Chem 111 Cheat Sheet

by JadeWatson via cheatography.com/20924/cs/3940/

Miscel​laneous Formulas Activity Series (cont) Interm​ole​cular Forces

Area of a 3.14r2 Manganese Bond Substance Melting Boiling

Circle Zinc Point Point
Volume area x height (K) (K)
Chromium
Density mass/v​olume Covalent Diamond 3800 4300
Iron
% [(#of atoms of elemen​t)x​(atomic Metallic Beryllium 1560 2742
Cobalt
Compos​ weight of elemen​t)]​/fo​rmula Ionic Lithium 1118 1949
Nickel
ition of weight of substance x 100 Fluoride
Tin
Element Dispersion Nitrogen 63 77
Lead
% Yield [(actual yield)​/(t​heo​retical yield)] Force
x 100 Hydrogen
Dipole​- HCl 158 188
Molarity (moles of solute​)/(​volume of Copper Dipole
solution in Liters) Silver Force

Effective (atomic number) - (screening Mercury Hydrogen HF 190 293

Nuclear constant)
Platinum
Charge Metric System
Gold
Dipole Qr Prefix Abbrev​iation Meaning
The higher up, the greater the ease of
Moment
Peta P 1015
oxidation
Bond (# shared electrons) - (#
Tera T 1012
Order nonbonding electr​ons))
Light Formulas Giga G 109
Pressure (force) / (area)
The speed of light 3.00 x 108 ms Mega M 106
Pressure nRT
(c) Kilo k 103
x
c= (wavel​enght) x Deci d 10-1
Volume
(velocity)
Density mass / volume Centi c 10-2
-34
Planck's Constant 6.626 x 10 J-s
of Gas Milli m 10-3
(h)
Density (pressure x Molarity) / (R x Micro u 10-6
E= hv
of Gas temp.) Nano n 10-9
Rydberg Constant 1.097 x 107 m-1
Molarity (density x R x Temper​ature) /
(Rh)
of Gas pressure Temper​ature Conver​sions
wavelength = h / (mv)
Vapor -(change in Hvap) / RT + C1 Celsius to Kelvin K = C + 273.15
Pressure
Calories in Food Kelvin to Celsius C = K - 273.15
Celsius to Fahrenheit F = 9/5(C) + 32
Activity Series Fat 8.8
Fahrenheit to Celsius C = 5/9 (F) - 32
Lithium Protein 4.1

Potassium Carbs 4.1

Laws
Barium
Law of -French Chemist, Joseph Louis
Calcium Constant Proust (1800):the elemental
Sodium Compet​‐ compos​ition of a compound is
ition almost always the same
Magnesium
Aluminium

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 Chem 111 Cheat Sheet
by JadeWatson via cheatography.com/20924/cs/3940/

Laws (cont) Conver​sions SI Units

Law of The total mass of substances 1 amu 1.66054 x 10 -24g Physical Quantity Name of Abbrev​‐
Conse present at the end of a chemical Grams to Moles divide by formula Unit iation
r​vation process is the same as the mass weight Mass Kilogram kg
of of substances present before the
Moles to Grams multiply by formula Length Meter m
Mass process took place
weight Time Second s or sec
Moles to multiply by 6.022 x Temper​tature Kelvin K
Energy Formulas
Molecules 1023
Kinetic 1/2mv2 Amount of Mole mol
Molecules to divide by 6.022 x 10 23 Substance
Energy (Ek)
Moles
Potential (kQ1Q2)/d Electric Current Ampere amp or A
Energy (Eel) Luminous Candela cd
Magnetic Quantum Number
Work force x distance Intensity
n l m1
Work -Pressure x (change in
1 0 0 States of Matter
Volume)
2 0 0 Liquid Gas Solid
Internal E(final) - E(initial)
- 1 1, 0, -1 assumes shape assumes retains
Energy
3 0 0 of the portion of volume and own
Enthalpy (H) (internal energy) +
- 1 1, 0, -1 container it shape of shape
(pressure x volume)
occupies container and
Enthalpy of H (products) - H (react​ants) - 2 2, 1, 0, -1, -2
volume
Reaction 4 0 0
does not expands to does not
Specific Heat (heat transf​erred) / (mass x - 1 1, 0, -1
expand to fill fill container expand to
change in temp.)
- 2 2, 1, 0, -1, -2 container fill
Change in m x s x (change in T) container
- 3 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3
Enthalpy
is virtually is compre​‐ is virtually
Lattice K [(Q1Q2) / d] The Scientific Method incomp​res​sible ssible incomp​‐
Energy res​sible
-hypot​hesis: tentative explan​ation
-theory: an explan​ation of the general flows readily flows does not
Exceptions to the Octet Rule
causes of phenomena readily flow
- ions or molecules have an odd number of -scien​tific law: a concise law that diffusion occurs diffusion diffusion
electrons summarizes something slowly occurs occurs
- ions or molecules with less than an octet -mass: a measur​ement of the amount of rapidly extremely
-ions or molecules with more than 8 valence material in an agent slowly
electrons

Molecular Shapes

Steric Electron Bonding / Molecular

# - Nonbonding Geometry
Domain
2 Linear 2/0 Linear
3 Trigonal 3/0 Trigonal
Planar Planar

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Molecular Shapes (cont) Strong Bases and Acids

2/ Bent Strong Acids Strong Bases

1 HCl LiOH
4 Tetrah​edral 4/ Tetrah​edral HBr NaOH
0
HI KOH
3/ Trigonal
HClO3 RbOH
1 Pyramid
HClO4 CsOH
2/ Bent
HNO3 Sr(OH)
2
H2SO4 Ba(OH2)
5 Trigonal 5/ Trigonal Bipyra​‐
Bipyra​midal 0 midal
4/ Seesaw
1
3/ T-shaped
2
2/ Linear
3
6 Octahedral 6/ Octahedral
0
5/ Square
1 Pyramidal
4/ Square Planar
2

Steric # = (# of bonds) - (nonbo​nding

electron pairs)

Metals vs. Nonmetals

Metals Nonmetals
shiny luster, no luster, various
various colors, colors
more silvery
solids are solids are brittle, some
malleable, ductile hard, some soft
good conductors poor conductors of
of heat and electr​‐ heat and electr​icity
icity
most oxides are most oxides for acidic
ionic, most solids solutions
are basic
tend to form tend to form anions or
cations in oxyanions in aqeuous
aqueous solutions solutions

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