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IB2 Topic 1 Sept 23 - Revision

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
273 views13 pages

IB2 Topic 1 Sept 23 - Revision

Revision paper for IB Biology Topic 1

Uploaded by

Mr_superb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IB2 Topic 1 Sept 23 - Revision [41 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 1]
The images of the radiolarian, a single-celled marine organism, were produced using a light
microscope (left) and a scanning electron microscope (right).

[Source: Munir,S.;Sun,J.;Morton, S.L. The First Record and Classification of Planktonic Radiolarian
(Phylum Retaria) and Phaeodarian (Phylum Cercozoa) in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Biology 2021, 10, 202.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10030202 Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. This article is an
open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).]

What is a reason for the difference in quality of these images?

A. Light cannot pass through the specimen.

B. Higher magnification can be achieved with the electron microscope.

C. The resolution of the electron microscope is higher.

D. Samples are stained with methylene blue when viewed with the light microscope. [1]
2. [Maximum mark: 1]
The electron micrograph shows a thin section through a plant mesophyll cell.

[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euglena_sp.jpg, by Deuterostome


https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode]

What is the magnification of the image?

A. × 75

B. × 300

C. × 3000

D. × 7500 [1]
3. [Maximum mark: 1]
The magnification of the micrograph is 2000×.

[Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg
by TenOfAllTrades.]

What is the maximum diameter of the nucleus in the cell labelled X?

A. 10 μm

B. 10 nm

C. 20 μm

D. 20 nm [1]

4. [Maximum mark: 1]
When compared to other body cells, which characteristic of stem cells is the most important for
therapeutic uses?

A. Less differentiation

B. Less excretion

C. Lower rate of reproduction

D. Lower rate of metabolism [1]


5. [Maximum mark: 1] 16N.1.SL.TZ0.2
Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt’s disease?

A. They can differentiate into retinal cells.


B. They are readily available from especially created embryos.
C. They transport white blood cells to the eyes.
D. They divide by binary fission so provide sufficient cells. [1]

6. [Maximum mark: 1] 17M.1.SL.TZ1.4


Which organelle is involved in generating vesicles destined for the cell membrane?

A. Golgi apparatus

B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

D. Lysosome [1]

7. [Maximum mark: 1] 17M.1.SL.TZ1.1


Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane?

A. Nucleus

B. Lysosome

C. Chloroplast

D. Mitochondrion [1]
8. [Maximum mark: 1] 17M.1.SL.TZ2.1
The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory. What
feature is this?

A. It lacks a nucleus.

B. It lacks a cell wall.

C. It has only one mitochondrion.

D. It lacks subdivision into separate cells.


[1]

9. [Maximum mark: 1] 17M.1.SL.TZ2.2


The image shows an electron micrograph of mesophyll cells.

What is the name of the structure labelled X?

A. Cytoplasm

B. Mitochondrion

C. Nucleus

D. Chloroplast [1]
10. [Maximum mark: 1]
A cell contains chloroplasts, plasma membrane and 80S ribosomes. What type of cell could it be?

A. Bryophyte

B. Lymphocyte

C. Prokaryote

D. Neuron [1]

11. [Maximum mark: 1]


How do both mitochondria and chloroplasts provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

A. They have double membranes.

B. They have 80S ribosomes similar to prokaryotes.

C. They contain the same DNA as the nucleus of the cell.

D. They exist together in eukaryote cells for their mutual benefit. [1]

12. [Maximum mark: 1]


Which structures are found only in prokaryotic cells?

A. Ribosomes

B. Pili

C. Cell walls

D. Flagella [1]
13. [Maximum mark: 1]
How is facilitated diffusion in axons similar to active transport?

A. They both require the energy of ATP.

B. They both move substances against a concentration gradient.

C. They both use sodium–potassium pumps.

D. They are both carried out by proteins embedded in the axon membrane. [1]

14. [Maximum mark: 1]


More than 90 % of cellular cholesterol is located in the cell’s plasma membrane. What is the main
role of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of mammalian cells?

A. To regulate membrane fluidity

B. To increase membrane solubility

C. To increase membrane permeability

D. To regulate membrane temperature [1]


15. [Maximum mark: 1]
The Davson–Danielli model of membrane structure proposed that membranes were composed
of a phospholipid bilayer that lies between two layers of globular proteins, as shown in this
diagram.

[Source: Cornell, B. 2016. https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-1-cell-biology/13-


membrane-structure/membrane-models.html]

What evidence supported this model?

A. An electron micrograph that showed two dark lines with a lighter band in between

B. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy

C. Evidence that all membranes are identical

D. The hydrophobic regions of protein would be in contact with water [1]


16. [Maximum mark: 1]
The diagram shows a section through a membrane. What are the modes of transport in the
diagram?

[Source: © International Baccalaureate Organization 2020.]

[1]
17. [Maximum mark: 1]
What part of the plasma membrane is fluid, allowing the movement of proteins in accordance
with the fluid mosaic model?

[1]

18. [Maximum mark: 1]


What feature of both striated muscle and aseptate fungal hyphae is different from typical cell
structure?

A. They have multiple nuclei within a structural unit.

B. They have a cell wall that is not made of cellulose.

C. They have plasmids.

D. They have an absence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane. [1]

19. [Maximum mark: 1] 16N.1.SL.TZ0.3


The cell membrane model proposed by Davson–Danielli was a phospholipid bilayer
sandwiched between two layers of globular protein.  Which evidence led to the acceptance of
the Singer–Nicolson model?

A. The orientation of the hydrophilic phospholipid heads towards the proteins


B. The formation of a hydrophobic region on the surface of the membrane
C. The placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membrane
D. The interactions due to amphipathic properties of phospholipids [1]
20. [Maximum mark: 1]
Pasteur used swan-necked flasks and a nutrient broth to demonstrate that spontaneous
generation of organisms does not occur on Earth. Some students performed a similar experiment
using two swan-necked flasks, one containing broth which had been previously boiled and
another containing broth which had not been boiled. 

The flasks were left in the school laboratory and observed after one week. What is the evidence
against the spontaneous generation theory?

A. Microorganisms died in flask F due to high temperatures.

B. No microorganisms grew in either flask.

C. Microorganisms grew in flask G.

D. No microorganisms grew in flask F but many grew in flask G. [1]


21. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.3.SL.TZ1.1
Membrane structure can be investigated using a technique known as freeze fracture.
Cells are frozen and then split. Fracturing often occurs between the two phospholipid layers of
membranes in the cell. An electron micrograph of such a fractured membrane is shown.

[Source: © Science Photo Library]

(a) Using the scale bar, calculate the magnification of the image. [2]

(b) Explain how electron micrographs such as this helped to falsify the Davson–Danielli
model of membrane structure. [2]

(c) Explain how the amphipathic nature of phospholipids allows them to form bilayers. [2]
22. [Maximum mark: 2] 22M.2.SL.TZ2.2
An oval-shaped stem cell cluster is shown in the micrograph.

[Source: Sontag, S., Förster, M., Seré, K. and Zenke, M., 2017. [online] Available at: https://bio-
protocol.org/e2419 [Accessed
6 December 2019]. Source adapted.]

(a) State the main characteristic of stem cells. [1]

(c) State one therapeutic role of stem cells. [1]

23. [Maximum mark: 13] 21N.2.SL.TZ0.5


Substances can move into and out of cells through the cell membrane.

(a) Outline the significance of surface area to volume ratio in the limitation of cell size. [4]

(b) Describe transport across cell membranes by osmosis. [4]

(c) Citing an example, describe active transport. [5]

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2023

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