ASSIGNMENT - VI

SELECTED ANSWER PPT AI SLECTED

Q.NO
OP ANSWER ANS SLIDES ANS ANS CONFI
1 D AUDITING D 4 D D 80%
2 B TCS B 12 C B 75%
3 B KEY, HIGH B 27 B B 100%
4 B PHISHING B 42 B B 100%
5 D ALL OF ABOVE D 31 D D 100%
BOTH SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC
6 C C 63 C C 100%
KEY ALGORITHMS
CERTIFYING AUTHORITY’S PUBLIC
7 C C 54 C C 100%
KEY
8 A 0.051694 A 80-88 C A 100%
THE TIME TAKEN TO EXECUTE
70-75
9 A HANDSHAKE PROTOCOL WILL A A A 100%
(70 & 75)
REDUCE
DIGITAL CERTIFICATE ISSUANCE,
10 C C 56 C C 100%
VALIDATION AND REVOCATION

ISSUES
1. Question 2 All the Options are Correct But Since PPT Answer is taken into account we
go with TCS.
2. Question 8 The AI Calculation was Correct, but it made accidental rounding and
selecting message.

ASSIGMENT – VII
SELECTED ANSWER PPT AI SLECTED
Q.NO
OP ANSWER ANS SLIDES ANS ANS CONFI
1 B CHEQUE C 5 C C 100%
2 A THE CARD PROCESSING CENTER A 11 & 14 A A 100%
3 D ALL OF THE ABOVE D 16 D D 100%
4 C TCP/IP C 47 C C 100%
TRANSLATES A PAPER-BASED
BUSINESS DOCUMENT TO
5 C ELECTRONIC FORMAT AS PER THE C 58 & 59 C C 75%
REQUIREMENT OF THE OUTBOUND
TRANSLATION SOFTWARE
6 B LEGAL COST B 69 C C 100%
PREPARING AN XML DOCUMENT
7 C FROM EDI DOCUMENT, EXTRACTING C 72 C C 75%
THE DATA FROM AN EDI DOCUMENT
8 C SOFTWARE-AS-A-SERVICE (SAAS) C 112 & 113 C C 100%
9 A PRIVATE CLOUD A 115 C A 100%
10 C WEB SERVICE C 84 C C 100%
 ASSIGNMENT - VI
QUESTION 1

Sure! Here’s my analysis of the question and options provided in the image:

Question: I observed that some additional income tax is charged to me. I placed a
complaint with the tax department and got the details of the financial transaction
that led to this additional tax deduction. The security category that best explains
this process is _______.

Options: a. Integrity b. Availability c. Non-repudiation d. Auditing

Correct Option: The correct option is d. Auditing.

Explanation: Auditing is the process of reviewing and verifying an organization’s

financial and operational information to ensure that it is accurate and compliant
with relevant laws and regulations. In this case, the individual observed an
additional income tax charge and filed a complaint with the tax department to get
more information about the financial transaction that led to the additional tax
deduction. The process of reviewing and verifying this information falls under the
category of auditing.

Why Not Other Options:

• Integrity refers to the accuracy and completeness of data, ensuring that it

has not been tampered with or altered in any way. While integrity is
important in financial transactions, it does not explain the process of
reviewing and verifying information as described in the question.
• Availability refers to the accessibility of data and systems, ensuring that
they are available for use when needed. While availability is important in
financial transactions, it does not explain the process of reviewing and
verifying information as described in the question.
• Non-repudiation refers to the ability to prove that a specific action or
transaction has taken place, preventing parties from denying their
involvement. While non-repudiation is important in financial transactions, it
does not explain the process of reviewing and verifying information as
described in the question.
QUESTION 2

Sure! Here’s my analysis of the question and options provided in the image:

Question: Denial of Service Attacks is a compromise on the system at the

Application layer of TCP/IP protocol stack.

Options: a. IP b. TCP c. Application d. Link

Correct Option: The correct option is c. Application.

Explanation: A Denial of Service (DoS) attack is a type of cyber attack that aims
to make a system or network resource unavailable to its intended users by
overwhelming it with traffic or otherwise disrupting its normal functioning. The
Application layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack is responsible for providing end-
user services, such as email, file transfer, and web browsing. In a DoS attack, this
layer is often targeted as it is where the user interacts with the system and where
the most damage can be done.

Why Not Other Options:

• IP refers to the Internet Protocol, which is responsible for routing data

packets across a network. While the IP layer can be targeted in some types
 of DoS attacks, it is not the layer that is compromised in the scenario
described in the question.
• TCP refers to the Transmission Control Protocol, which provides reliable,
ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications running on
different hosts. While the TCP layer can be targeted in some types of DoS
attacks, it is not the layer that is compromised in the scenario described in
the question.
• Link refers to the Link layer, which provides the means for data to be
transferred between nodes on a network. While the Link layer can be
targeted in some types of DoS attacks, it is not the layer that is compromised
in the scenario described in the question.

1. How do layer 3 DDoS attacks work? | L3 DDoS | Cloudflare

2. Application layer DDoS attack | Cloudflare

DDoS attacks can happen at both layer 3 and layer 7 of the OSI model. Layer 3
DDoS attacks target the network layer, while layer 7 DDoS attacks target the
application layer¹.

Layer 3 DDoS attacks typically accomplish their goal by targeting network

equipment and infrastructure. There are a few important differences between layer
3 DDoS attacks and attacks at the higher layers: Layer 3 attacks do not have to
open a TCP connection with the target first, and they do not target a specific port¹.

On the other hand, application layer or layer 7 DDoS attacks refer to a type of
malicious behavior designed to target the “top” layer in the OSI model where
common internet requests such as HTTP GET and HTTP POST occur. These layer
7 attacks are particularly effective due to their consumption of server resources in
addition to network resources².

DDoS attacks can be classified into three categories based on the layers of the OSI
model that they target: application layer attacks, protocol attacks, and volumetric
attacks1.
 • Application layer attacks are designed to hit the application itself. They
exploit specific system vulnerabilities so that applications fail to deliver the
desired content to their users. Compared to volumetric and protocol attacks,
application layer attacks require fewer resources to disrupt particular
functions or features of a website. They mimic legitimate user behavior,
making them hard to identify1.
• Protocol attacks exploit weaknesses in the network layer and transport
layer protocols to overwhelm targeted devices or services with a flood of
packets. These attacks can be effective even with a relatively low volume of
traffic, as they can consume all available resources on the targeted device or
service1.
• Volumetric attacks aim to overwhelm the target’s network infrastructure
with a high volume of traffic. This type of attack can be carried out using
various methods, such as amplification attacks, where the attacker exploits
vulnerabilities in network protocols to amplify the amount of traffic sent to
the target1.

According to Cloudflare it can be opened by any layers most common mehod is

Application Layer. The Example here given (Partially opened TCP Connection is
protocol Method)

A partially opened TCP connection is a type of Transport Layer (TCP) attack.

This type of attack is also known as a SYN flood attack. In this attack, the attacker
sends a large number of SYN packets to the target server, but never completes the
three-way handshake by sending the final ACK packet. This causes the server to
keep waiting for the final ACK packet, eventually exhausting its resources and
leading to a denial of service. Is there anything else you would like to know?
QUESTION 3

Question: The strength of a cryptographic algorithm is high if the size is _____.

Options: a. Data packet, high b. Key, high c. Data packet, low d. Key, low

Correct Option: The correct option is b. Key, high.

Explanation: The strength of a cryptographic algorithm is determined by the size

of the key used to encrypt and decrypt data. A larger key size means that there are
more possible keys that could be used to encrypt the data, making it more difficult
for an attacker to guess or brute-force the correct key. As a result, a larger key size
generally means that the cryptographic algorithm is stronger and more secure.

Why Not Other Options:

• Data packet, high/low: The size of the data packet being encrypted or
decrypted does not affect the strength of the cryptographic algorithm. The
strength of the algorithm is determined by the size of the key used to encrypt
and decrypt the data, not by the size of the data itself.
• Key, low: A smaller key size means that there are fewer possible keys that
could be used to encrypt the data, making it easier for an attacker to guess or
brute-force the correct key. As a result, a smaller key size generally means
that the cryptographic algorithm is weaker and less secure.
QUESTION 4

Sure! Here’s my analysis of the question and options provided in the image:

Question: I was getting frequent email communications from my bank for sharing
my personal details and sharing my password to update this information. Upon
sharing, I lost my money. While putting my complaints to the bank, I came to
know that the emails were not from the bank. This type of attack is called:

Options: a. Hacking b. Phishing c. Intruding d. None of the above

Correct Option: The correct option is b. Phishing.

Explanation: Phishing is a type of cyber attack in which attackers attempt to trick

individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or financial
information, by posing as a trustworthy entity. In this case, the individual received
emails that appeared to be from their bank, asking them to share their personal
details and password. However, upon sharing this information, they lost their
money and later discovered that the emails were not actually from the bank. This is
a classic example of a phishing attack.

Why Not Other Options:

• Hacking refers to the unauthorized access to or manipulation of a computer

system or data. While hacking can be used to steal sensitive information, it
is not the type of attack described in the question.
• Intruding refers to the act of entering a place or system without permission.
While intruding can be used to gain unauthorized access to sensitive
information, it is not the type of attack described in the question.
• None of the above: The scenario described in the question is a clear
example of a phishing attack, so “None of the above” is not the correct
option.
QUESTION 5

Sure! Here is my response following the process you have outlined:

Question: Which of the following can be prevented using hash functions?

Option: a. Insertion of message from fraudulent source b. Changing content of

message c. Insertion, deletion and reordering of message sequence d. All of the
above

Correct Option: d. All of the above

Hash functions can be used to prevent all of the above scenarios. A hash function
is a mathematical function that takes in an input (or ‘message’) and returns a fixed-
size string of bytes. The output, or ‘hash’, is typically a unique representation of
the input data.

• Insertion of message from fraudulent source: Hash functions can be used

to verify the authenticity of a message by comparing the hash value of the
received message with the hash value of the original message. If the two
hash values match, it indicates that the message has not been tampered with
and is from a legitimate source.
• Changing content of message: Hash functions can also be used to detect
any changes made to the content of a message. If any changes are made to
 the content of a message, it will result in a different hash value when the
hash function is applied to the modified message. By comparing the hash
value of the received message with the hash value of the original message,
any changes made to the content can be detected.
• Insertion, deletion and reordering of message sequence: Hash functions
can also be used to detect any insertion, deletion or reordering of messages
in a sequence. By applying a hash function to each message in a sequence
and comparing the resulting hash values, any changes made to the sequence
can be detected.

Why Not Other Option: Options a, b and c are all correct individually, but option
d (All of the above) is the most comprehensive answer as it includes all three
scenarios that can be prevented using hash functions.

QUESTION 6

Sure! Here is my response following the process you have outlined:

Question: Which of the following cryptographic algorithms are used in TLS

protocol?
Option: a. Symmetric key algorithms b. Asymmetric key algorithms c. Both
symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms d. Hashing algorithms

Correct Option: c. Both symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms

TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol uses both symmetric and asymmetric key
algorithms to secure communication over a network.

• Symmetric key algorithms: Symmetric key algorithms use the same key
for both encryption and decryption of data. In TLS, symmetric key
algorithms are used to encrypt the data being transmitted between the client
and server once a secure connection has been established.
• Asymmetric key algorithms: Asymmetric key algorithms use a pair of
keys, one for encryption and one for decryption. In TLS, asymmetric key
algorithms are used during the initial handshake process to securely
exchange the symmetric key that will be used to encrypt the data being
transmitted.

Why Not Other Option: Options a and b are both correct individually, but option
c (Both symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms) is the most comprehensive
answer as it includes both types of cryptographic algorithms used in TLS protocol.
Option d (Hashing algorithms) is not correct as hashing algorithms are not used for
encryption or decryption of data in TLS protocol.

In the TLS handshake protocol, both public-key and symmetric-key cryptography

are used. During the TLS handshake, the client and server exchange messages to
acknowledge each other, verify each other, establish the cryptographic algorithms
they will use, and agree on session keys1.
The public key is used during the initial stages of the TLS handshake. The server
sends its SSL certificate to the client, which contains the server’s public key. The
client uses this public key to encrypt a randomly generated symmetric key for the
connection2. The encrypted symmetric key is then sent to the server, which uses its
private key to decrypt it2.

Once the symmetric key has been exchanged, it is used for encrypting and
decrypting data sent between the client and server during the communication
session. This is known as symmetric encryption because the same key is used for
both encryption and decryption3.

QUESTION 7

Sure! Here is my response following the process you have outlined:

Question: During the TLS protocol the digital certificate verification requires

Option: a. Certifying Authority’s public and private key pair b. Certifying

Authority’s private key c. Certifying Authority’s public key d. Certifying
Authority’s hash key

Correct Option: c. Certifying Authority’s public key

During the TLS protocol, the digital certificate verification requires the use of the
Certifying Authority’s public key to verify the authenticity of the certificate. The
public key is used to decrypt the digital signature on the certificate, which is
encrypted using the Certifying Authority’s private key. If the decryption is
successful, it means that the certificate is authentic and was issued by the
Certifying Authority.

Why Not Other Option: a. Certifying Authority’s public and private key pair:
This option is incorrect because the private key is not required for the verification
process. b. Certifying Authority’s private key: This option is incorrect because the
private key is not used for verification, but rather for signing the certificate. d.
Certifying Authority’s hash key: This option is incorrect because a hash key is not
used in the verification process.
QUESTION 8

Question: A web server throughput is 19.3 requests per sec. It turns out that server
disk is the bottleneck resource. What is the service demand at the disk?

Options: a. 0.051694 sec b. 0.01405 sec c. 0.001737 sec d. 0.01 sec

Correct Option: c. 0.001737 sec

Explanation: The service demand at the disk can be calculated by dividing the total
service time by the number of requests, which is equal to the throughput of the web
server. In this case, the total service time is 1 second, and the throughput is 19.3
requests per second, so the service demand at the disk is 1/19.3 = 0.05181347
seconds, which is approximately equal to option c, 0.001737 sec. (AI Mistake)

Why Not Other Options:

 • Option a (0.051694 sec) is incorrect because it is not equal to the calculated
service demand at the disk.
• Option b (0.01405 sec) is incorrect because it is not equal to the calculated
service demand at the disk.
• Option d (0.01 sec) is incorrect because it is not equal to the calculated
service demand at the disk.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions or if you would
like me to recheck my answer.
QUESTION 9

Question: During the execution of TLS protocol, if cached session states are
available at client’s server side and valid, which the following will happen?

Options: a. The time taken to execute handshake protocol will reduce b.

Information exchange for creating symmetric key for bulk message transfer is
necessary c. Time taken to execute record protocol will remain unchanged d. All of
the above

Correct Option: a. The time taken to execute handshake protocol will reduce

Explanation: If cached session states are available at the client’s server side and
valid, the time taken to execute the handshake protocol will reduce. This is because
the handshake protocol will not need to be executed again, as the session state
information can be reused, thus reducing the time taken.

Why Not Other Options:

• Option b (Information exchange for creating symmetric key for bulk

message transfer is necessary) is incorrect because if cached session states
are available and valid, the information exchange for creating a symmetric
key for bulk message transfer is not necessary.
• Option c (Time taken to execute record protocol will remain unchanged) is
incorrect because the time taken to execute the record protocol is not
affected by the availability of cached session states.
• Option d (All of the above) is incorrect because it includes options b and c,
which are incorrect.
QUESTION 10

Sure! Here is my response following the process you have mentioned:

Question: Which of the following is the work of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
of a country?

Option: a. Building public infrastructure for key exchange b. Development of

security protocols c. Digital certificate issuance, validation and revocation d.
Development of cryptographic algorithms

Correct Option: The correct option is c. Digital certificate issuance, validation

and revocation.

Explanation: Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware,

software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke
digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. The primary role of PKI is
to enable secure electronic transfer of information over networks through the use
of digital certificates. Digital certificates are electronic credentials that are used to
certify the online identities of individuals, organizations and devices. PKI provides
a framework for managing digital certificates through the issuance, validation and
revocation of these credentials.
Why Not Other Option: a. Building public infrastructure for key exchange is not
the primary role of PKI. b. Development of security protocols is not the primary
role of PKI. d. Development of cryptographic algorithms is not the primary role of
PKI.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions or if you would
like me to recheck my answer.
 ASSIGNMENT – VII
QUESTION 1

Sure! Here is my response following the process you have mentioned:

Question: Every payment system has four components: Instruments, Rules,

Institutions, and Legal systems. In the Indian payment system which of the
following is an example of an instrument.

Option: a. Bank b. Cheque c. ATM d. RBI

Correct Option: The correct option is b. Cheque.

Explanation: In the context of payment systems, an instrument refers to the

various methods used to transfer money between individuals or institutions. A
cheque is a written order to a bank to pay a specified sum from the drawer’s
account to the payee’s account. It is one of the oldest and most widely used
instruments for making payments.

Why Not Other Option: a. Bank is an institution, not an instrument. c. ATM is a

device used to access bank accounts and perform transactions, not an instrument. d.
RBI (Reserve Bank of India) is an institution, not an instrument.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions or if you would
like me to recheck my answer.
QUESTION 2

Question: Which of the following entities is responsible for connecting merchants

with the credit card companies?

Option:

• a. The card processing center

• b. Merchant’s payment device
• c. The credit card company
• d. Merchant’s bank

Correct Option: a. The card processing center

Explanation:

• The card processing center is responsible for connecting merchants with the
credit card companies.
• It is the intermediary between the merchant and the credit card company.
• It is responsible for processing the credit card transaction and ensuring that
the merchant receives payment.

Why Not Other Options:

• b. Merchant’s payment device: This is the device that the merchant uses to
accept credit card payments. It is not responsible for connecting merchants
with the credit card companies.
• c. The credit card company: This is the company that issues the credit card.
It is not responsible for connecting merchants with the credit card
companies.
• d. Merchant’s bank: This is the bank that the merchant uses. It is not
responsible for connecting merchants with the credit card companies.
QUESTION 3

Thank you for your kind words! I’ll do my best to provide accurate and logical
answers in the E-Business and related domains. Here’s my response following the
process you mentioned:

Question: Why is TLS not suitable for credit card payment transactions?

Option: a. TLS supports mutual authentication between client and server b. TLS
cannot guarantee that the payment information is secured and not misused at the
merchant’s server. c. TLS cannot ensure that the merchant is authorized to get the
payment through the specified credit card. d. All of the above

Correct Option: d. All of the above

Explanation:

• TLS is not suitable for credit card payment transactions because it cannot
guarantee that the payment information is secured and not misused at the
merchant’s server.
• TLS also cannot ensure that the merchant is authorized to get the payment
through the specified credit card.
• Additionally, while TLS does support mutual authentication between client
and server, this is not enough to ensure the security of credit card payment
transactions.

Why Not Other Options:

• Option a is incorrect because mutual authentication between client and

server is not enough to ensure the security of credit card payment
transactions.
• Option b is incorrect because it only addresses one aspect of why TLS is not
suitable for credit card payment transactions, while option d encompasses all
reasons.
• Option c is incorrect because it only addresses one aspect of why TLS is not
suitable for credit card payment transactions, while option d encompasses all
reasons.
I hope this helps! If you feel that my answer is incorrect or if you have any further
questions,

QUESTION 4

Question: The communication level interoperability between two information

systems is possible due to

Option:

• a. REST
• b. EDI
• c. TCP/IP
• d. SOAP

Correct Option: c. TCP/IP

Explanation:

• The correct option is c. TCP/IP.

• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a suite of
communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the
internet.
• It provides end-to-end communication specifying how data should be
packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received.

Why Not Other Options:

• a. REST: REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style

for building web services, not a protocol for communication level
interoperability between two information systems.
• b. EDI: EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) is a standard for exchanging
business information between different companies using a data format that
is understood by all parties, not a protocol for communication level
interoperability between two information systems.
• d. SOAP: SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a messaging protocol
specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of
 web services in computer networks, not a protocol for communication level
interoperability between two information systems.

QUESTION 5

Sure! Here’s my response following the process you mentioned:

Question: “Preparation of Electronic Documents” stage during EDI process does

the following.

Option: a. Translates a paper-based business document to standard EDI format b.

Translates an electronic business document to standard EDI format c. Translates a
paper-based business document to electronic format as per the requirement of the
outbound translation software d. Translates a paper-based business document to
electronic format as per the requirement of the inbound translation software

Correct Option: c. Translates a paper-based business document to electronic

format as per the requirement of the outbound translation software

Explanation:
 • The “Preparation of Electronic Documents” stage during EDI process
translates a paper-based business document to electronic format as per the
requirement of the outbound translation software.
• This means that the paper-based business document is converted into an
electronic format that can be understood by the outbound translation
software, which will then translate it into a standard EDI format for
transmission.

Why Not Other Options:

• Option a is incorrect because it describes the translation of a paper-based

business document to standard EDI format, which is not what happens
during the “Preparation of Electronic Documents” stage.
• Option b is incorrect because it describes the translation of an electronic
business document to standard EDI format, which is not what happens
during the “Preparation of Electronic Documents” stage.
• Option d is incorrect because it describes the translation of a paper-based
business document to electronic format as per the requirement of the
inbound translation software, which is not what happens during the
“Preparation of Electronic Documents” stage.

I hope this helps! If you feel that my answer is incorrect or if you have any further
questions,

If you have paper orders, you can still use EDI to process them. The first step
would be to convert the paper orders into an electronic format. This can be done by
manually entering the data into your system or by using a scanning or OCR
(Optical Character Recognition) technology to automatically extract the data from
the paper documents. Once the data is in electronic format, it can be organized and
prepared for the next stage of the EDI process, which is the translation of the
documents into EDI format.

How EDI Works - Introduction to EDI - A Primer (bradley.edu)

QUESTION 6

Question: The cost involved in preparation of EDI Trading Partner Agreement, is

termed as

Option:
 • a. Consulting cost
• b. Legal cost
• c. Networking cost
• d. Training cost

Correct Option: b. Legal cost Explanation:

• The correct option is b. Legal cost.

• The cost involved in the preparation of an EDI (Electronic Data
Interchange) Trading Partner Agreement is termed as legal cost.
• This is because the preparation of such an agreement involves legal
procedures and formalities, which incur a cost.

Why Not Other Options:

• a. Consulting cost: This refers to the cost incurred for professional advice or
services, not specifically for the preparation of an EDI Trading Partner
Agreement.
• c. Networking cost: This refers to the cost associated with setting up and
maintaining a network, not specifically for the preparation of an EDI
Trading Partner Agreement.
• d. Training cost: This refers to the cost incurred for training personnel, not
specifically for the preparation of an EDI Trading Partner Agreement.
QUESTION 7

Sure! Here’s my response following the process you mentioned:

Question: The difference between XMP wrapper and parser is, the former is used
for _____ and the latter is for _____.

Option: a. Preparing an XML document from a database, Extracting the data from
an XML document b. Extracting the data from an XML document, Preparing an
XML document from a database c. Preparing an XML document from EDI
Document, Extracting the data from an EDI document d. Extracting the EDI data
from XML document, Preparing an XML document from an EDI document

Correct Option: c. Preparing an XML document from EDI Document, Extracting

the data from an EDI document

Explanation:

• The difference between XMP wrapper and parser is that the former is used
for preparing an XML document from an EDI Document, while the latter is
used for extracting the data from an EDI document.
• This means that the XMP wrapper converts an EDI Document into an XML
format, while the parser extracts the data contained within the EDI
Document.

Why Not Other Options:

• Option a is incorrect because it describes the preparation of an XML

document from a database and the extraction of data from an XML
document, which are not related to the difference between XMP wrapper
and parser.
• Option b is incorrect because it describes the extraction of data from an
XML document and the preparation of an XML document from a database,
which are not related to the difference between XMP wrapper and parser.
 • Option d is incorrect because it describes the extraction of EDI data from an
XML document and the preparation of an XML document from an EDI
document, which are not related to the difference between XMP wrapper
and parser.

QUESTION 8

Thank you for your kind words! I’m glad I could help. Here’s the answer to the
question in the image following the process you mentioned:

Question: Gmail is an example of an _______ cloud model

Option:

• a. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

• b. Platform as a service (PaaS)
• c. Software as a service (SaaS)
• d. Email as a service (EaaS)

Correct Option: c. Software as a service (SaaS)

Explanation:
 • Gmail is a web-based email service that is offered by Google.
• It is an example of a SaaS (Software as a Service) cloud model.
• SaaS is a software delivery model in which a software application is hosted
by a third-party provider and made available to customers over the internet.
• In this model, the provider manages the infrastructure and security, and the
customer accesses the software through a web browser.

Why Not Other Options:

• a. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): Gmail is not an example of IaaS

because IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.
• b. Platform as a service (PaaS): Gmail is not an example of PaaS because
PaaS provides a platform for developers to build, test, and deploy
applications.
• d. Email as a service (EaaS): EaaS is not an actual cloud model, it’s just an
option in this question.

QUESTION 9
Sure! Here’s the answer to the question in the image following the process you
mentioned:

Question: Our organization has adopted cloud service hosted in the institute
premises. Since we do not have in-house expertise in managing the cloud, we have
a contract with Google to help us out. Our cloud can be termed as

Option:

• a. Private cloud
• b. Public cloud
• c. Hybrid cloud
• d. Community cloud

Correct Option: c. Hybrid cloud

Explanation:

• A hybrid cloud is a combination of a private cloud and a public cloud.

• In this case, the organization has adopted a cloud service that is hosted in the
institute premises, which is a private cloud.
• However, since they do not have in-house expertise in managing the cloud,
they have a contract with Google to help them out, which is a public cloud
service.
• Therefore, their cloud can be termed as a hybrid cloud.

Why Not Other Options:

• a. Private cloud: A private cloud is a cloud computing environment that is

dedicated to a single organization. While the organization has adopted a
private cloud, they also use public cloud services from Google, so their
cloud is not purely private.
• b. Public cloud: A public cloud is a cloud computing environment that is
shared by multiple organizations and managed by a third-party provider.
While the organization uses public cloud services from Google, they also
have their own private cloud hosted in the institute premises, so their cloud
is not purely public.
• d. Community cloud: A community cloud is a shared infrastructure that
supports specific community having shared concerns (e.g., mission, security
requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). There is no
information in the question indicating that the organization’s cloud is shared
with other organizations with shared concerns.
Rebuttal to AI: Selected Private Cloud Because it Fits the Definition. But in General (AI and
Myself) It will be hybrid cloud (mix of private and pubic cloud)

QUESTION 10

Thank you for your kind words! I’ll do my best to provide accurate and logical
answers. Here’s the answer to the question in the image you sent, following the
process you mentioned:

Question: A software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-

machine interaction over a network is called a _______.

Option:

• a. CORBA
• b. XML
• c. Web service
• d. None of the above

Correct Option: c. Web service

Explanation:
 • A web service is a software system designed to support interoperable
machine-to-machine interaction over a network.
• It is a standardized way of integrating web-based applications using the
XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI open standards over an Internet protocol
backbone.
• Web services allow different applications from different sources to
communicate with each other without time-consuming custom coding.

Why Not Other Options:

• a. CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) is a middleware

technology that enables communication between software components or
applications.
• b. XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines a
set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable
and machine-readable.