Instruction Set of 8085

Introduction
 An instruction is a binary pattern designed
inside a microprocessor to perform a specific
function.
 The entire group of instructions that a
microprocessor supports is called Instruction
Set.
 8085 has 246 instructions.

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 Each instruction is represented by an 8-bit
binary value.
 These 8-bits of binary value is called Op-Code
or Instruction Byte.

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 Classification of Instruction Set
• Data Transfer Instruction
• Arithmetic Instructions
• Logical Instructions
• Branching Instructions
• Control Instructions

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Syntax
 Data Transfer Instructions
• These instructions move data between
registers, or between memory and registers.
• These instructions copy data from source to
destination.
• While copying, the contents of source are not
modified.

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 Data Transfer Instructions
• This instruction copies the contents of the
source register into the destination register.
• The contents of the source register are not
altered.
• If one of the operands is a memory location,
its location is specified by the contents of the
HL registers.

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Data Transfer Instructions
Data Transfer Instructions
 Data Transfer Instructions

 The 8-bit data is stored in the destination register or

memory.

 If the operand is a memory location, its location is specified

by the contents of the H-L registers.

 Example: MVI E, 1AH or MVI M, 2BH

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 Data Transfer Instructions

•Example: LDAX B

•The contents of the designated register pair (BC) point to a memory location.

•This instruction copies the contents of that memory location into the
accumulator.

•The contents of either the register pair or the memory location are not altered.
 Data Transfer Instructions

 This instruction loads 16-bit data in the register

pair.

 Example: LXI H, 2034 H

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 This instruction copies the contents of memory

location pointed out by 16-bit address into register L.

 It copies the contents of next memory location into

register H.

 Example: LHLD 2040 H

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 The contents of accumulator are copied into the

memory location specified by the operand.

 Example: STA 2500 H

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 The contents of accumulator are copied into

the memory location specified by the contents
of the register pair.

 Example: STAX B

Suppose, (B)=20H, (C)=01H

(A)-(M) 2001H

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 The contents of register L are stored into memory

location specified by the 16-bit address.

 The contents of register H are stored into the next

memory location.

 Example: SHLD 2550 H

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 The contents of register H are exchanged with the

contents of register D.

 The contents of register L are exchanged with the

contents of register E.

 Example: XCHG

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 The contents of registers H and L are copied into

the program counter (PC).

 The contents of H are placed as the high-order

byte and the contents of L as the low-order byte.

 Example: PCHL

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 This instruction loads the contents of H-L pair into

SP.

 Example: SPHL

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 The contents of I/O port are copied into

accumulator.
 Example: IN 8C H

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 Data Transfer Instructions

 The contents of accumulator are copied into the I/O

port.

 Example: OUT 78 H

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 Arithmetic Instructions
• These instructions perform the operations
like:
– Addition

– Subtraction

– Increment

– Decrement

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 Addition
• Any 8-bit number, or the contents of register, or
the contents of memory location can be added to
the contents of accumulator.
• The result (sum) is stored in the accumulator.
• No two other 8-bit registers can be added
directly.
• Example: The contents of register B cannot be
added directly to the contents of register C.

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 Subtraction
• Any 8-bit number, or the contents of register, or the
contents of memory location can be subtracted from
the contents of accumulator.
• The result is stored in the accumulator.
• Subtraction is performed in 2’s complement form.
• If the result is negative, it is stored in 2’s complement
form.
• No two other 8-bit registers can be subtracted directly.

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 Increment / Decrement
• The 8-bit contents of a register or a memory
location can be incremented or decremented
by 1.
• The 16-bit contents of a register pair can be
incremented or decremented by 1.
• Increment or decrement can be performed on
any register or a memory location.

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Arithmetic Instructions
 Logical Instructions
• These instructions perform various logical operations with the
contents of the accumulator.
 Branching Instructions
• This group of instructions alters the sequence of
program execution either conditionally or
unconditionally
Jump Conditionally

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 Branching Instructions

The program sequence is transferred to the memory

location specified by the 16-bit address given in the
operand.
Before the transfer, the address of the next instruction
after CALL (the contents of the program counter) is
pushed onto the stack.
Example: CALL 2034 H. 31
 Branching Instructions

The program sequence is transferred to the memory location

specified by the 16-bit address given in the operand based on the
specified flag of the PSW.
Before the transfer, the address of the next instruction after the
call (the contents of the program counter) is pushed onto the
stack.
Example: CZ 2034 H.
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Call Conditionally

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 Branching Instructions

 The program sequence is transferred from the

subroutine to the calling program.
 The two bytes from the top of the stack are copied
into the program counter, and program execution
begins at the new address.
Example: RET.
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 Branching Instructions

The program sequence is transferred from the

subroutine to the calling program based on the
specified flag of the PSW.
The two bytes from the top of the stack are copied
into the program counter, and program execution
begins at the new address.
Example: RZ. 35
Return Conditionally

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 Branching Instructions

 The RST instruction jumps the control to one of eight

memory locations depending upon the number.
 These are used as software instructions in a program
to transfer program execution to one of the eight
locations.
Example: RST 3.
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Restart Address Table

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 Machine Control Instructions
• These instructions control machine functions such as Halt,
Interrupt, or do nothing.