Phys XII Chap1 Live Session

ELECTRIC CHARGES AND
FIELDS
CHARGING BY INDUCTION
1 2
CHARGING BY INDUCTION…
5
ELECTRIC CHARGE
ADDITIVITY OF CHARGE
If a system contains n charges ,

q1 , q2 , q3,..., qn
Net Charge = q1 + q2 + q3 + .... + qn

CHARGE IS CONSERVED
▪ The total charge of the isolated
system is always conserved.
▪ It is not possible to create or

destroy net chargecarried by any
isolated system.
Quantisation of Charge
Electric charge is always an integral

multiple of e.
q = ne
UNIT OF CHARGE
SI unit of Charge - Coulomb(C)
q = ne
e = −1.6 10 −19
C, q = −1C
=

n
6
1
0electrons
1
8
1μC = 10-6 C 1mC = 10-3 C

Charles
Augustin de
Coulomb
(1736 - 1806)
Retrieved from : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Charles_de_coulomb.jpg

COULOMB’S LAW
The force between two point charges and found
that it varied inversely as the square of the
distance between the charges and was directly
proportional to the product of the magnitude of
the two charges and acted along the line joining
the two charges
k q1q 2
F= 2
r
COULOMB’S LAW…
k = 9  109 Nm 2C −2
1
k=
4 0
1 q1q 2
F=
4π 0 r 2
 0 = 8.854  10 −12 C 2 N −1m − 2
Definition : Coulomb
q1 = q 2 = 1C
r = 1m
F = 9 10 N 9
1 C is the charge that when placed at a distance

of 1 m from another charge of the same
magnitude in vacuum experiences an electrical
force of repulsion of magnitude 9109 N
Coulomb’s Law in vector Notation
r21 = r2 − r1
r
1
2=r
1−r
2=−
r
21
Coulomb’s Law in vector Notation…
r21
r̂12 =
r21
r12
r̂21 =
r12
1 q1q 2
F21 = r̂21
r̂12 = −r̂21 4π 0 r21
2
1 q1q 2
F12 = r̂12 = −F21
4π 0 r12
2

1
qq
=
F
2
1
1
2
r̂
2
1
4π
0
2
r
2
1
Principle Of Superposition
Force on any charge due to a number of other
charges is the vector sum of all the forces on
that charge due to the other charges, taken one
at a time. The individual forces are unaffected
due to the presence of other charges. This is
termed as the principle of superposition.
FORCE BETWEEN MULTIPLE CHARGES
1 q1q 2 1 q1q 3
F1 = F12 + F13 = r̂12 + r̂13
4π 0 r12
2
4π 0 r13
2
FORCE BETWEEN MULTIPLE CHARGES…
F1 = F12 + F13 + ...F1n
1  q1q 2 q1q 3 q1q n 

=  2 r̂12 + 2 r̂13 + ... + 2 r̂1n 
4π 0  r12 r13 r1n 
FORCE BETWEEN MULTIPLE CHARGES…
n
q1 qi
F1 = 
4 0 i = 2 r1i
r̂
2 1i
ELECTRIC FIELD
Electric field produced by the charge

Q at a point r is given by
1 Q
E(r) = r̂
4π 0 r 2
Electric Field….
Force F exerted by a charge Q on a
charge q,
1 Qq
F= r̂
4π 0 r 2
F(r) = q E(r)
SI unit of Electric Field : N / C
Electric Field….
❑ The charge which poduces

electric field is called source
charge.
❑ The charge which tests the effect

of a source charge is called test
charge.
Electric Field….
Definition of Electric field:

ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A SYSTEM OF
CHARGES
ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A SYSTEM OF CHARGES…
 1 q1
E1 = rˆ1 p
4 0 r1 p
 1 q2
E2 = rˆ2 p
4 0 r2 p
   
E (r ) = E1 (r ) + E2 (r ) + ... + En (r )
   
E (r ) = E1 (r ) + E2 (r ) + ... + En (r )
 1 q1 1 q2
E (r ) = rˆ1 p + rˆ2 p + ...
4 0 r1 p
2
4 0 r2 p
2
1 qn
+ rˆnp
4 0 rnp
2
 n
E (r ) =
1 qi

4 0 i =1 rip2
Electric Field Lines
Field of a point charge
Electric Field Lines …
Dependence of
electric field
strength in the
distance and its
relation o the
number of field lines
Electric Field lines….
Field lines (q > 0)
Field lines (q < 0)
Field lines around a system of two positive (q, q) charges
(q, -q)
Electric Field Lines….
Importance properties
(i) Field lines start from positive charges and end
at negative charges. If there is a single charge,
they may start or end at infinity.
(ii) In a charge-free region, electric field lines can be

taken to be continuous curves without any breaks.
Electric Field Lines….
Importance properties…
(iii) Two field lines can never cross each other. (If
they did, the field at the point of intersection will
not have a unique direction, which is absurd.)
(iv) Electrostatic field lines do not form any closed
loops. This follows from the conservative nature of
electric field.
ELECTRIC FLUX
Electric Flux….
Electric Flux….
Vector associated
with the area
element of closed
surface is directed
normally outward
Electric Flux….
Electric Flux….
Electric Flux ∆∅ through an area element
∆𝑺 is defined by
 
 = E.S
= E S cos
Questions For Practice
1.Two point charges qA = 3 mC and qB = –3 mC are

located 20 cm apart in vacuum.What is the electric field
at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two
charges?
Questions For Practice
2. Electric Flux through which of the surfaces
is largest?

Phys XII Chap1 Live Session

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phys XII Chap1 Live Session

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phys XII Chap1 Live Session

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ELECTRIC CHARGES AND

If a system contains n charges ,

Net Charge = q1 + q2 + q3 + .... + qn

▪ It is not possible to create or

Electric charge is always an integral

1μC = 10-6 C 1mC = 10-3 C

Retrieved from : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Charles_de_coulomb.jpg

1 C is the charge that when placed at a distance

F1 = F12 + F13 + ...F1n

1  q1q 2 q1q 3 q1q n 

Electric field produced by the charge

❑ The charge which poduces

❑ The charge which tests the effect

Definition of Electric field:

(ii) In a charge-free region, electric field lines can be

1.Two point charges qA = 3 mC and qB = –3 mC are

You might also like