Cloud Computing Architecture

Dr. Subrajeet Mohapatra

Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
BIT Mesra, Ranchi
Jharkhand

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Architecture

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Introduction
• Utility-oriented data centers are the first outcome of cloud
computing, and they serve as the infra- structure through which
the services are implemented and delivered.
• Any cloud service, whether virtual hardware, development
platform, or application software, relies on a distributed
infrastructure owned by the provider or rented from a third
party.
• Cloud computing can be implemented using a datacenter, a
collection of clusters, or a heterogeneous distributed system
composed of desktop PCs, workstations, and servers.
• According to the specific service delivered to the end user,
different layers can be stacked on top of the virtual infrastructure
(Virtual machine manager, a development platform, or a specific
application middleware).

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Introduction
• The cloud computing paradigm emerged as a result of the
convergence of various existing models, technologies, and
concepts that changed the way we deliver and use IT services.

Cloud computing is a utility-oriented and Internet-centric way of

delivering IT services on demand.
Cloud computing refers to storing and accessing data and
programs on remote servers that are hosted on internet instead of
computer’s hard drive or local server.
• These services cover the entire computing stack: from the
hardware infrastructure packaged as a set of VMs to S/W
services such as development platforms and distributed
applications.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Essential Characteristics

Al cloud computing based products, solutions and services must

fulfill the above five criteria's.
Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Architecture
• Cloud computing architecture refers to the components and sub
components required for cloud computing.
• These component typically refer to:
• Front end (Thick client, Thin client)
• Back end Platforms (Servers, Storage)
• Cloud based delivery and a network (Internet, Intranet, Inter cloud).

Subrajeet Mohapatra
6 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Thick Client vs. Thin Client
Thin Client :
• An application that runs on a server based computing environment.
• Works by connecting to a remote server based environment, where most
applications and data is stored.
• Server performs most of the tasks like computations and calculations.
• More secure than thick client systems when it comes to security threats.
• System management is much easier as there are centralized servers.
Thick client
• A software that implements its own features and not dependent on
server’s applications.
• May connect to servers but remains mostly functional when disconnected.
• They have their own operating system and software applications.
• Have high flexibility and high server capacity.
• Have more security threats and are less secure than thin clients.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
7 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Thick Client vs. Thin Client

Subrajeet Mohapatra
8 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Architecture (Simpler)

Subrajeet Mohapatra
9 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Components of a Cloud Computing Architecture
Front End
• Used by the client (cloud user) and contains client-side interfaces
and applications that are required to access the cloud computing
platforms.
• Includes web servers (including Chrome, Firefox, internet
explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile devices.
Back End
• The back end is used by the service provider.
• It manages all the resources that are required to provide cloud
computing services.
• Includes a huge amount of data storage, security mechanism,
virtual machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control
mechanisms, etc.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
1 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Components of a Cloud Computing Architecture
• Client Infrastructure : A front end component that provides GUI to
interact/access cloud services.
• Application : Refers to any software or platform that a client wants to
access.
• Service : Cloud computing offers three type of services: SaaS, PaaS, and
Iaas.
• Runtime Cloud : Provides execution and runtime environment to the
VM’s.
• Storage Infrastructure: Provides storage capacity in the cloud to store
and manage data.
• Cloud Infrastructure :
• Provides services on the host level, application level, and network level.
• Cloud infrastructure includes H/W and S/W components i.e. servers,
storage, network devices, virtualization software, and other storage
resources that are needed to support the cloud computing model.
Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Components of a Cloud Computing Architecture
• Management: Includes managing components i.e. application, service,
runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other security issues in the
backend and establish coordination between them.
• Security : An in-built back end component of cloud computing which
implements security mechanism.
• Internet : An medium through which front end and back end can interact
and communicate with each other.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (Detailed)

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (Detailed)
• Reference architecture is a generic high-level conceptual model for
discussing the requirements, structures, and operations of cloud
computing.
• Current model is not tied to any specific vendor products, services,
or reference implementation.
• Cloud Computing reference architecture defines five major actors :
cloud consumer, cloud provider, cloud auditor, cloud broker and
cloud carrier.
• Each actor is an entity (a person or an organization that
participate in a transaction or process and/or performs tasks in
cloud computing

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Actors in Cloud Computing Reference Architecture

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Architectural Components of a Cloud Computing
• Service Deployment :
• Deployment model can be public, private, community and hybrid.
• Service Orchestration :
• Refers to the composition of system components to support the
cloud providers activities in arrangement, coordination and
management of computing resources in order to provide cloud
services to Cloud Consumers.
• It consists of three layers i.e. service layer, resource abstraction and
control layer and physical resource layer
• Cloud Service Management :
• Includes all of the service-related functions that are necessary for the
management and operation of those services required by cloud
consumers.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Architectural Components of a Cloud Computing
• Security :
• Cloud Computing systems need to address security requirements
such as authentication, authorization, availability, confidentiality,
identity management, integrity, audit, security monitoring, incident
response, and security policy management.
• Security in cloud computing spans across all layers of the reference
model, ranging from physical security to application security.
• Privacy
• Cloud providers should protect the assured, proper, and consistent
collection, processing, communication, use and disposition of
personal information and personally identifiable information in the
cloud.
• Its also the responsibility of cloud auditor to audit and report
privacy in cloud computing architecture and actors involved.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Service Reference Model
• Cloud computing supports any IT service that can be consumed as
a utility and delivered through a N/W, most likely the Internet.
• Such characterization includes quite different aspects:
infrastructure, development platforms, application and services.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Service Reference Model

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Service Reference Model

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Service Reference Model Comparison

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Deployment Models

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Deployment Models

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Deployment Models Comparison

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Based Services
Lecture 2, Module-4

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Based Services
• The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the
Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local
server or a personal computer.
• Organizations offering these computing services are known as
cloud service providers (CSP’s).
• CSP’s typically charge for cloud computing services based on
amount of usage.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Stack
• Cloud computing has commonly been referred to as a “stack”
because it typically encompasses many different types of services
which have been built on top of each other under a “cloud”.
• Most cloud computing services fall into three broad categories :
• Software as a service (Saas)
• Platform as a service (PaaS)
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
• Anything as a service (XaaS)
• Understanding cloud computing stack makes its easier to achieve
the individual goals

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Stack

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Stack

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Cloud Computing Stack (Horizontal View)

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
Introduction
• SaaS is a software delivery model wherein the software is
delivered to the user over the internet in a subscription-based or
pay-as-you-go model.
• Allows continual updates, provides the ability to access the
software nearly anywhere, and gives the option for the customer
to stop or start using the software service at will.
• In the SaaS model software is deployed as a hosted service and
accessed over the internet, as opposed to “On premise”.
• Traditional software distribution model was based on the concept
of software as a product (Purchased and installed on personal
computers)
• SaaS users subscribe to an application rather than purchasing it
once and installing it.
Subrajeet Mohapatra
3 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
Installed Software Vs. SaaS

Subrajeet Mohapatra
3 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
Installed Software Vs. SaaS

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
Benefits of SaaS

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
History of SaaS

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
Characteristics of SaaS

• Multi-tenancy model
• Automated provisioning
• Single Sign On
• Subscription based billing
• High availability
• Elastic Infrastructure
• Data Security
• Application Security
• Rate limiting/QoS
• Audit

Subrajeet Mohapatra
3 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
Types of SaaS

There are two main varieties of SaaS:

• Vertical SaaS : Software which answers the needs of a specific
industry (e.g., software for the healthcare, agriculture, real estate,
finance industries).
• Horizontal SaaS : The products which focus on a software
category (marketing, sales, developer tools, HR) but are industry
neutral.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
3 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
Types of SaaS

Subrajeet Mohapatra
3 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Software as a Service
Vertical SaaS vs. Horizontal SaaS

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
What does Platform means?

• A platform is a group of technologies that are used as a base

upon which other applications, processes or technologies are
developed.

• In personal computing, a platform is the basic hardware

(computer) and software (operating system) on which software
applications can be run.

• Computing environment constitutes the basic foundation upon

which any application or software is supported and/or
developed.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Platform Standards

• The platform conforms to a set of standards that enable software

developers to develop software applications for the platform.

• Standards allow owners and managers to purchase appropriate

applications and hardware for running different applications.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service (Iaas to PaaS)
• IaaS provides VMs and resources such that IaaS vendors can
segment resources for each user
• IaaS users are not required to invest in hardware
• IaaS provides features for optimum utilization of computing
resources

Is it Enough !!

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service

What Iaas can do?

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Iaas is Not Sufficient Enough

• IaaS provides many virtual or physical machines, but it cannot

alter the quantity automatically
• Consumers might
• Require to make automatic decisions from dispatching jobs to assign
available resources
• Need a running environment or a development and testing platform to
design their applications or services

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
More Consumer Requirements

• Large-scale resource abstraction and management

• Requirement of large-scale resources on demand
• Running and hosting environment
• Automatic and autonomous mechanism
• Distribution and management of jobs
• Access control and authentication

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
We need more services

PaaS provides it for them

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
PaaS buys it for you

• PaaS provides a series of properties that can satisfy user’s

requirements
• Guarantees the quality of resources, services and applications

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
From IaaS to PaaS

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Platform as a service (PaaS) is a computing platform that abstracts
the infrastructure, OS, and middleware to drive developer
productivity.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
4 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
• Deliver the computing platform as a service
• Developing applications using programming languages and tools
supported by the PaaS provider
• Deploying consumer-created applications onto the cloud infrastructure

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
• Resource Pool : The capacities to abstract and control all the
underlying resources

• Resource Pool dynamically

provides an abstraction and
consolidation of large-scale
resources
• Consumers can acquire and
return resources from the
resource pool on demand

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Resource Pool
• Reduce the complexity and responsibility of cloud infrastructure
• Provide the automatic management to provision resources
• Access resources from the resource pool on demand

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Resource Pool
• PaaS providers define the smallest unit of resource
• 1GHz CPU computation ability
• 1GB storage space
• 1MB memory capacity …etc
• PaaS consumers can require units on their demand
• Consumers may not be aware of whether provided resource is
dedicate or shared

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
• Core Platform : To provide a reliable environment for running
applications and services (Enabling Services provide Core Platform
abstract Resource Pool)
• Core Platform provides basic functionalities of a PaaS
environment
• Act as a bridge between consumer and hardware

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Core Platform
• Reduce the responsibility of the runtime environment
• Based on the core platform developers develop their applications
• Developers are not required to take care about how to built,
configure, manage and maintain the backend environment

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Core Platform
• PaaS providers can provide a runtime environment for the
developer
• Runtime environment is an automatic control such that consumers
can focus on their services
• Dynamic provisioning
• On-demand resource provisioning
• Load balancing
• Distribute workload evenly among resources
• Fault tolerance
• Continuously operating in the presence of failures
• System monitoring
• Monitor the system status and measure the usage of resources

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Enabling Services :To provide platform interfaces and services to drive
the development productivities
• Enabling Services provide programming IDE and system control
interfaces to access the PaaS environment
• Consumers can develop their applications through the APIs and
development tools

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Enabling Services
• Provide a development and testing platform for running
developed applications on the runtime environment
• Reduce the responsibility of managing the development
environment
• Decrease the development period

Subrajeet Mohapatra
5 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Enabling Services
• Enabling Services are the main focus of consumers
• Consumers can make use of these sustaining services to develop
their applications
• Programming IDE
• Integrate the full functionalities supported from the runtime
environment
• Provide some development tools, such as profiler, debugger and testing
environment
• System Control Interfaces
• Make the decision according to some principles and requirements
• Describe the flow of installation and configuration of resources

Subrajeet Mohapatra
59 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Platform as a Service
Properties and Characteristics of PaaS
• Scalability
• Availability
• Manageability
• Performance
• Accessibility

Subrajeet Mohapatra
60 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
PaaS Vendors

Subrajeet Mohapatra
61 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
PaaS Vendors
Summary
• PaaS is a magic box
• Request anything on demand, and return the rent of resources
dynamically
• Automatically build an initial environment
• Support self-management with high quality of service and
performance
• Provides fault tolerance and disaster recovery ability that make
services more available and reliable
• Support the security property to limit malicious behavior in
cloud environments
• Do not care about how PaaS works
• Pay as you go

Subrajeet Mohapatra
62 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Infrastructure as a Service
• Infrastructure as a service ( IaaS) is a means of delivering
computing infrastructure as an on-demand service.
• An instant computing infrastructure, provisioned and managed
over the internet.
• It is one of the three fundamental cloud service models
• IaaS quickly scales up and down with demand, letting you pay
only for what you use.
• It helps you avoid the expense and complexity of buying and
managing your own physical servers and other data center
infrastructure.

Subrajeet Mohapatra
63 Department of CSE, BIT Mesra
Thank You

Subrajeet Mohapatra
Department of CSE, BIT Mesra