

(iii) Cloud Computing Size

Collected from - https://www.t4.ai/industry/cloud-computing-market-share

(iv) Cloud Services in different enterprises

Secondary Data source - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?

title=File:Use_of_cloud_computing_services_in_enterprises,_by_purpose,_2014,_2016_and_2018_(%25_of
nterprises_using_the_cloud).png

(v) Google Cloud yearly Revenue

(vi) Microsoft’s annual cloud revenue

Secondary Data source - https://www.statista.com/chart/15910/microsofts-annualized-commercial-clou

revenue/

Here is the link of Spreadsheet :-

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/
1Lxvsd9QJXlFBxURDX6k4E2s8C4pMdcOBK7VwAl4q-qM/edit?usp=sharing

Page 11 of 22

Chapter-3
Data Analysis
&
 Interpretations
Page 12 of 22
3.Data Analysis & Interpretations

3.1 First Analysis (Personal Cloud Users in millions)

Characteristic Consumers in millions

2014 1,136
2015 1,329
2016 1,561
2017 1,754
2018 1,926
2019 2,111
2020 2,309
Page 13 of 22
1- from the graph we can see that as years are are
increasing consumers of cloud are also increasing with
the time

2- Mostly company are now using this technology to

maintain the connection between their servers.

3- the increase in graph is also show that people are

more shifting from their local memory and using clouds
of many company for their storage of data

4- cloud computing helps us to provide more security

and backup of their data to the servers

Page 14 of 22
3.2 Second Analysis ( Public Cloud Services in the whole
world (U.S. Dollars in millions) )
 2020 2021 2022

BPaaS 46,131 50,165 53,121

PaaS 46,335 59,451 71,525
SaaS 102,798 122,633 145,377
Cloud Management
and Security services 14,323 16,029 18,006
IaaS 59,225 82,023 106,800
DaaS 1,220 2046 2,667
Total Market 270,032 332,347 397,496

● This graph shows spending

● Worldwide end-user spending on public cloud services is forecast to
grow 23.1% in 2021 to total $332.3 billion, up from $270 billion in 2020,
according to the latest forecast from Gartner, Inc.
● “The events of last year allowed CIOs to overcome any reluctance of
moving mission critical workloads from on-premises to the cloud,” said
Sid Nag, research vice president at Gartner. “Even absent the pandemic
there would still be a loss of appetite for data centers.
Page 15 of 22

3.3 Third Analysis (Cloud Computing from 2018 to 2024)

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Private Cloud 32 45 50 64 81 98 125
Public (Other) 54 38 43 57 72 88 115
Public SaaS 92 102 105 121 141 156 169
Public PaaS 30 58 59 64 70 74 68
Public IaaS 36 51 73 100 128 156 186
Total 244 294 330 406 492 572 663

● We can see as years is increasing public iaas

company market is increasing./
● Followed by public Saas
● As years are increasing market size of these market size of
these sectors are also increasing

3.4 Fourth Analysis (Cloud Services in different

enterprises)
Page 17 of 22
2014 2016 2018

E-mail 66 65 69
Storage of files 53 62 68
Office Software 34 41 53
Hosting enterprise's
database 39 44 48
Financial or accounting
software application 31 32 38
CRM software
applications 21 27 29
Computing power for
enterprise's own
software 17 21 23

● Mostly cloud are used in email companies

● Following this we have storage of files
● From the year are increasing cloud services are also
increasing

3.5 Fifth Analysis (Azure yearly Revenue)

 U.S. dollars
Year (million)
2017 4,056
2018 5,838
2019 8,918
2020 13,059
2021 19,206

Page 19 of 22

● Google earned a revenue of four thousand and forty six

million dollars in 2017
● Google had a revenue of five thousand eight hundred thirty
eight million dollars in 2018
● Google had a revenue of eight thousand nine hundred
eighteen million dollars in 2019.
● Google had a revenue of thirteen thousand fifty nine
million dollars in 2020.
● Google had a revenue of nineteen thousand two hundred
and six million dollars in 2021.

3.6 Sixth Analysis (Microsoft’s annual cloud revenue)

2015 Q2 5.5
 Q3 6.3
Q4 8
2016 Q1 8.2
Q2 9.4
Q3 10
Q4 12.1
2017 Q1 13
Q2 14
Q3 15.2
Q4 18.9
2018 Q1 20.4
Q2 21.2
Q3 24
Q4 27.6
2019 Q1 34
Q2 36
Q3 38.4
Q4 44

● This graph shows annualized earning of Azure which is

cloud of Microsoft
● In 2015 Azure earned 5.5 billion dollars in Q2 which went
 to 8 in Q4
● In 2016 Azure earned 8.2 billion dollars in Q1 which went
to 10 in Q4
● In 2017 Azure earned 12.1 billion dollars in Q1 which went
to 14 in Q4
● In 2018 Azure earned 15.2 billion dollars in Q1 which went
to 21.2 in Q4

Page 21 of 22
● In 2019 Azure earned 24 billion dollars in Q1 which went
to 34 in Q4
● In 2020 Azure earned 36 billion dollars in Q1 which went
to 44 in Q4

Findings :-

● In IT Sector Cloud computing and virtualization and technology has

40% scope of jobs in future
● Internet of things has 30% scope of jobs
 ● Then it is preceded by Artificial Intelligence with 9%
● And others are 3D printing and Virtual reality with 8% impact on jobs
and blockchain with 4% but rising

Page 22 of 22

Conclusion :-
IoT :-
Cloud computing has many benefits to IoT since it provides crucial services. The growth of IoT is
largely dependent on the availability of cloud services such as storage and computing power.we see
this through this data analysis that cloud has gained a significant role in the recent years which
helps to connect server.We also see that IOT also increasing this recent years we can see that in the
future yrs we would be dependent on the iot devices like alexa and google assistant and siri of apple
devices.Along with an exponential growth in connected devices, each thing in IoT communicates
packets of data that require reliable connectivity, storage, and security. With IoT, an organization
is challenged with managing, monitoring, and securing immense volumes of data and connections
from dispersed devices. In conclusion, cloud computing is recently new technological development
that has the potential to have a great impact on the world. It has many benefits that it provides to it
users and businesses. For example, some of the benefits that it provides to businesses, is that it
reduces operating cost by spending less on maintenance and software upgrades and focus more on
the businesses it self. But there are other challenges the cloud computing must overcome. People
are very skeptical about whether their data is secure and private. There are no standards or
regulations worldwide provided data through cloud computing. Europe has data protection laws
but the US, being one of the most technological advance nation, does not have any data protection
laws. Users also worry about who can disclose their data and have ownership of their data. But
once, there are standards and regulation worldwide, cloud computing will revolutionize the future.
Cloud computing provides advanced computing resources available on-demand, that scale as
needed, with regular updates and without the need to buy and maintain an on-premise
infrastructure. With cloud computing, teams become more efficient and reduce time to market as
they can rapidly acquire, scale services, without the considerable effort that requires managing a
traditional on-premise infrastructure

As we have noted throughout this book, cloud computing has the potential to be a disruptive force
by affecting the deployment and use of technology. The cloud could be the next evolution in the
history of computing, following in the footsteps of mainframes, minicomputers, PCs, servers, smart
phones, and so on, and radically changing the way enterprises manage IT. Yes, plenty of questions
are still left to be answered regarding security within the cloud and how customers and cloud
service providers (CSPs) will manage issues and expectations, but it would be a severe
understatement to say simply that cloud computing has generated interest in the marketplace.

The hype regarding cloud computing is unavoidable. It has caught the imagination of consumers,
businesses, financial analysts, and of course, the CSPs themselves. Search for “cloud computing”
on the Internet and you will uncover thousands of articles defining it, praising it, ridiculing it, and
selling it.

So powerful is the term cloud computing that according to some, just the mere mention of it may
help to drive additional attention and revenues for providers. Take, for example, the case of
Salesforce.com. According to Marc Benioff, CEO of Salesforce.com, his software-as-a-service
(SaaS) organization did not embrace the use of the term until he read an article that referred to
Google and Amazon as cloud computing leaders in December 2007. Soon afterward,
Salesforce.com started ...