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    Pneumatic Transport

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    Nabayan Saha
    The document discusses different types of pneumatic transport systems including dilute phase, dense phase, and horizontal dilute transport. It covers topics such as choking velocity, pressure drop calculation using Bernoulli's equation, solid-wall and gas-wall frictional forces, handling bends in piping systems, and considerations for stable plug formation in dense phase transport. Slurry transport is also briefly discussed where slurries are non-Newtonian fluid mixtures used to convey materials like coal and minerals, often using centrifugal or reciprocating pumps.

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    Pneumatic Transport

    Uploaded by

    Nabayan Saha
    20 views17 pages
    The document discusses different types of pneumatic transport systems including dilute phase, dense phase, and horizontal dilute transport. It covers topics such as choking velocity, pressure drop calculation using Bernoulli's equation, solid-wall and gas-wall frictional forces, handling bends in piping systems, and considerations for stable plug formation in dense phase transport. Slurry transport is also briefly discussed where slurries are non-Newtonian fluid mixtures used to convey materials like coal and minerals, often using centrifugal or reciprocating pumps.

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    The document discusses different types of pneumatic transport systems including dilute phase, dense phase, and horizontal dilute transport. It covers topics such as choking velocity, pressure drop calculation using Bernoulli's equation, solid-wall and gas-wall frictional forces, handling bends in piping systems, and considerations for stable plug formation in dense phase transport. Slurry transport is also briefly discussed where slurries are non-Newtonian fluid mixtures used to convey materials like coal and minerals, often using centrifugal or reciprocating pumps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views17 pages

    Pneumatic Transport

    Uploaded by

    Nabayan Saha
    The document discusses different types of pneumatic transport systems including dilute phase, dense phase, and horizontal dilute transport. It covers topics such as choking velocity, pressure drop calculation using Bernoulli's equation, solid-wall and gas-wall frictional forces, handling bends in piping systems, and considerations for stable plug formation in dense phase transport. Slurry transport is also briefly discussed where slurries are non-Newtonian fluid mixtures used to convey materials like coal and minerals, often using centrifugal or reciprocating pumps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT

    DR. SWAMBABU VARANASI


    PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT
     Dilute phase
     Vertical
     Horizontal
     Dense phase
     Horizontal dilute transport
     Saltation velocity
    PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT
     Vertical Dilute phase transport
     Choking velocity -
    PRESSURE DROP

    Bernoulli Equation:

    Pressure energy + potential energy + kinetic energy = Constant


    1
    𝑃1 𝑃2 𝜌𝐿𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜌 𝑈 𝑈 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡
    2
    If loss of energy due to friction is considered ϴ

    Pressure energy + potential energy + kinetic energy = loss of energy due to friction

    Gas Solids Gas Solids Gas Solids


    and and
    Wall Wall
    PRESSURE DROP
     Net pressure force = ΔP
     Net gas‐wall frictional forces  = Ffw A ΔL
     Net solid‐wall frictional forces = Fpw A ΔL
     Gravitation forces = Gravitation force offered by gas + Gravitation force offered by gas
    = mass of gas in the element * g + mass of particles in the element * g
    = A * ΔL*ε*ρf*g sin ϴ + A * ΔL*(1‐ε)*ρp*g *g sin ϴ
     Rate of increase in momentum of gas =  change in  Mf 𝑚 𝑈𝑓 = A Uf ε ρf ΔUf
     Rate of increase in momentum of particles = A Up(1 – ε) ρp ΔUp
     Substituting all these in the momentum balance expression:
    ‐ A ΔP ‐ Ffw A ΔL ‐ Fpw A ΔL ‐ A * ΔL*ε*ρf*g sin ϴ ‐ A * ΔL*(1‐ε)*ρp*g *g sin ϴ = A Uf ε ρf Δuf + A Up(1 – ε) ρp ΔUp
    1 1
    𝑃1 𝑃2 𝐹𝑓𝑤𝐿 𝐹𝑝𝑤𝐿 𝜌𝑓𝐿𝜀𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜌𝑝𝐿 1 𝜀 𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜀𝜌𝑓 𝑈 1 𝜀 𝜌𝑝 𝑈
    2 2
    PRESSURE DROP
    Pressure energy + potential energy + kinetic energy = loss of energy due to friction

    Gas Solids Gas Solids


    Gas Solids 1
    1 1 𝜀 𝜌𝑝 𝑈 and and
    𝜌𝑓𝐿𝜀𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜌𝑝𝐿 1 𝜀 𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜀𝜌𝑓 𝑈
    2 2 Wall Wall
    𝐹 𝐿 𝐹 𝐿

    1 1
    𝑃1 𝑃2 𝐹𝑓𝑤𝐿 𝐹𝑝𝑤𝐿 𝜌𝑓𝐿𝜀𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜌𝑝𝐿 1 𝜀 𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜀𝜌𝑓 𝑈 1 𝜀 𝜌𝑝 𝑈
    2 2
    PRESSURE DROP

    Solid – wall frictional forces per unit volume


     Konno – Saito correlation for vertical dilute pneumatic transport :

     For horizontal dilute pneumatic transport :

     Hinkle correlation for Up :

     Hinkle correlation for fp :


    PRESSURE DROP

     Gas – Solid frictional forces:


    Assuming the low concentration of particles, presence of particles effects can be neglected in estimating FfwL

    For flow of gas through pipe: FfwL = 2 fg ρg Uf2 L / D


    fg = fanning friction factor
    BENDS

     Zenz (1964) proposed to use blind tees:

    Pressure drop in the bends = 7.5 times the vertical section pressure drop
    TYPICAL DILUTE PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT
    DENSE PHASE PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT
    TACKLING THE PLUG FORMATION
     Forming a stable plugs
    Time operated air knife Alternating air valve
    STABLE PLUGS – WHICH TYPE OF PARTICLES?

     Geldart’s Chart

    Group A and D powder can tend to form stable plugs


    and are suitable for Dense phase pneumatic transport
    SLURRY TRANSPORT
     A slurry is a mixture of a liquid and solid particles.
     ‘sludge’ typically refers to a highly concentrated slurry containing fine particulate material.
     Slurries are often used to transport coal, phosphates and minerals.
     In most slurries, the liquid phase is water. However, coal–oil and coal–methanol fuels are examples of slurries
    made up with liquids other than water
     Flow behaviour – non-Newtonian fluids
    SLURRY CONVEYING SYSTEM
    PUMPS

     If the discharge pressure is less 45 bar – centrifugal pumps are preferred.


     If the discharge pressure is greater than 45 bar – positive displacement pumps or reciprocating pumps

    Plunger Pump Single Acting Piston Pump


    Thank you

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