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Christy Varghese
• Author of bestseller books for CSIR-NET General Aptitude
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CHRISTY’S CLASSES YOUTUBE CHANNEL: GATE GA COMPLETE COURSE : LECTURE 23: AVERAGE & MIXTURES

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Properties of Arithmetic Mean

✓ For an arithmetic progression, Arithmetic Mean = Median
✓ The value of the arithmetic mean of two elements is always in
between the value of the two elements.

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Important facts about Arithmetic mean:

▪ If each of the given element is increased or decreased by x, then
their average is also respectively increased or decreased by x.
Example: The average of 45, 55, 80 is 60. If 20 is added to each of
the elements the new set is 65, 75, 100 whose average is 80. Clearly
80 is 20 more than the initial average 60.

▪ If each of the given elements is multiplied by x, then their average

gets multiplied by x.
▪ If each of the given elements is divided by a nonzero x, then their
average gets divided by x. By Christy Varghese
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 CHRISTY’S CLASSES YOUTUBE CHANNEL: GATE GA COMPLETE COURSE : LECTURE 23: AVERAGE & MIXTURES
If each number in a set of ten numbers is increased by 10, the
arithmetic mean of the original ten numbers:

(a) Remains the same

(b) Is increased by 20
(c) Is increased by 200
(d) Is increased by 10

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The numbers be
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J

Arithmetic mean = A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H + I + J

10

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The new numbers are

A+10, B+10, C+10, D+10, E+10, F+10, G+10, H+10, I+10 and J+10

Arithmetic mean = A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H + I + J + 100

10

= A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H+I+J
+ 10
10

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CORRECT ANSWER : D

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Batch Average
▪ If x1 and x2 are the arithmetic means of two samples of sizes n1 and
n2 respectively, then the arithmetic mean z of the distribution
combining the two samples can be calculated as
𝐧𝟏 𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐧𝟐 𝐱 𝟐
z=
𝐧𝟏 + 𝐧𝟐
▪ If x1, x2,…,xk are the arithmetic means of k samples of sizes n1, n2,
n3,…,nk respectively, then the arithmetic mean z of the distribution
combining the k samples can be calculated as:
𝐧𝟏 𝐱𝟏 + 𝐧𝟐 𝐱𝟐 +⋯+ 𝐧𝐤 𝐱𝐤
z=
𝐧𝟏 + 𝐧𝟐 +⋯+𝐧𝐤
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Standard Deviation:
Standard deviation is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of
variation of a set of values. A standard deviation close to 0 indicates
that the data points tend to be very close to the mean of the set, while
a high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out
over a wider range of values.

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In a company with 100 employees, 45 earn Rs. 20,000 per month, 25 earn Rs. 30,000, 20 earn
Rs. 40,000, 8 earn Rs. 60,000, and 2 earn Rs. 150,000. The median of the salaries is
(A) Rs. 20,000 (B) Rs. 30,000 (C) 32,300 (D) Rs. 40,000
(GATE – 2017)

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The following sequence of numbers is arranged in increasing order: 𝟏, 𝒙, 𝒙, 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒚, 𝟗, 𝟏𝟔, 𝟏𝟖.

Given that the mean and median are equal, and are also equal to twice the mode, the value of 𝒚
is (GATE – 2017)
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8

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What is the average of all multiples of 10 from 2 to 198? (GATE – 2014)

(A) 90 (B) 100 (C) 110 (D) 120

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The statistics of runs scored in a series by four batsmen Standard
Batsman Average
are provided in the following table. Who is the most deviation
consistent batsman of these four? K 31.2 5.21
L 46.0 6.35
(A) K (B) L (C) M (D) N M 54.4 6.22
N 17.9 5.90

(GATE – 2014)

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Which of the following assertions are CORRECT? (GATE – 2012)

P : Adding 7 to each entry in a list adds 7 to the mean of the list
Q : Adding 7 to each entry in a list adds 7 to the standard deviation of the list
R : Doubling each entry in a list doubles the mean of the list
S : Doubling each entry in a list leaves the standard deviation of the list unchanged
(A) P, Q (B) Q, R (C) P, R (D) R, S

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For the past m days, the average daily production at a company was 100 units
per day. If today’s production of 180 units changes the average to 110 units per
day, what is the value of 𝑚?
(A) 18 (B) 10 (C) 7 (D) 5
(GATE 2022)

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For the past m days, the average daily production at a company was 100 units
per day. If today’s production of 180 units changes the average to 110 units per
day, what is the value of 𝑚?
(A) 18 (B) 10 (C) 7 (D) 5
Production in 'm' days = 100 m (GATE 2022)
Adding today's day, new production in (m + 1) days = 100 (m + 1)
New average production = 110
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐦 + 𝟏𝟖𝟎
= 100
(𝐦+𝟏)
100 m + 180 = 110 (m + 1)
100 m + 180 = 110 m + 110
10 m = 70
m=7
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The average of the monthly salaries of M, N and S is ₹ 4000. The

average of the monthly salaries of N, S and P is ₹ 5000. The monthly
salary of P is ₹ 6000. What is the monthly salary of M as a percentage
of the monthly salary of P?
(A) 50% (B) 75% (C) 100% (D) 125%

(GATE 2022)

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The average of the monthly salaries of M, N and S is ₹ 4000. The average of the monthly salaries of N, S and P is
₹ 5000. The monthly salary of P is ₹ 6000. What is the monthly salary of M as a percentage of the monthly
salary of P?
(A) 50% (B) 75% (C) 100% (D) 125% (GATE 2022)
The average of the monthly salaries of M, N and S is ₹4000.
𝐌+ 𝐍+ 𝐒
∴4000 =
𝟑
M+N+S=12000 ... (1)
The average of the monthly salaries of N, S and P is ₹5000.
𝐍+𝐒+𝑷
∴5000=
𝟑
N+S+ P=15000
Given: P = 6000
Thus, N + S + 6000 = 15000
N + S= 9000 …(2)
From (1) and (2),
M +9000 = 12000
M = 3000
𝑴 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏 By Christy Varghese
(%) = ×100 = ×100 = 50%
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The above frequency chart shows the frequency distribution of

marks obtained by a set of students in an exam. From the data
presented above, which one of the following is CORRECT?
(A) mean > mode > median
(B) mode > median > mean
(C) mode > mean > median
(D) median > mode > mean

(GATE 2022)

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𝒇𝟏 𝒙𝟏 +𝒇𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝒇𝟑 𝒙𝟑 +...+𝒇𝟕 𝒙𝟕
Mean =
𝒇𝟏 +𝒇𝟐 +𝒇𝟑 +...+𝒇𝟕
𝟑×𝟑+𝟗×𝟒+𝟏𝟏×𝟓+𝟕×𝟔+𝟏𝟒×𝟕+𝟐×𝟖+𝟒×𝟗 𝟐𝟗𝟐
= =
𝟑+𝟗+𝟏𝟏+𝟕+𝟏𝟒+𝟐+𝟒 𝟓𝟎
Mean = 5.84 ... (1)

𝒏 𝒕𝒉 𝒏 𝒕𝒉
𝟐
+ 𝟐+𝟏
Median=
𝟐
𝟓𝟎 𝒕𝒉 𝟓𝟎 𝒕𝒉
𝟐
+ 𝟐 +𝟏 𝟐𝟓𝒕𝒉 +𝟐𝟔𝒕𝒉 𝟔+𝟔
= = =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Median = 6 …(2)

Mode = Most frequently occurred observation

∴ Mode = 7 …(3)
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Ten friends planned to share equally the cost of buying a gift for their teacher. When two of
them decided not to contribute, each of the other friends had to pay Rs. 150 more. The cost
of the gift was Rs. ____. (GATE- 2019)
(A) 666 (B) 3000 (C) 6000 (D) 12000

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Ten friends planned to share equally the cost of buying a gift for their teacher. When two of
them decided not to contribute, each of the other friends had to pay Rs. 150 more. The cost
of the gift was Rs. ____. (GATE- 2019)
(A) 666 (B) 3000 (C) 6000 (D) 12000
We are required to find the total cost of the gift.
Let’s call 10 friends as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J.
As any 2 of them, let’s say I & J, decide not to contribute; each of the other 8 friends had to pay Rs. 150 more.
So,
+150 +150 +150 +150

A B C D E F G H I J

+150 +150 +150 +150

That means, 8 ×150 = 1200.

So, 1200 is the combined share of I & J and individual share is 600.
Thus all individual supposed to contribute Rs. 600 each.
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The arithmetic mean of five different natural numbers is 12. The largest possible value among
the numbers is (GATE – 2012)
(A) 12 (B) 40 (C) 50 (D) 60

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In the summer of 2012, in New Delhi, the mean temperature of Monday to Wednesday was 41℃ and
of Tuesday to Thursday was 43℃. If the temperature on Thursday was 15% higher than that of
Monday, then the temperature in ℃ on Thursday was (GATE – 2013)
(A) 40 (B) 43 (C) 46 (D) 49

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Alligation Trick

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The average heights of boys and girls in a class are 165 cm and 150 cm,
respectively. If the average height of the entire class is 160 cm then
the ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys in the class is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1.65 : 1.6 (d) 2 : 3

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 CHRISTY’S CLASSES YOUTUBE CHANNEL: GATE GA COMPLETE COURSE : LECTURE 23: AVERAGE & MIXTURES
The average heights of boys and girls in a class are 165 cm and 150 cm,
respectively. If the average height of the entire class is 160 cm then
the ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys in the class is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1.65 : 1.6 (d) 2 : 3
If x1 and x2 are the arithmetic means of two samples of sizes n1 and n2 respectively, then the
arithmetic mean z of the distribution combining the two samples can be calculated as
𝐧 𝟏 𝐱 𝟏 + 𝐧𝟐 𝐱 𝟐
z=
𝐧𝟏 + 𝐧𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝟓𝐧𝟏 +𝟏𝟓𝟎𝐧𝟐
Here 160 =
𝐧𝟏 + 𝐧𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝟎𝐧𝟏 + 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝐧𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝐧𝟏 + 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝐧𝟐
5𝐧𝟏 = 10𝐧𝟐
𝐧𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝑩𝒐𝒚𝒔
= = = By Christy Varghese
𝐧𝟐 𝟓 𝟏 𝑮𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒔
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 CHRISTY’S CLASSES YOUTUBE CHANNEL: GATE GA COMPLETE COURSE : LECTURE 23: AVERAGE & MIXTURES
The average heights of boys and girls in a class are 165 cm and 150 cm,
respectively. If the average height of the entire class is 160 cm then
the ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys in the class is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1.65 : 1.6 (d) 2 : 3
(CSIR-NET FEB 2022)

150 165

160

5 10
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CORRECT ANSWER : B

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The ratio in which two salt solutions of the concentrations 40% and
80% are to be mixed to get a solution of concentration of 60% is
a. 1:1 b. 1:2 c. 2:1 d. 3:1

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The ratio in which two salt solutions of the concentrations 40% and
80% are to be mixed to get a solution of concentration of 60% is
a. 1:1 b. 1:2 c. 2:1 d. 3:1

40 80

60

20 20

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The ratio in which two salt solutions of the concentrations 40% and
80% are to be mixed to get a solution of concentration of 50% is
a. 1:3 b. 1:2 c. 3:1 d. 2:3

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The ratio in which two salt solutions of the concentrations 40% and
80% are to be mixed to get a solution of concentration of 50% is
a. 1:3 b. 1:2 c. 3:1 d. 2:3

40 80

50

30 10

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A solution of 82% purity and another solution of 88% purity are mixed
resulting in 30 litres of mixture with 86% purity. How much is the
quantity of the 2nd solution in the resulting mixture?
(a) 5 L (b) 10 L (c) 15 L (d) 20 L

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A solution of 82% purity and another solution of 88% purity are mixed
resulting in 30 litres of mixture with 86% purity. How much is the
quantity of the 2nd solution in the resulting mixture?
(a) 5 L (b) 10 L (c) 15 L (d) 20 L
82 88

86

2 4

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In an exam the average marks for the class was 60, the average of
marks of the students who passed was 70 and those failed was 30.
What is the percentage of the students of the class who failed?
(a) 25 (b) 40 (c) 60 (d) 75
CSIR-NET NOV 2020

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In an exam the average marks for the class was 60, the average of
marks of the students who passed was 70 and those failed was 30.
What is the percentage of the students of the class who failed?
(a) 25 (b) 40 (c) 60 (d) 75
CSIR-NET NOV 2020

30 70

60

10 30
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Of the employees of a company 60 are male and the rest are female.
The overall average salary is Rs.9,000; the average for the female
employees is Rs.12000 and that of male employees is Rs.7000. The
difference between the numbers of male and female employees is
(a) 30 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 40

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Of the employees of a company 60 are male and the rest are female.
The overall average salary is Rs.9,000; the average for the female
employees is Rs.12000 and that of male employees is Rs.7000. The
difference between the numbers of male and female employees is
(a) 30 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 40

7000 12000

9000

3000 2000
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Q- Let 𝑿 be a continuous random variable denoting the temperature measured. The

range of temperature is [0, 100] Degree Celsius and let the probability density
function of X be 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 for 𝟎 ≤ 𝑿 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎.
The mean of 𝑿 is ________
(A) 2.5 (B) 5.0 (C) 25.0 (D) 50.0
(GATE 2021)

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A container originally contains 10 litres of pure spirit. From this container 1 litre of spirit is replaced
with 1 litre of water. Subsequently, 1 litre of the mixture is again replaced with 1 litre of water and
this process is repeated one more time. How much spirit is now left in the container?
(A) 7.58 litres (B) 7.84 litres (C) 7 litres (D) 7.29 litres
(GATE – 2011)

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Two alloys A and B contain gold and copper in the ratios of 2:3 and 3:7 by mass, respectively.
Equal masses of alloys A and B are melted to make an alloy C. The ratio of gold to copper in
alloy C is _______. (GATE 2018)
(A) 5:10 (B) 7:13 (C) 6:11 (D) 9:13

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 CHRISTY’S CLASSES YOUTUBE CHANNEL: GATE GA COMPLETE COURSE : LECTURE 23: AVERAGE & MIXTURES

Two alloys A and B contain gold and copper in the ratios of 2:3 and 3:7 by mass, respectively.
Equal masses of alloys A and B are melted to make an alloy C. The ratio of gold to copper in
alloy C is _______. (GATE 2018)
(A) 5:10 (B) 7:13 (C) 6:11 (D) 9:13
 First of all, we need to make masses of this alloys to be equal; that means total should be
equal.
• In alloy A: Gold and copper are 2gm and 3gm respectively; so, 2+3 = 5 portions total
• In alloy B: gold and copper are 3 g and 7g respectively; so, 3+7 = 10 portions total.
• So, to make masses equal, we need to make both of them 10 in total.

Gold Copper Total

4 6
Alloy A 10
(As 2g in 5g total) (As 3g in 5g total)
Alloy B 3 7 By Christy
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