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Chuong 2. Cac lénh c6 cau trac
‘Tom tat ly thuyét
Cau Jenh IF
IF [biéu thtic logic] THEN ;
hoac
IF [biéu thiic logic] THEN
;
ELSE
;
Cau lénh CASE
CASE OF
[Tap hang 1] : ;
[Tap hing 2} : ;
[Tap hing n} : ;
ELSE
;
END;
Cau lénh lap FOR ... TO... DO...
(FOR ... DOWNTO ... DO...)
FOR [Bién]:=[gid tri 1] TO (gid wri 2] DO ;
FOR [Bién]:=[ gid wri 2] DOWNTO [gid tri 1] DO ;
([gid tri 2>=[gid tr 1)
10 - Cau lénh lp REPEAT ... UNTIL...
REPEAT
UNTIL [biéu thitc logic];
- Cau lénh lap WHILE ... DO...
WHILE [biéu thtte logic] DO ;
Bai tap
2.1. Cho ham
5x? + 5x +1 Khi-l 1
viét chuong trinh doc mét sé thuc x tir ban phim va in ra man hinh gid tri cia F(x).
2.2. Tinh tién thuc linh mot nhan vién trong xi nghiép theo cong thiic:
(luong chinh x s6 ngay cong)
Thue linh = + (phy céip) — (tam tng)
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Vai quy dinh: nghi qua 5 ngay sé bi trir 20% téng thuc linh, lam thém qué 3 ngay
duge tang 10% téng thuc inh.
2.3. Lap chuong trinh gidi tam gidc khi biét ba canh cia né (ttc 14 phai tinh ba goc
clia tam gidc) kiém tra tinh hgp 1é cla cdc canh khi nhap.
2.4. Diing cau lénh CASE...OF viét chuong trinh thyc hién 4 phép tinh s6 hoc trén
2.86 thuc, c6 kiém tra tinh hgp 1é cita phép chia.
2.5. Diing cau triic’ CASE. . OF tinh sO ngay cita thang bat ky thudc nam bait ky doc
yao tir ban phim.
ll (Biét rang nhimg nam nhuan thing 2 cé 29 ngay, con nhiing nam khong nhuan,
thang 2 chi c6 28 ngay. Nam nhuan [a nam chia hét cho 4 nhung khong chia hét
cho 100).
2.6. Ding vong lap For ... to ... do, tao bang ciru chuong.
2.7. Tim va in ta moi uéc ca s6 nguyen duong doc vao tit ban phim.
}.2.8. Tim va in ta boi sé chung nhd nhat cia 2 s6 nguyén duong doc vao tir ban
phim.
|| 2.9. Tim cée s6 hoan hao khong qué N. ($6 hoan hdo Id s6 ¢6 téng cde ude sO cla
né ké cd 1, song khong ké chinh n6).
_2.10. Tim ede 86 chinh phuong khong vugt qué s6 n doc vao tir ban phim.
“A211. Tim cdc sO nguyén t6 gitta 2 va s6 n doc vao tir ban phim.
2.12. Viét chuong trinh in ra man hinh ma ASCII clia cdc chit edi a.z. va AZ.
2.13. Viet chuong trinh tim nhiing sO cé 3 chit sé ma téng cdc lap phuong nhing
chit s6 cla chiing bing chinh ching.
2.14. Toi cé N tigu déng muén ddi ra cdc t& 10000, 5000, 2000, 1000, 500, 200
déng. Hay viét chuong trinh lim vigc nay. C6 bao nhiéu phuong dn di tién, in cdc
phuong én ra man hinh.
2.15. Viét chuong trinh tim tit ci cde clip s6 nguyén a, b (1<=a,b<=N) sao cho
a+b’ 1a sé chinh phuong.
2.16. Viet chuong trinh tinh giai thira ciia sO nguyén n (n<12).
2.17. Viet chuong trinh doc lan lugt vao tri sé cla n sé nguyén. Dua ra man tri s6
16n nhat va tri sé ahd nhat trong céc tri s6 dy.
2.18. So dan cia Viet Nam hién nay 1a N triéu ngudi. Ty lé ting dan sé 1a s% nam.
‘Tinh xem sau bao nhiéu nam sau thi sé dan nuéc ta ting gap k lan.
7-219. Gisi bai todn sau:
Tram tau, tram co.
‘Trau dig an nam, Trau nim an ba, ba Trau gid an mot. Hoi c6 bao nhieu Trau
ding, bao nhiéu Trau nam, bao nhiéu Trau gia?
12 2.20. Tim ude s6 chung I6n nhat cla 2 sé nguyén duong nhap tir ban phim nho
thuat todn trirlién tiép cla Euclide.
2.21. Tinh téng S= 1'+2443*,,4n*
2.22. Lap trinh dém s6 chit s6 cita mot s6 nguyén doc tir ban phim.
_-5¢2.23. Ban cho vay s6 tién 1a T vi lai suat thdng 1a 5%. Sau méi thang lai duge gop
vio s6 tién cho vay dé tinh 1ai tip (goi IA lai luy ké), Hdi ban phai cho vay trong
bao lau dé c6 86 tién tuong lai 1a Ts.
+<.24, Phan tich mét s6 nguyén N thanh tich céc thira s6 nguyén t6.
2.25. Lap tinh ligt ké cae s6 “sinh doi”. Céc s6 sinh doi la céc s6 nguyén t6 ma
khoang cach gitta chting bing 2.
2.26. Lap trinh liét ké cdc s6 Mersen nhé hon s6 ty nhién n doc vao tir ban phim.
Mot sé Mersen 1a s6 nguyén t6 néu no cé thé biéu dién béi 2"-1, vdi p ciing 1a sé
nguyén to.
2.27. Viét chuong trinh giai phuong trinh bac hai:
ax’+bx+c=0 trén trudng s6 phic.
2.28. Viét chuong trinh bac hai véi a, b, ¢ bit ky:
“ ax*+bx+c>0
“29. Viét chuong winh gidi phuong tinh tring phuong:
7 ax*+bx’+c> 0
een. Viét chuong tinh gidi hé phuong trinh:
ax+by=c
px tay =r
2.31. Viét chuong trinh nhap vao N sé nguyén tir ban phim va in ra man hinh theo
thir tu ting dan.
(2.3) Viét chuong trinh nhap vao mot s6 thuc, in ra céch doc s6 thuc dé. Vi du
102,5, doc 1a: Mot tram linh hai phdy nam.
2.33. Viét chuong trinh kiém tra cong thifc sau:
14+24+3+4..+N=N(N+1)/2
13 2.34. Viét chuong trinh kiém tra cong thtic:
174274374... 4N?=N(N+1) QN+1/6
2.35. Lap trinh tinh té hop chap m cita n theo cong thtic:
Gy" = n(n-1)...(nem+1)/m!
2.36. Viét chuong trinh in lén man hinh céc thong tin sau:
a) Cac 86 c6 hai chit sO trong do chit so hing chuc nhan gid tri tir 3 dén 8, chit so
hang don vi nhan gid tri 2 dén 9.
b) Téng cdc s6 co hai chit s6.
c) Tich cdc s6 chin c6 mot chit s6.
2.37. Viét chuong trinh nhap s6 urnhién N tir ban phim va tinh ;
c=] + I/I! + 1/2! +..+1/N!
Ding vong lap dé chuong trinh cé thé thuc hién nhiéu lan.
2.38. Viét chuong tinh nhap chiéu dai, chiéu rong cia hinh chit nhat va-in hinh chit
nhat dé ra man hinh bang céc dau * cé dang sau:
eee
* *
JpobeeeEbe
2.39. Viét chuong trinh nhap vao chiéu cao va in ra man hinh hai tam gidc bi cdc
dau * cé dang nhu sau:
* *
ee ee
ee eee
coereres tees
Peed eee
2.40. Viet chuong trinh nhdp mot s6 thyc a tir ban phim va tim s6 wr nhién n nhd
nhat sao cho:
14124 1/3+...+ In>a
Gi s6 n tim duge hay tinh téng vé wai.
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