INTERNAT10NAL EDIT10N― Noffor Sale in the U.S.A.

FUNDAMENTALS OF

F〈 Э∪RTH EDITION

Betty S. Azar
鷹 Stacy A. Hagen
¨
Common 恥 rbs An Reference List
SrMpr-r Sr-upr-e P^sr Snrrr-r SrMPr-ri PAs'r
FoRM PAsr PARTICFI.E FoRM Plsr PARTICIPLE

fall fen fanen

bc feed fed Ftti

beat feel Fc・ lt tlt

became 6cht fought foughr

begin began begun find tound lirund

bend ben! lit fit fit

bitc bir bitten nv flew

blo、 v blcw forget forgot forgotten

break broke broken forgive forgave forgiven

bring brought brought ieeze froze frozcn

broadcast broadcast broadcast gct got gor/gorten

build built built glve gavc grven

burn burnedlburnt burnedlburnt g0 gone

buy bought bought grow glew grown

catch caughr caughr hang hung hung

chose have had had

come came c()mc hear heard hcard

COSt COヽ 1 hidc hid hiddcn

cut hit hrt hit

dig dug dug hold hcld hcld

divc dived-/dove divcd hurt hurt hurt

do did keep kept kept

dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt lay laid loid

dream
drink drank drunk lead led Icd

driven left lctt

drivc
cal catcn lcnd lent lcnt

(coninued on ,he ins;de ba.k c(,Ler)

Fundamertals of Easlish Grammat' Fouth Edition

CopFisht O 201 l, 2003, 1992, 1985 by Betty Schnmpfer Azar

No part of this publication may be reproduced, srored in a r€trieval sysiem, or ransmitted iD anv form or bv
any means! elecftonicj mechanical, photocoPyins, recordingJ or otheMisei wifiout fie prior permission of the

Azar Associates: Shelley Herle, Ediro! aDd Sue Van Erter, Manager

Person Education, l0 Bank Street,Mite Plahs, NY 10606

Staff credirs: The people who made up rhe Frzdazdtals oJ EnElish GraffiLt Foutth Edinoi re"m,
representins editorial! production, desis!, and manufacrurins, are, Dave Dickey, Christine Edmonds,
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|, 392
338, 160, 363, 377 , 1A6, 3A9, 19

Libmry of Cone"ess Catalosins-in-Publicatior Dala

Azar, Bety Schrampfer, 1941

FundameDtals of Engiish grammar / Betty s. Azar, Sracy A. Hagen. -4th ed.

ISBN-l3r 978-0-13-707169-2 (with answer key)

ISBN-l0: 0 13-707169-8 (with aDswer key) 1. English lansus-Textbooks for foreisn speakers.
2. English language--Grammar Problems, €xercises, etc. I. HageD, StacvA., 1956- II.Title.

PE1l28-A965 201I
428.2'M.22
2010050069

Printed in fie Unired States ofAmerica

ISBN 10:0-13-246932-4
ISBN l3r 978-0-r3-2,16932 6
67a910 vo1l 16 15 1.1

ISBN l0: 0 13-231512-2 (International Edition)

ISBN 13: 978-0-13 231512-8 (International Edition)
5678910 voll 16 15 14
 To my sister, Jo
B.S,A.

For D. P and H. B.
with appreciation
S.H.
Prefoce to lho Four,h Edけ on ……… X
Acknowledgmenis ……… ……… … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … … XⅢ

Chopierl PRESENT TIME …… … … …… … …… … … … … …… … …… 1

1‐ l Smplc prcscnt and prescnt progressive 3
1‐ 2 Forms of thc shple prcscnt and the prcscnt prOgressl■ e 4
1-3 Frequencl advcrbs 10
1-4 Singular plural … … … … … … … … … …… … … … … … … 13
15 Spcnmg Of hal_37__ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 14
1-6 No‐ actlon vcrbs 17
1-7 Prcsent vcJDS:ShOrt answcrs to yes′ nO qucs● Ons 20
Chopter 2 PAST TIME 26
２ ︲
． Expressing past time: rhe simple past ........26
２ ２
． Spelling of -rhg and -ed forms ... ...........29
２ ３
． The principal parts ofaverb...... ..........3l
２ ４
． Common irregular verbs: a reference lisr .......32
２ ５
． Regular verbs: pronunciation of-edendings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
２
．
６
Simple past and pasr progressive . . ...... .42
２ ７
． Expressing past time: using time clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
２ ８
． Expressing pasr habil zsed to .... ........52
Chopler 3 FUTURET ME “
3‐ 1 Expressing future rimet be going to and @ill ５５
3-2 Forms with 6€ gor'rg r ５６
3‐ 3 Forms s.idr {rru ∞
3‐ 4 Certainryabourthefurure ...... ６２
3-5 Be going a vs. ６５
'a'i
3‐ 6 Expressing the future in time clauses and y'-clauses . . . . ６８
3‐ 7 Using the present progressive to express future rime . . . . ７２
3-8 Using the simple present to express future time ........ ７４
3‐ 9 Immediate tufure: using be abour ro ７５
3‐ 10 Parallel verbs ７７

chOpler4 PRESENT PERFECT AND RASI PERFECT …… ＾

３１
  
４ ●
１ Past parti€iple ８１
４ ＾
Ｚ Present perfect with srrce andlor . . ８３

CONI【 NIS V
 4-3 Negalive, questionJ and short-answer fo ............87
tH Present perfect with unspeofied time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4-5 Simple past !s. present perfect ........94
4-6 Presen! perfect progtessive .. ............ 98
4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect ...... ......101
4-8 Pastperfect.. .. .. . .. ... .. .. 108
Chopter 5 ASKTNG OUESTTONS ...........'lll
5-l Yeyno questions and short answers . . l
Yes/no snd information questions , . - I l4
5-3 Where, u14r', @hen,lDhat time, holD corrw, uha, ...lor t\7
5-4 Questions with ur&o. oho\rn\, and uhot ll9
5-5 Using srrat a form ofdo 12t
5-6 U:JnglJoh;ch and @hat hind ol . . 123
5-7 Using urrose t25
5-8 Using rrotD 127
5-9 Usin9ho{.D olle \29
5-10 Using rroolar 131
5-11 l-engl.h of time: ,', + aahe hou long t32
^nd
5-12 Spoken and written contractions wirh question words l3,l
5-13 More questions \r'ith noq, . . . t37
5-14 Using hou about and @hat aboua 138
5-15 Tag questions 140

Chopier 6 NOUNS AND PRONOUNS . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

6-l Plural forms of nouns .......147
6-2 Pronunciation offinal -s/-es. ............149
6-3 Subjects, verbs, and obiects . . . ............ 151
6-4 Obiects of prepositrons ..... .......... 153
6-5 Prepositions of time ...... ...... -........156
6-6 lf'ord order: place and time . . . ....... ....157
6-7 Subiect-verbagieement.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
6-8 Using adiectives to describe nouns ......... 160
6..9 Using nouns as adiectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
6-10 Personal pronouns: subiects and obiects ......164
6-ll Possessive noun ...... ......... 166
6-12 Possessive pronouns afld adiectives ......... 168
6-13 Reflexive prono .. .. ... .. .. .. . 169
6-14 SinSular forms of othet onothet vs. the other . . . . .... 171
6-15 Plural forms of othe. : o,het(s) vs.,he othet(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 17 1
6-.16 Summary of forms oforrtet ..........'176
Chopier T MODAL AUXTL|AR|ES ............ 178
7-1 The form of modal au-yiliaries . . . . . ........178
7-2 Expressing abitity can ar.,d coutd . " ' 180
?.'3 Expressing posslbilityi ,nay, ,night, and rnarbe;
Expressing pcrmission: rnoy co;n .... 182
z-4 ^nd
Using co,td to express Possibility " ' 184
7-5 Polite questions : nay I, codd l, can I . 1 87

vi CONIENIS
 7-6 Polite questions: zrould you, cottld you, rrrill yoL can you 189
7-7 Expressing advice, should ought t 190
7-8 Expre\rmg advice: had beuer ^nd.
191
7-9 Expressing necessiqy: haoe to, ha,Je got to, ,nust . - t93
7..10 Expressing lack of necessityt do not hooe to;
Expre.sing prohibition. must not . \95
7-l I Making log,cal conclu\ions: rn xsr 197
7-12 Tag quesrions with modal auxiliaries 199
7-13 Giving instructions:imperative sentences . . . . . . . 200
7-14 Making suggestions let's a\d @lry don't . 203
7-15 Stating preferencei preler, like . .. better,, @ould rather .. 2o4

Chopter 8 coNNECTtNG TDEAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

8-l Connecting idcas with and . . . . . . . .........208
8-2 Connecting ideas ivith 6&rand or .........210
8-3 Connecting ideas wirh so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2t2
8-4 Using auxiliary verbs afrer 6rr, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
8-5 Using azd + too, so, eitheL neithe ........216
8-6 Conflecting ideas with 6ecar6€ ...........221
8-7 Connecting ideaswi$ eoen .ho1,ghl.rlthough ... .......223
Chopler 9 CoMPAR|SONS .......229
9-l Making comparisons with as... as ... _.....229
9-2 Comparative and superlative ...... _.......233
9-3 Compararive and superlative forms ofadjectives and adverbs ..........235
9..4 Completing a compararile . ....... . ._..239
9-5 Modii,ins comparatjves ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
9-6 Compa sons wir\ less ... than and,ro, as,.. as ........24t
97 Using rrrore with nouns .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
98 Repeating a compararive . . . ...... _........244
9-9 Using double comparadves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
9- 01 Using superlarives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - _ 246
9-11 Usirry the sarne, sirnilar, difrercn4lihe, atike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Chopier l0 THE PASSIVE .........258

10-l Acrive senteflces and passive senrences .. _ -- _.25A
102 Formofrhepassive...... . . . . . . _ . _ . . . . . . 259
10-3 Transirive and irtmnsirive verbs _ - -........263
10-4 Using the 6y-phrase .......265
10-5 Passive modal auxiliaries . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
I 0-6 Using past participles as adjectives (non-progressive passive) . . . . . . . . . . 27 I
l0-7 Parii€ipialad,ectives:-edvs.-rig, ...........276
10-8 Ger+ adjective; I'er + past participle . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27a
l0'.9 Us,l]g be ,Lredlaccustoned to and
eet tsed/accustomed,o . . . . . . . -.........2A2
\o-lo Used to vs. be sedto..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2A4
l0-l1Using6€s r?osed to ..... . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . 2A5

CONT[NIS v"
Chopler ll COUNT/NONCOuNI NOUNS AND ARTICLES … … … … … … … 290
11-1 Avs,on,.. 290
11-2 Countandnoncountnouns,.,., 292
11-3 Noncount nouns 29つ
11-4 More noncount nouns .........295
11-5 Using serJeial, a lot ol, nany/rnuch, a,Jd areutla little . . . . , . . . . . . . . 297
11‐ 6 Noun! thet can be counl or noncount . ,......300
11-7 Using units ofmeasure with noncount nouns ..,....,.,702
11‐ 8 Guidelines for article usage . . . -.. ........306
11‐ 9 Using rrre oro with names. .. -.. .. . . . .. .315
11‐ 10 Capitalization .............317
Chopler 12 ADJECTTVE CLAUSES ..,.........321
12- 1 Adjective clauses: introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
l2-2 Usingatho and,,ra, in adiective cleuses to describe people ...........322
l2-3 Using object proDouns in adiective clauses to descnbe people . . . . . . . . . . 324
I 2-4 Using pronouns in adiective clauses to desc be things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
l2-5 Singular and plural verbs in adiective clauses . . . . ........331
12-6 Usiflg prepositions io adjective clauses . . . . . .332
l2-7 Usiflg @rose in adiective clauses . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Chopier13 GERUNDSAND |NF|NTTTVES ..... ............ .342

l3-l VeO + gerund... ........... 112
l1-2 Go+-ittg...... ............344
l3-3 Verb + infinitive.. ...........346
l3-4 Verb + gerund or infnitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
13-5 Preposition + gerund .... ......352
13-6 done
Using 6, and r!r'r, to express how something is . . . . . . 355
13-7 .
Using ge.unds as subjects; using ,', + infinitive . . . . . . . . . . 157
1l-8 L + infinitive: usins/or (sorneotu) ........158
l3-9 Expressing purpose with i,, ordet ,o andl6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16l
13-10 Using infinitives wi.d\ too and enotgh ......164
chopter 14 NOUN CIAUSES .......,. . . . . . 370
14-l Noun clauses: inEoduction . . ..... ........370
l4-2 Noun cleuses thar begin wirh a question word . . . . . .......)71
l4-3 Noun chuses that begin with y'or u,rt?thet ..... .. .....176
lilrl Noun clauses that begin with ,rto, ........379
l4-5 Other uses of trat-clauses . ..........380
14-6 Substituting so for 3 ttar-clause in conveBational responses . . . . . . . . 342
14-7 Quoted speech .. . . .. .. ...384
I4-8 Quoted speech vs. reported speech .........387
l4-9 Verb forms in reported speech .........388
l4-lo Common teportingverbs. tcll, ash, ans'uetlrebb) ........389

v"i CONI[NIS
Appendix SuPPLEMENTARY CRAMMAR CHARTS …………… … … …… … … 395
un'A: A‐ 1 ■■e prcscnt pcrft・ ct vs thc past pcrfcct 395
A-2 Ъ e past progressivc vs ie past perict 396
A-3 S′ ￨″ vs α″ν″ Ore 396
A-4 AdditiOnal verbs fono、 ved bv`″ α ciauses 397
A-5 Additional cxprcssiOns、 itl1 0θ +rrlα
`―

`_clauses 397
unil BI B_l Phrasal vclbs 398
B‐ 2 Phrasal vcrbsi a rcFcrence list 399
unit cI (1_1 1'rcposition combinatiOns:introduction 402
(]-2 PIヾ positiOn combinatiOnst a retrence list 402

Listening scr p, … 405

Tttvio Answers …… ……… …… … … … ……… … … … … 421
index … ………… …… ……… … …… … … … … … … … … … 423
Audio CD Trocking LsI … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 434

CONT[NIS ix
 Fundanenrols of English Gramnar is a developmental skills text for lower-intermediate and
intermediate English language learners. It uses a grammar-based approach integmted with
communicative methodologies to promore the development ofall language skills in a variety of
ways. Starting ftom a foundation of understanding form and meaning, srudents elgage in
meaningful communication about real actions, rcal things, and their real lives in the classroom
context. Fun.lomentals ol English Grunnot tunctions principslly as a classroom teaching text
but also serves as a comprehensive reference text for students and teachers.

The eclectic approach and abundant varieo of exercise matedal remain the same as in the
earlier editions, but this fourth edition incorporates new ways and meam. In particular:
. WARM.IJ'P EXERCISES FORTHE GRAMMAR CHARTS
Newly created for the fourth edition, these innovative exercises precede the gmmmar charts
and introduce the point(s) to be taught. They have been carefrlly crafted to help students
drciz,ar rhe target grammar as they progress tlrough each warm-up exercise.

. LISTENING PRACTTCE
Numerous listening exercises help srudcnts interact with the spoken language in a variery
ofsenings that range fiom the relaxed, casual speech of everyday convenation to more
academic content. An audio CD accompanies the studenr text, and a full listening script
can be found in the back ofthe book.

. READINGS
Students can read and respond to a wide selection of readings that focus on the target
grammar structure(s) .

. WRITING TASKS
New writing activities thar practice target structues have been created for every chapter. A
writing sample precedes each task so students have a model to follow.
. EXPANDED SPEAIqNG ACTIITTIES
S$dents have even more opportunities to share drei experiences, express their opinions,
and relate the target Brammar to their personal lives. The text often uses the students' own
life experiences as context and regularly introdu€es topics ofinterest to stimulate the fiee
expression ofideas in structured as well as open discussions
. CORPUS-INFORMED CONTENT
Based on our corpus research, grammar content has been added, deleted, or modified to
reflect the discou$e patterns of spoken and wr:itten English.

X
TIPS FOR USING THE NEIT FEATURES IN THIS TEXT

Thevarm-Up exercises are a briefpre-teaching tool for the charrs. They highlight tle key
point(s) thar will be introduced in the chart that follows the Varm-Up exercise. Before
beginning the rask, reachers will want to familiarize themselves wirh rhe material in the
chart. Then, with the teacher's guidance, students can discover many or sometimes all of
the new patterns as they complete thevarm-Up activity. After studenrs finish the exercise,
teachen may find thar no further explanetion is necessary, and the charrs can serve as a
usetul reference.

. LISTBNTNG
The Listening exercises have been designed to help srudenrs Understand American English
as it is actually spoken. As such, ir includes reductions and orher phenomena that are part
ofthe natural, relaxed speech of everyday English. Because rhe audio uses English rhat
may be spoken at a rate faster than whar srudenrs are used to, rhey may need to hear
sentences two or three times while completing a task.
The Listening exercises do not encourage immediate pronunciation (unless they are
linked to a specific pronun€iarion task). Receptive skills precede productive ones, and it is
essential that students be able to hear the speech pattems before they begin using them in
tieir own speech.
Students are encouraged to listen to longer passages the first time though without
looking at their text- 'fbache$ can then explain any vocabulary that has nor already been
clarified. During the second listening, students complete the assigned rask. Teachers will
want to pause the audio appropriately. Depending on the level ofrhe class, pauses may be
needed after every sentence, or even witlrin a sentence,
ft is inevirable rhat sound representations in rhe text will at times differ from rhe
instuctor's speech, whether it be due to register or regional variation. As a gereral rule, if
the instructor expects that students will hear a variation, or if students themselves raise lhe
questions, alternate representations can be presented,
A listening script with all the listening exercises can be found at the back ofthe book.

. READINGS
The Readings give srudents an opportunity to work wirh rhe gmmmar structures in extended
contxrs. One approach is to have studenrs read rhe passage alone the 6nt time rhrough.
Then fiey work in small groups or as a class to clarify vocabulary questions. A second reading
may be necessary. Varied reading task rhen allow srudenrs ro check rheir comprehension, to
use the target strlLctEes! and to expand upon rhe ropic in speaking or wriring.

. WRITING TASXS
As students gain confidence in using the targer srructures, rhey are encouraged to €xpress
fieir ideas in complete paragraphs. A model paragreph accompanies each assignment and
questjon-promprs help students develop their ideas.
Peer editing can be used for correction. A useful technique is ro pair students, have
them exchange paperc, and then have rhe pdfrr?rread the paragraph aloud- The wrirer can
l?eal ifthe conrenr is what he or she intended. This also keeps the writer ftom
automatically self-corecting while reading aloud. (Self-correcting can be a problem if
writers are unaware thar they are making corrections as they read.)
For classes that have nor had much experience with w ring, the teacher may wanr ro
assign students ro small groups. Each group composes a paragraph rogether. The reacher
collects the paragraph and adds commenrs, and rhen makes a copy for each group
member. Stud€nrc correct i\e parugraph indiiridually.

PR[FAC[ Xi
 v,hen correcting student writiflg, teachers may waot to focus primarily on the structures
taught in the chapter.

. LET,S TAL(
Each Irt's Talk activity is set up as one of the following: pairwork, small 8?oup, class
activity, interview, or geme. Successful language learning requires social interaction,
and these tasks encourage students to speak with others about their ideas, their everyday
lives, and the world around them. Students tend to speak more easily and freely when they
can connect language to their own knowledge and experiences.

. CHECX YOUR KNOWLEDGE

'fbward the end ofthe chapter, students can practice sentence-level editing skills by
cofiecting erors common to this level. The sentences can be done as homework or in
small groups.
This task can easily be set up as a game. The teacher calls out an item number at
random. Students work in teams to correct the sentence, and the first team to edit h
correcdy wins a point.
See r\e Fundamentab ol English Grunnar1bachal! Grid" for detailed information about
teaching ftom this book, including expansion activities and step-by-step instructions-

Fundamentals oJ English Grazndr is accompanied by

. A comprehensive llbr*boofr, consisting of self-study exercises for independent work.
. An Tbochei''s Crrr'&, {,irh step-by-step teaching suggestions for each chert, notes
^ll-rlew
to the teacher on key grammar structures, vocabulery lists, and expansion activities and
PozrerPom, presentations for key chapte$.
. An expanded 1Asr Bartr, with edditional quizzes, chapter tests, snd mid-term and fillal

. Tbst-Generator sokware that allortrs teachers to customize their own tests using quizzes
and tests from the ?isr BarA.
. Azar. Inaeiacaite, a computer-based program keyed to the text, provides easily understood
contenr, all-new exercises, rcadings, lisrening and speaking actieiues, and comprehensive
tests.
. fhrrerPora, prcsentations for key chapters. Based on real-world readings, these lessons
are designed for use in the classroom as "beyond-the-book" activities. They can be found
in the new ??aclrert Ga,ir? or downloaded from AzarGtammoLcom.
. A Chafibooh, a rcference book consisting only of the Srammar charts.
. Aaarctarn nai.com, a website that provides a variety of supPlementery clessroom
materials and a place where teacherc can support each other by sharing their knowledge
and experience.
. Fun uith Grctmnar, a teacher resource text by Suzaone Woodwerd with commuoicalive
activities coffelated with the Azar-Hagen Grammar Series lt is available as a text or as a
danfi\load on Azafirammat com.

The Azar-Hagen GBmmar Series consists of

. understundins dnd Using E slish Grunmar (blue cov€r), for upper-lcvcl srudents.
. Fundanentals oJ Endish Grummar (black), for midlevel students.
. Basic E glish Grumnar (red), for lower or beginning levels.

xii PR[FAC[
We couldn\ have done fiis fourth editior withour rhe many talented professionals who assisted
us. We began our revision with fie insights and suSgestions from rhese rcviewers: Michael
Berman, Montgomery College; Jeff Bette,Westchesrer Community College; Mary Goodman,
Everest University; Linda Gossard, DPT Business School, Denver; Roberta Hodges, Sonoma
State American Ilnguage Institute; SuzaDne Kelso, Boise Srate Univeftiry; Sreven Ilsswell,
Santa Barbsra City College; Diane Mahin, University of Miami; Maria Mitchell, DP'f Business
School, Philsdelphia; Monica Oliva, Miami Sunset Adult Center; A[ly Parker, Universiry of
Michigan; Casey Peltier, Northern Virginia Community College.
We are fortunate to have an outstanding edirorial staffwho oversaw this book from planning
to production. rre'd like to thank Shelley Harde, managing editor extraordinaire, whose
meticulous and perceprive editing shaped every page;Amy Mccormick, editorial direcror,
whose vision, anenti!'eness, and care for the series guided our wriring; Rurhvoermann,
development editor, for he. keen eye, valuable advice, and unfailing patience; Janice Baillie, our
outstandinS copy-editor who scrutinized and honed every page; SueVan Etten, our
accomplished and very talented business and web-sire manager; Roberr Ruvo, our skilled and
responsive production manager at Pearson Education.
We'd also like to express our appreciation ro the writers of the supplementary texts: Rachel
Spack Koch, lYorkbook; Kelly Roberts Veibel, ??sr Bdr&j and Marrha Hall, Teacher\ Gride,T\ey
have greatly enriched the sedes with tleir innovative ideas and creativity.
Finally, we'd like to thank the dedicated leedership ream ar Pearson Education that guided
this project: PieEo Alongi, Rhea Banker, and Paula Van Ells.
The colorful arrwork is due to tle inspired talents ofDon Martinetri and Chris Pavely.
Finally, we would like to thanl< our families, who supporred and encouraged us every srep of
the way. Thev are a continual source of rnspiralion.

Betty S. Azar
StacyA. Hagen

X‖ ￨
J Exercise L Lislening ond reoding.
a, Por. I. Listen to the conversation between Sam and Lisa. They are college students in
(g California. They are beginning a weeklong rraining to be resident assistants* for their dorm.
,',"1,'. They a.e i"terriewing each orher. l-ater they will introduce each other to the group.

SAM: Hi. My name is Sam.

LsA: Hi. I'm Lisa. n's nice ro meet you.
SAM: Nice to meet you too. Where are you from?
LsA: l'm ftom Boston. How about you?
SAM: I'm from Quebec. So, how long have you been here?
IrsA: Just one day. I still have a little iet lag.
SAM: Me too. I got in yesterday morning. So we need to ask each other about a hobby.
Vhat do you like to do in your free time?-
LISA: I spend a lot oftime outdoors. I love to hike. \vhen l'm indoors,l like to surfthe
lnternet.
SAM: Me too. I'm studying Italian right now. There are a lot ofgood websites for learning
languages on the Internet.
LsA: I know. I found a good one forJapanese. I'm trying to Iearn a litde.
Now, when I intioduce you to the group, I have to *,rite your fi l name on rhe board.
What's your last name, and how do you spell it?
SAM: Itt Sanchez. S-A-N-C-H-E-2.
LsA: My last name is Paterson with one "C': P-A-'FE-R-S-O-N.
-
SAM: It looks like oul rime is up. Thanks. [t's been nice talking to you.
LISA: I enjoyed it too.

rmir dBrarr = a studor sho li6 in a domirory md helps .rha 3ddoB with *rydsy ljf. in rhe domi also cdl.d 4 ..RA. ,
 Par, rr. Read rhe conversarion in Part I. Use the information in the convelsation to complete
Sam's introduction of Lisa to the class.

SAM: I would like to introduce Lisa Parerson. Lisa is ftom Bootan . She has been here

In her free time, she

Par, 11L Now it is Lisa's tum to inEoduce Sam to the class. $?hat is she going to say? Create
an intloduction. Begtn urith I &otld lihc ao introduce Sarn.

D Exelcise 2. tol's lolk inlerview

Interview a partner. 'Iten introduce your partner to the class. As your classmates ere
inEoduced to ihe class, write thek names on a sheet of paper.
Find out )nur ?arlfler\:

flative country or hometourr

ftee-time activities or hobbies
favorite food
reason for being here
lengrh of time here

I Exercise 3, l€fs wrile.

Vrite answers to the questions. Then, with your teacher, decide whet to do with your writing.
See the list of suggestions at the end of the €xercise.

l What is your name?

2. lqhere are you ftom?
3. Where are you living?
4. !(,fhy are you here (in this ciry)?
a. Are you a student? Ifso, what ere you studying?
b. Do you work? lfso, what is your job?
c, Do you have another reason for being here?
5. what do you like to do in your free time?
6. What is your favorit€ season ofthe year? Why?
7. 'What are your three favoriteTv programs or movies? l)0hy do you like them?
8. Describe your first day in this class.

&tgsestions for tour wriing:

a. Give it to a classmate to r€ed. Your classmate can then summarize the informadon in a
spoken report to a small group.
b. Work with a partner and correct errorc in each other's writing.
c. Read your composition aloud in e small group and aDswer any questions about it
d, Haod it in to your teacher, who will correct the errorc and return it to you.
e. Hand it in to your teecher, who will retuln it at the end of the terrn when your English has
progressed, so you can correct your own effors.

2 CHAPTER t
」 Exercls€ 4. Worm-up. (Chorh l-t ond t-2)
Read the statements and circle J,€r or,o.
Choose responses that are true for you. Share your
answers with a partner (e.g.,I Lte a compuw eagry dq. oR I don't use a conpu,er eoery daJ.)-
Your parmer will report your information to the class (e.g., En; dre L\e a conpu,er ewry doy.).
"
l. I use a computer every day. ves ｎ０
  
  
2. I am sitting in ftont of a compurer right [ow. yes ｎ０
  

3. I check emails every day.   

ｎ０

4. I send text messages several times a day, yes no

5. I am sendifig a text message now.

(a) Ann t kes a show€r 6yery day. The siMpLE pFEsENr expresses daily
(b) Lsualr read lhE newspaper in ha ts at usual activilies, as in (a)
the morning. and (b).

(c) Babies cry. Birds ,ry. The simple presenl expresses gereral
slatenents of fact, as in lcl.
(d) xEGAnvE:
ln general,lhe simple presonl is used
ll doesn'l saow in Bangkok.
lor events or situations lhal o(isl
(€) oJEsroar: always, usually, or habitually in the
Does th6 ieach€r sp€rl slowly? past, presenl, and future,

Present Progresslve Ann can'l coms to lhe phon6 The PBESENT pFoGBEssvE expresses an
/&rhl ,ow because she /9 teking activity that is in prcgress (is occuftin1,
is happening) tght now.
I am reacling my $amnet book The evenl is in progr€ss al lh6 time the
speaker is saying the senlence. Th€
Jimmy and Susie are babies. event began in the pasl, is in progGss
]-f,ey ate crylng. I can l\eat now, and will probably conlinuo inlo lhe
lhem right now. Maybe they ar6 lulure.
hungry FDRM: Am,lS, aft + -lng

Itisn t snowlng reht now.

lslhe leachet speaklng right

Pr6seni Tim€ 3
 1‐ 2 ofthe Sfunple Present and the Present Progressive
Simple Present Present Progressive
STAT[MENT wo″ ln,
You
￨

師 wfl“ lng
ll He,She,L
“ wo“ lng
He, Shs, works-
We β Ortlag
They
” lγ

lort7● 9
”
NEGATIVE I clo not wotk. l

”
You do not wgtk. You
“
He, She, lt does not work. He,She,lt
We do not work. We ６
They do not wotk. They
“
“
QUEST10N Do I work?
筋 I

Do you work?
ル
Ooes he. she, it wotk?
に he, she, il
Do we wo*? ル
Do lhoy wotk?
“
Contractions
′ +an
/Oピ ￨″ a tlley + are ― Yoυ reじere rhey re wo「 日n0
わesわ θ ″ + ls ‐ ′イeb She● ′rb work ng

= doesnl She doesn't wotk

dO十
“
″0` ＋
 

= don'l lclonlwotk,
¨
＋

‐ ′3,1
‐ 87enl They aten\ workng.
lan + ‐ an ηOr

'NorE: r', and ,0, m not [email protected].

.l Exercise 5. tisloning ond grommol, (chorts l -l ond I -2)

a, Lisren ro the passage on the next page. Discuss the verbs in iml,.s. Is the activity ofthe verb a
((l usual activity or happening right now (an activity in progress)?

4 cHAPTE'1
 Lu[ch at the Fiie Stetion
It's I 2:30, and the firefi ghtets are ioaiting lor a\eir next call. They are raAirg rheir lunch

break. Ben) Rita) and Jada a/? stt nS'at a table ill the fue starion. Their co-worker Bruno
3
$ ,[a/tirrg lunch for them. He is an excellent cook. He often ,n a&er lunch. He ;rrring spicy
456
chicken and rice. 'f,r.eir captain in\ eering. He ii doirrg paperwork. He si;ps lunch on busy

days. He r.D'ls in his o6ce andTSnrslrs his paperwork.

,0 lt

U Exer€ise 6, listening. (chqrts l-r

2) ond I-
,, Lisren to rhe statemenrs abour Irene and her iob. Decide if the activiry of€ech verb is a usual
GQ activig or happening right now Choose the correct answer.
*"0
E o pl", You will hear: Irene work for a video game company.
You will choosei f;a *i: happenmg ngnt now
---- ll9
l activity
usual happening right now
2. usual sctivity heppening right now
3. usual ectivity happening right now
4. usual activity happeniog right now
5. usual activity hsppening right now

f ExercBe 7. looking ql gEmmor,

(chqrts I-r qnd r-2)
Complete the sentences. Use the simple present or the prcsenr progressive form of rhe verbs
in parentheses.
l. Shhh. The baby (s/"e|) io oleepinl . The baby (rt"er) _,clccpe__ for ten
hours every night.

2. Right now I'm in class. I (sO at my desk. t usually (s,t)

at the same desk ir class every day.

3. Ali (sPeah) Arabic. Arabic is his native language, but dght

now he (speaA) Enslish.

4. A: (i, rain) a lot in southern Spain?

Bi No. The weather (rd) usually warm and sunnr'.

5. A: Irok out the window. (r., /dr) )

B: lt (rrar, to sprinkle.

Presenl Ime 5
 6 A: bok lt'sYumiko
B: Wncre,
A:Ovcrthcrc She O麒) out of the caf6.

7. A: Oscar usually (zrdn)

(ン ち 囮 2) to work ever,\7 day too?

B: Yes
A: (oscar, tualh) with you?
B: Sometimes.

f, Exercise 8. lel's lolk. (chods r-r ond l-2)

Your teacher will ask one student to perform an action and another student to describe it using
ihe present progressive.
E arrbr stand next to your desk
To STUDE\"r A: Vould you please stand next to your desk? (StulzntA stands up.)
To STUDEN"T B: Who is standing ne),1 to his,/trer desk? oR What is (Student A) doing?
STITDENT B: (Student A) is sranding next to his/her desk.

1. up
srand 7. emse the board
2. smile 8. hold your pen in your left hand
3. whistle 9. knock on the door
4. open or close the door 10. scratch your head
5. read your grammar book 1 1. count aloud the number of people in the classroom

6. shake your head "no" 12. lookat the ceiling

tr Exercise 9. Lislening. (chorh l-l ond l-2)

, Listen to rhe que.rions. \Vrite the wordr you hear.
ad
r?*rs A
problem with the printer
Ena,npler You will hear: Is the pinter working?
You will write: /6 the p nter working?
１
need more paper?
 
 
２
have enough ink?
 
 
３
6xing it yoursel?
 
 
４
 
know how to fix it?
 
５
have another printer in the office?

6. Hmmm. Is it my imagination or making a strange noise?

6 cHAPTERl
-l Exercise 10. Gome: lrivio. (choris r-r ond l-2)
Work in small groups. Complete each se[tence with the corecr form of rhe verb in
parentheses. Then circle "T" for uue or "F" for false. The $oup with the most corecr
answers wins.a

l- In one soccer game, a player (rln) TF

average.

2. Ifl one soccer game, playeft (/flr) TF

aveBge.
3. RighFhanded people (rzrr) I0 yeals longer than TF
left-handed people.
4. Mountains (corer) 3%, ofAfrica and 25% ofEurope. TF
5. 'fhe Eiffel Tolver (l7d?€) 1,000 steps. TF
6. Honey (sr'o,7) after one year. TF
7. The lerter "e" (be) the most common lener in English. TF
8. It GaAe) about seven seconds for iood to get from TF
our mouths to our stomachs.
９

 
A man's heart (rrat) faster than a woman's heart. Ｔ Ｆ
   
０
About 1,15,000 people in the world (d,'€) Ｔ Ｆ

J Exercise Il. let's tolk. (chods t-t ond l-2)

\york with a partner. Take rurns describing your picrures ro each other and finding tle
differences. Use rhe present progressive. Partnet A: Cover Parmer B,s pictures in your book.
Partner B: Cover Partner A's pictures in your book.
Exam?b:
Partner B

PARTNER A: In my picrure, the airplane is taking off.

PARTNER B: In my picrure, the airplane is lending.

rS.. Tnnia AM, p. 421.

Pros€nl lim€ 7
 □

ヨ □

I'artner B

J □

8 cHAPTEP:
tr Exercis€ 12. Lel's reod ond unlls, (chofi l-l qnd l-2)
.Phl, L Read the paragraph and answer the questions.

Hair Fects
Here are some interesting facts about our hair. Humen heir grows about one-half inch
per month or 15 centimeters a year. The hair on our scalp is dead. That's why it doesn't hurt
when we get a haircut. The av€ftge person has about 100,000 strerds ofhair.i Every day we
lose 75 to I 50 strands of hair. One strand of hair grows fot two ro seven years. After ir stops
growiflg, it rests for a while and then falls ou!. Hair grows faste! in warmer wearher, end
women\ hair $ows faster than men's hai!.

Qkstin s:
l. How fasr does hair grow?
2. Why don't haircuts hurt?
3. About how many strands ofhair are on your head right now?
4. Where is a good place to live if you want your hair to gtow fesrer?

Ibr'r IL Choose one pert of the body, for example: fingernails, ski[, eyebrows, eyes, heart,
lungs, etc. Make a list of interesring facts about this pert of the body. Organize rhe facrs inro a
paragraph. Begin with the given topic sentence. Nol€. lfyou ere researching informatioo on
the Inremet, search this topic: "interesting _ facts" (e.9., ioteresring hair facts).
Topir sentznce: Here are some inreresting facts about our _ .

I Exercise 13. Wqrm-up. (Chort I-3)

How often do you do esch activity? Give the percentsge (0% ' 100%). Your reacher will ask
which ones you always do, sometimes do, or never do.

1 I take the bus Io school.

2. I go to bed late.
３
I skip brealdast.
 

４
I eat vegetables at lunch time.
 
-
５
I cook my orr.n dinner.
6. I am an early ser.fi

rJta,A d/ra, = pi€ces ofhan

*r.arl, ru.r = . pc.son who geN up c.rly in ihe mornins

PrcsentTime 9
 Frequency adverbs usually occur in the middle ol a
﹄
  s€nlence and have special positions, as shown in

  ０
u6ually examples (a) through (e) below.
  ，
，
otlen The adverbs in boldlace may also occur al the
  ¨●
ｏ lrequently
  Ｑ
  generally
beginning or the end of a senlence,

   
  I sometines qel up at 6:30.
叫  
  Somenmes I get up at 6:30.
︲  
 
I gel up at 6:30 sonelmes.
︲  
 

︲  
 

︲ ，
。

︲ ■
” The other adverbs in lhe list (nol in boldtace) rarely
︲ ∞
ｏ
occur al the beginning orthe end ol a sentence. Their
▼
Ｃ

usual position is in the middle ol a sentence.

﹄
FREO ADV 十 V Frequency adveds usually com€ belween lhe subi€cl
(a) a"8ンS te″ s the truth and lhe simple presenl verb excopl main verb be.
t^EoRRECf: Always Karen tells lhe lrulh.

S ‐ BF + FREO A" Fr6quency adverbs iollow be in the simple presenl

(b) Karen fs a′ ways on lme (am, is, are)and simple pasl (was, wer4-

(c) Do you arways eat b€akfasl? ln a question, lrequency adveds come directly aller
rhe subjecl.

(d) Ann usurrly doesr't eal broaklast. ln a negaiive sentence, mosl lrequency adverbs come
in lrcnr ol a negative velb (excepl always and evetl.

(€) Sue do6sn'l arrrys eal broaHast- Afivrys lollows a negalive helping verb, as in (e), or a

coRRECr: Anna rlevea eals meat. Negalivo advebs (serdom , rarely, hadly evea nevet)
tNcoRRECr: Anna doesn l never eal neat ar6 Nor us€d wilh a negalivs v€rb.

Doyou evel aake lhe bus lo work? Evθ ′is used in questions aboutirequenc,as in(g) t
(9)
- I do. ! often lak€ lhe bus. means'at any lmel
-Y6s.
Fyer s aso used wlh nol as n(h)
(h) I don'leverwalk lowork.
tNco,TAEcr: I evet walk to wotk. =VeriS NOT uSed in statementS

J Ex6rcise 14. Olsmmol ond speoking. (chod l-3)

PaTt L lrok at your answers in Exercise 13. Make complete sentences using the appropriate
frequency word from Chart l-3.

Exdtn la: l. Oo = I neoer take the h$ to school. oF

5Oy" : I some.itus take ,ha bus to school.

10 CHAPIERl
 &r, II. Walk around rhe room and find people who do rhe activities with the same frequency
as you.

Exonpb:
SPEAKER A: I always take the bus to school. Do you always iake the bus ro school?
SpEdr<rR B: No, I don'r. I sometirbes take the bus to school. Do you usually go to bed lsre?
SPEAT.ER A: Yes, I do. I usually go to bed late.

I Exorcise 15. Let's lolk. (Chori l-3)

Answer rhe quesrioDs. Discuss the meaning of the ftequency adverbs.
Vhat i mmahingthat...
l. you seldom do?
2. a polite perso[ often does?
3. a polite pelsoa never does?
4. out teacher fiequently does in class?
5. you never do in class?
6. you rarely ear?
7. you occasionally do after class?
8. divers geDerally do?
9. people irl your country alwals or usually do ro celeblate the Newyeer?

J Exercise 16. Looking (,t grqmmor. (chort | -s)

Add the given adverbs to each senrence. pur rhe adverbs in their usual midsentence posirion.
Make any necessary changes to the sentence.
Eiramplei Emrly doesn r get to work on rime.
a. usually ' Emily zszclly doeso,t get to work on time.
b. often ' Emily ofe, doesn,t get to work on time.

1. Kazu doesnl shave in the morning.

a. fiequendy d. atways g. hardly ever
b. occasionally e. ever h. mrelv
c, somerime( f. never i, seldom

2. I don't eat br€aldast.

a. usually c. seldom
b. always d. ever

3. My roornmate isn\ home in rhe eventng.

a. generally c. always
b. sometimes d. hardly ever

PresonlTime I I
」 Exorcise 17. Looking sl grommor. (chod l-3)
Complete the sentences using the information in the chart. Use a ftequency adverb in each
sentence to describe Mia's weekly activities.

ヽlia'sヽ ルtck S M Tu ヽ ‐ F S
ヽ

2. make breekfast ヽ ヽ ヽ

3. go to the gl',n X X X X X

4. bc late for the bus X X ヽ X

5. cook dinner X X X ヽ X X X

6. read a book X X ヽ ヽ X X

ヽ X

8. go to bed early

1 ヽlia acu.m / .rrelv wzke6 up early.

2 She breakfast.

3 Shc to the gym.

4 She late for the bus.

5 She dinner.

6 She a book.

7 She

8 Shc to bed early.

f Exerciso 18. t€t's lolk pqilxrolk. (chqds l-t ' l-3)

Vork with a partlter. Use ftequency adverbs lo talk about yourself and to ask your partner
questions.

Erarrrle. walk to school

PARTNER A (Dooft orer): I usually walk to school. How about you? Do you usually walk to
school?
PenrNtr B (6oo* c/osed): I usually walk to school too oR
I seldom walk to school l usually take the bus'
Chonge robs.
l. wear a suit to class 6, wear a hat to class
2. go to sleep before I l:o0 PM 7. believe the things I hear in the news
3. get at leest one email a day 8. get up before nine o'clock in the morning
4. read in bed before I go to sleeP 9. call my family or a friend ifl feel homesick
5. speak to people who sit next or lonelY
to me on ao airplane lo. have chocolate ice cream for dessert

12 cHAme I
□ Exercise I9. Wolm-up. (chort l-4)
Combine the given words inro sentences. Add -s where necessary. Do not add any orher words.

1. A dolphin \ swim

2. Dolphin \ swim

SINGULAR : one, not two or more

pLuHAt: two bids, three bircls, many bir6, all birds, etc. P[URAL‐

(c) B rds sing. A plural noun ends in -s, as in (c)

(d) Abirdsngs. A singular verb ends n -s, as in (d).

le) A bhd sings outside my window. A singular velb lollows a singular sublect.
lf sl,19s loudly. Add -slo lhe simple present verb i, the subject is
Ar,, sirgs beautifully, (1) a singular noun (e.9., a bird, Ann, Tom\ ot
Sne s,ngs songs to herchildren
12) he, she, ot it.t
Tom sings very well.
lre slngs professionally.
r,{?,.,ud,ireihidpersonsinsnlarperson.tlronouns.SeeCher6Io,p.I64,formorcinformarionabourpelsonalp.onou.s

I Exercise 20. Looking ol grommqr. (cho* t-4)

I-ook ar each word rhat ends in -s. Is it a noun or verb? Is it singular or plural?

Sentence
1. Plants grow quickly in \rarm weather.
2. Ali lives in an apartment
3. Bettina listens to rhe radio every morning.
4 The srudenrs at this school work hard.
5. An ambulance rakcs sick peoplc to rhe hospital.
Ambulances take sick people ro the hospital.
'7. Cell phones offer rext messaging.
8. The carth revolvcs around the sun.

Present Time I3
 Exercise 21. tistening. (chort l -4)
コ Listed to the statements. Add -s where necessery \vrite O if no _s is needed
︵
Ｃ Natural disasters: a flood
ｎ̈ 1. The weather I causeg some natuml disasterg

2. HealT rains somedmes create flood-.

3. A big flood- cause a lot ofdamage.
-
4. In town-, flood- can damage building-, home-, and road
-
5. After e flood a town need e lot of financial help for repair

-,
コ lxercise 22.Worm・
- 1-5)
up.(chor1
-
や″rite thc third Pcrson form for cach verb undcr the corrcct heading Can you rlgure out the
rules for when to add― s,― 鯰 ,and― ies'

mlx speak stay study 岬 wish

Add -s only. Add― les

VSt ylsfrs Final 's, nol -€s, is added lo mosl verbs.

(a) ↓
speak ↓ speaお tNcoRREcr: visiles,speakes

(b) ide
子 ↓ 71des Many velbs end in {. Final -a is simply added.
wnte ↓ wrlles

'ct, €rr, _s, _r, and '2.

(C) calch → Final -ca is added lo words lhat end in
→

lix →
Final -6s is pronounc€d /t/ and adds a syllaue.'

buzz →

(d)iy → rlles lf a word ends in a consonant + -y, change tie -yto -iand add '.4, as an (d)

(e)pay → PayS lf a word ends in a vowel + -y, simply add

tNcoRREcr: paies ot pates

(l) So + goes The singularJorms ol lhe verbs go, do, and rave are irregular'
do r does
hav€ + hrs
rs.e Ch.n 6- l , p. l,l?, for morc inlomrion about tbc prcNnciarion of fnal -'l_@
'ryowh = !, .. i, o, u. Consonec = .I oth( left€rs in rh. alphabcr.

14 CHAPT[Rl
 tr Exercise 23. Looking ol grommor. (Chorts t-4 ond I-5)
Underline the ve.b(s) in each sentence. Add final -s/-es ifnecessary. Do not change any
other words.
a
1. A fiog iq!qp^.
2. Frcss iq4E ' (tto chanse)
3. A boat float on water.
4. Rivers flow toward the sea.
5. My mother worry abour me.
6. A student buy a lot ofbooks at the beginning ofeach rerm.
7. Airplanes fly all around the world.
8. The teacher ask us a lot ofquestions in class every day.
9. Mr. Cook watch game shows onTV every evening.
10. \X/ater freeze at i2.F (0.C) and boil at 212.F (100.C).
1 1. Mrs. Thylor never cross dre street in the middle of a block. She always walk to
the comer
and use the crosswalk.

Crommor ond listening.(chOr l_5)

逃to the vclbs Chcck your answcrs with a partl■
t憲「
♂ :鑑ξ er Llsten to tl■ c pronunciatiOn

￨ヽ 1 1 [alk 0
'● ０ kiss １
studv
 
2 rlsh θし ■ push ２
buy_
 
3 hopc____ ＆ walt ３
cn,oy_
4 tcach_ ， ｍ︲ｘ ４
try_
   

5, mo!.e α ｂ。ｗ ５
carry_

tr Exercise 25. tel's lolk

poirwork. (chort t_5)
Work wirh a parmer. Inok at rhe pictures and make conversations. Take rurns
being parmer A
and Parmer B. Follow this model. Use l,e, srr, or ,reJ as appropriare.
PARTNER A: V4rat is he doing?
PARTNI]R Bi He _.
PARTNER A: Does he _ often?
PARr \-ER B: No, he doesn,t. He mrely

PresenlTime I5
J Exercise 26, Gome, (chork t-4 qnd r-5)
Your teacher will assign each student en item number. (If there ar€ fewer than 24 students,
some students will have two numbers. If there are more than 24 students, some students will
have the same nurnber.) Find your number in the list and write dre words that appear beside
it on a slip ofpaper. Then close your book.
r00alk around the classroom and say your words to other classmates. You are looking for
the other half ofyou, sentence. Vhen you 6nd the person with the other half, combine the
information on both of your slips ofpaper into a sentence.
lvrite the sentence on t}Ie board or on a piece of paper. Make changes to the verb if
necessary.

Exomtlz: l. Ast^r
2. shine in the sky at night
- A stat shines in the sbt a, night.
l. A car ll. An elephant
2. causes air pollution. 12. A hurricane
3. stretch when you pull on it. 13. produce one-fouth ofthe world's coffee.
4. A hotel 14. Oceans
5. support a huge variety ofmarine life. 15 use its long trunk like a hand to pick
6. Abee things uP'
7. Does exercise 16. Brazil
8. cause great desEuction when it lT supply its guests with clean towels'
land.
reaches 18. A rubber band
9. A river lq. collects nectarr from flowers.
lO. improves your health? 20. flows downhill.

J ExercBe 27. Worm-up. (chort l-6)

Circle the correct completions.

CHARuE: Shhh! I something on our roof.

a. hear b. am heating

I there is a person up there.

a. think b. am thinking
-
DAD: I
a. don\ know b- am not knowing
It -, more like a small animal, maybe a cat or squirrel.
a. sounds b. is sounding
-

'E@ = . susary liquid iBir. ll@6

16 cHAmR r
 Some vorbs are generally not ussd in progressive tonses'
(a)
tNcoRRECf: I am knowing Ms. Chen. These vebs are called "non-action verbs."r They express
a srluation that exists, nol an aclion in progress.
(b) l'm hungry. I wanta sandwich.
tNcoBRECf: I em wanting a sendwich.

(C) This book beiongs lo Mikhail.

tNoRREcf: This book is belonging lo Mikhail-

le lko lorget
be teve
ex st love
think
understand hate
seem agree
know belong
disagree
mean look liko

fhrrk and hrve can be us€d in lhe progressive.

(d) I tiint that Eammar is easy. ln (d): When thiat means "believ6," it is non_prcgressive'
ln (€): wh€n fiinkgxpresses thoughls lhal are gorng
\e) I em thinking aboul grammar righl now.
lhrough a person s mind. il can be proglessive.

(l) Tom ,,rs a car. ln (l): When nav6 means "own or exprssses possession'
ii is nol used ln lh€ progressive.

(g) I m l,avirg a good lim6 ln (g): ln oxprcssions where havadoes nol mean "own"
\e.g., have a goocl time, have a bac! tine have trouble.
have a ptoblem, haw lunch, have a snack have cofipany
have an opeationt. have can be us€d ln the progrossive'

,Non-rdion r,.rbs lE .lso ellcd 'non_prclr..siE" or "3btiE" Ett'{'

コ Exercise 23.L● ●king●I glomm● L(Chort l‐ 6)

Choosc the correct respOnses

l AI wnat do yOu likc bctter: coree Ortca'

B: I_____tCa
a. am Preferring @ n..r.'
2. A: Cafl you help me set the table for dinner?
B: [n a minute. I mY rePort.
a. am finishing b. 6nish
-
3. A: Are you busy?
B: I-afe\eminutes.
a. have b. am havinS

4. A: a good time?
a. Are you having b. Do you have
B: -Yes, I m)self.
a. am enjoying b. I enjoy
-

Presenl Time I7
 5. A: Therc's goes Salna on her new Ecing bike.
Bi Yeah, she reelly _ bikes.
s. is loving b. loves
A: ThaCs for sure! She _
several.
a. is owning b. owns

J Exercise 29. tooking ql grommoL (Chod t -6)

Complere the senrences wirh rhe simpl€ ptesenr or presenr ptogressive
form of rrrrz& and

l. A: How is your new iob goina?

B: Prerty good. | (think) think I am doing okay.
2. A: You look upser. WhaCs on your mind?
Br I'm woried abour my dau8hter. I G&,ri) shct in

3. A: You look far away.i lJ0hat,s on your mind?

B: I G1,,,&) about my vacarioo next week. I can,t wait!
4. A: Hey, rherel How,s rhe parry going?
B: Grear! We (,ar€) a lot ofirn.
5. A: Could I borrow some money?
B: Sorrn I or y (rd?,") a litde changefi on me.

J Exercise 30. Looking ol glommor. (chort I -6)

Lomplere the sentences. Use the simple present or present progressive
form of the verbs in
parentheses.

l. Rightnowl (/aoA) am tookinl out the window. I (sde) 6rd a window

washer on a ledder.

2. A: ( you, need) some help, l\tus. Bernini?

(you, want) me to carry that box for you?
B: Yes. rlank you. That'sverynrceof you.
3. A: Who is that rnan? | (thinh) rhar | (knou)
him, but I (/o/ae,
his name.
B: That's A&.. Marrinez.
A: That's righr! I (rcnenber) him now.

rlo& aw, = l6ot lil€ you EE rhi.tjns abolr orhcr

lar thi!$; daydrc.m

18 cHAP[Ee I
 (″ち ら
″:ωり in ghosts?
B: No. In my opinion, ghosts (rjflsr) onl!, in people\
imaginations.

5. Right now the children (re) at the beach. They (naoe)

a sood time. Tltey (hate)
shovels, and dley (rxild) a sandcastle. They (/*e)
to build big sandcastles. Their parenrs (ir)
on the beach and (/6!er)
to music. They (/rrrrr, /,o, ro their children's
conversations, but they (redr) them anylvay,

」 Exgrcise 3I. Wolm-up. (chort t-7)

Choose tle correct response for each quesrion.

l. Does Janet eat 6sh?

a. Yes, she does. b. Yes, she is.

2. Do you eat fish?

a. No,I don't. b. No, I am nor. c. No, I donl ear.
3. Are you vegetarian?
a. Yes, I do. b. Yes, I am. c. Yes, I like.

Pres€nt Time l9
 1・ 7 1

Question
ouEsTroNs wrTH oolooEs Yes he llkes tea

No he doesnl,ke tea

00 you″ 々e tea? Yes l d0 Yes,l lke tea

No ldoni No ldool lke tea

OUEST10NS WITH θ_● Yes. I am (lm)studying.

No, I'm noi studying.

s Yoko a student?
′ Yes, she is (she's) a sludenl.
No, shet nol a slud6nt. oR
No she isn't a studenl

ハe they s・ L″ わo2 Yes, they are (lheyle) studying.

No, they're nol sludying. oB
No, they aren'l studying.
r,4,, i,, od ar c Nor.oom.tcd with prmolm ir ihon .tffi.
Y6' ftu V6' st2's. Y6' na\.

コ Exercise 32. looking ot grommor. (Chori I-7)

Complete the convefiations- Use rhe simple present or present progressive form of the velbs
in parentheses. Cive short answerr to the questions as nccessary.

l A: Qanya, ha e) Daes lanya have

^bike?
B: yes,
--ihg-d9cL. She (,/rorz) _.IzL a racing bike.

2 A: (ち ″ right now?
")
B: No, A least,I(′ みlll々 ,"θ rl

3 A: (ッ フ r卜c″ へ 7・
"“
) a lot of emails?
“
B: Ycs, I(′ lots of emails all rhc rimc.
`)

4 A: (the uvather, affect') your mood?

B: Yes, 1(″ D grumpy when it's rainy.

'Th. word,jQa is a ve6: n 2 @dnw afidt nr D@d,

Tb.eid./s,h.nou: lvam, tun 4t @hd hB a soot! .Oct on nt noal

20 cHAmR r
 5. A: (Jean, ywly) at ihe library riis evening?
B: No, She (6, at the gym. She
(ρ lal) rable tennis $ith her fricnd.
* (lean, play\ table tennis every evening?
B: No, She usuall]- (rrr./d,},) at the librarr'.
A: (she, be) a good player?

B: Yes, She (p1a, table tennis a lot.

At (J,ou, play) table tennis?
B: Yes, B\\t | (be, not) very good.

C Exerciso 33. Llslening. (Chori r-7)

14 furt L Listen to these examples. Norice the reduced pronunciarion of the phrases in irdi.r.
(<a

r:?rs At the doctor's ofrice

l. you , Oyr"
Do Do jou haoe
^D ^ppointmett?
2. Does he + Dze Does he haoe zn zppointrnent?
3. Does she + Duh-she Do€r s/,r lrar€ an appointment?
4. Dowe + Duh-we Do ue hau an
5. Do they ) Duh-thef Do they haoe ^ppointment?
6. Am I I Mi ^n ^ppoill,rdr,erf.?
,{rn f hte for my appointment?
7. Isir + Zn ls,rrime for my appointment?r
8. Does it - Z;t D,a rhurr?
Porr Ir. Complete each quesrion \rrifi the unreduced form of the words you hear.
Erazpler You will hear: Do you want ro tell me whet rhe problem is?
You will write: Da .vau vranr to tell me whar rhe problem is?

l. have pain anywhere?

2. hurt an!$here else?
1. have a cough or sore throar?
4. have a fever?
5. need lab tests?
6. very sick?
7. serious?
8. need to make another appointment?
9. want to wait in the waiting room?
to. pay now or later?

rsee Ch,prc. 5 tur m.re

.$mples of quesn,ns *ith ,, in sloten Enslhh.

Presenl Time 2I
tr ExelcBe 34, lefs iolk ltdervieuv. (chod I-7)
Make questions with the given words. Then walk around the room and ask and answer
questions. Your aflswerc should have both a short and a long response.

Enan L. be \ Texas \ in South Amelica?

SPEAKER A: lsTexas in South Arnerica?
SPEAKIR B: No, it isn't. 'fbxes is in North Afierica.

1. rhe €erth \ revolve \ around the sun \ riEht now?

2. the moon \ tevolve \ around the earth \ every 28 days?
3. be \ the sun and moon planets?
4. be \Toronto in western Canada?
5. whales \ lay \ eggs?
6. your country \ have \ gorillas io the wild?
7. be \ gorillas \ intelligent?
8. mosquitoes \carry\ malaria?
9. you \ like \ vegetarian food?
10. be \ our teacher \ ftom Austmlia?
ll. it \ rain \ outside \ right now?
12. be \ you \ tired ofthis interview?

u Exeicis€ 35. tislening. (chod l-7)

F Choose the correct rcsponses.
@
li examob: You will hear: You look hor and rred. Are vou thirstv?
You will choose: (a) Yes. t am.
b. Yes,I do.
l. a. Yes,I want. 4, ,. Yes, we do.
b. Yes,I do. b. Yes, we need.

2. a. Yes,Iam. 5. a. Yes, he does.

do.
b. Yes, I b. Yes, he is

3- a. Yesr it is. 6. a. Y€s, theY are.

b. Yes, it does. b. Yes, they do.

I ExoreEo 36. Loking ot glqmmol. (chopter I)

Complete the sentences.-Use ire simple present or lhe pr€sent progressive form of the verbs
ill parentheses.
1. A: My sister (iaoe) ---haz- anew car. She bought it last month'
Rt (Jou,ha?E) Do YoL have a car?

A: No,l - alqtrL. Do you?

B: No, but I have a motorcycle.

22 cHAPI〔 Rl
 2. A: \ifhar are the childrcn doing? (they, wotrh) TV?
B: No, rhey . They (p1a-)') outside.

1. A: l^cob, ( you, liskn)

B: Of course I am, Mom. You (craxr) me ro take out the
garbage. Right?
A: Yes, and I mean now!

4. A: Hey, Becky, where (6.) you?

Bi I (6d) in thc bedroom.
A: What (lor, do)
B: I GrJ) to sleepl

5. A: V}Iet (yolt, thinh) about at night before you fall asleep?

B: | (think) about my day. Bur I (,1,r,,{, rol)
about anything negative. What (rliin k)
At I (thhk, nor) about anything. I (.our,)
sheep.r

6. A: A penny for your rhoughrs.

B: Huh?
A: That means: Whzt O)ou, think) about right no$?
Bt | (rhirk) about my homework. I (thinh, no,)
about anlthing else righr now.
A: | (belieoe, not) you. You Gr,r&)
abour your wedding plans!

7. A: ( rou, hnotn) any tongue-twisters?

B: Yes,I . Here's one: She sells seashells down by rhe seashore.
A: That (6e) hard to say! Can you say this: Sharon wears Sue's shoes to
zoos to look at cheap sheep?
L That (make, not) anv sensc
A: I (kntxu) bur it's fun to say.

r@a, rr"e, = fiu aslcep Mrurarly by closinA }Dur cy.s sd couriDg imsinall, sh..p

Presenl Time 23
I Exercis€ 37. Peoding, giommor, ond lislening. (chopter I)
Parr L Read the passage aIld choose the correct completions.

Aerobic Exercise

Jeremy and Nancy believe exercise is important. They go to an exelcise class three times a
week. They like aerobic exercise.
Aerobic exercise is a special tlpe ofexercise. It increases a person's heart rate. Fast
walking, running, and dancing are examples ofaerobic exercise. During aerobic exercise, a
person's heart beats fast, This brings more orygen to the muscles. Muscles work longer when
they have more oxygen.
Right now Jeremy alld Nency are listening to some lively music. They are doing special
dance steps. They are exercisiog dilferent parts oftheir body.
How ebout vou? Do you like to €xercise? Do your muscles get exercise every week? Do
you do some rlpe ofaerobic exerc$e?

l. Jeremy and Naocy @ are thi"k;"g exercis€ is Sood for them.

2. 'f7rcy prcler' arc ,relernng aerobic exercise.

3. Aerobic exercise nakes,;s makirlg e person's heart beat fast.
4. Muscles need, are needing oxvaen.
5. With more oxygen, muscles t{ror&, ar€ anr},;g longer.
6. Right now Jeremy andNancy do,are doing a special kind ofdance.
7. Do you exetcise, Arc lou exercising every week?
8. Do you exercke, Are iou exerdhg rightnow?
a Part II. Listetr to the passege and complete the senrences with the words you hear- cover
Cd Part I with a piece ofpaper.

Aeroblc Exercfue

Jeremy and Nancy exercise is important. They

an exercise class dree times a week. They aerobic exercise.

3

Acrobic exerosc - a special● pc oF exerclsc lt

4 5

person's heart rate. Fast walking, running, ard dancing exarnplcs oF aerobic

exercise. Duiing aerobic exercise, a peason's he& Fast ThiS

t
-
more oxygen to the muscles. Muscles longer whcn the),
9

more oxygen.

Right now Jeremy and Nancy tO sOmc Lvcv muSiC ncy

1〕

special dance steps. They di6erent

t2
parts of their body.

24 cHAmP I
 How about you? to exercise? vour
14 1●

muscles cxcrcisc cvery wccP VOu some tlpe

17 18
of aerobic cxcrcisc,

J Exercise 38. Check youl knowledge. (chopter t)

Edit the passege to correct errors in verb tense usage.

Omar's Visit
ownS
(l ) My ftiend Omar i&€r*EiEg his own car now. lth brand new.i Today he driving ro a

small town north of the city to visit his aunt. He love ro listen to music, so rhe CD player is

play one ofhis favorite CDs loudly. Omar is very happy: he is drive his o\r,'rt car and listen

to loud music. He's look forward to his visir with his eunt.

(2) Oma. is visiting his aunt once a week. She's elderly and live alone. She is thinking

Omar a wonderi nephew. She love his visirs. He rry to be helpfirl aod considerate iJl cv€ry

way. His aunt don't hearing well, so Omar is speaks loudly and clearly when he,s with her.

(3) \?hen he's fiere, he 6x rhings for her around her aparEnent and help her wirh her
shopping. He isn'r sraying v.ith her overnighr. He usually is sraying for a few hours and then is

heading beck to rhe city. He kiss his aunt good-bye and give her a hug before he is leaving.

Om.r is a v€ry good nephew.

iaBd@ =.omplcr.lydd

Presenl'Iime 25
」 Exorcise l. Worm-up. (chort 2-l)
Check(′ ) the statements that are true for you. Share your answers with a partner.
1 _ I stayed up late last night.
2 _ I slepr well last night.
3 _ I was tired this morning.

(a)Mary walked drlwntc wn veso′ ″ The simple pastis used to talk about acliv ties or s tualions that began
′Sbrdaン ●s,■ 011●Vο あ20チ 0)
(b)1 3reprfOr e19ht hoり rS● S'noわ ′ and ended n the pasl(eg days agο

lc) Bob srayed home ysslsday moming. Most simp e past veOs areヽ med by addin9‐ edtoa veO as n(a)
(d) Our plane /ardedon limo last nighl. (C)and(d)

(e)laに breaklastth s morn n0 Soms velbs nave irrssular pasi lorms, as in (b), (e), and (l). See chari
(I)Sue roo々 a taxito the a rpOn yesterday 2-4.

(g) I was busy yeslerday. Th€ simple past lorms ol t€ ate was and werc.
(h) They were ai home lasi n ghl.

Forms of the Simple Past: Regrrlar verbs

STATEMENT I You She He n We They worttedyesterdaソ

NEGAT VE I You She,He,lt We They d″ "ol(dd口 1)'Vο ″ yesterday

QUEST10N oid l, you, she, he, il, we,lhey wolk yeslerday?

SHORT ANSVVER Yss, l, you, she, he, il, w6, they dd. oF No, l, you, sh6, h€, it, we,lhev drd,'t

Forms ofthe Simple Pastt 8€

STATEM ENT l, She, He, 11 was in class Yesterday.
We, You. They we.e in class yesteday.

NEGATIVE L She. He.lt wasrol(wasr't) in class yostoday.

We,You,They were not \weren't) in class y6sierdav
OUEST10N lVas I, she, he, il in class yosterday?
Were w€, you, they in class y6sierday?

SHORT ANSVVER ヽ l, she, he, was Yss we. You. ihsy wete.

Ｎ l, she, he, it rasn l. No, we, you, thoy we.er'i.

Ｏ，

26
J Exercisa 2. Looking ol glommor. (Chorr 2-t)
Create your own chart by wriring rhe negarive and question forms ofthe words in rialrcs. Omit
the rest of each sefitence.

Negative Question
l. He ieeded watet. He didn't need Oia hc nccd

2. She drunk tea.

3. Thqi plated basebell.
4. I bfie rry.
5. The! ,.ote boots.
6. lve had time.
7. h uas fin.
8. You &ere late.

J Exerciso 3. l€fs tolk. (chort 2-t)

All of the sentences contain inaccurate information. Make true starements by
(l) making a negarive srarement and
(2) making an afirmarive sratement using accurate informarion.

L Thomas Edi\on invenred rhe telephone.

> Thomas Edison didn\ inoent the telephone.
> Abxandcr Grahan Bell iruented the telephone.
2. I came to school by hor-air balloon today.
3. The students in this class swam into the classroom rodav.

4. (Teacher\ name) is z movie director.

５
I slept in a tlee last right.
 

６
The Int€rner became popular in rhe 1970s.

コ Exerciso 4. Listening. (chopter I ond chori 2-t)

′ Listen to each sentence. Choose the correct completion(s). More rhan one completion may
０ be possible.
＝
Eaafip&. You will hear: It snows . . .
You will choose: (in tie wmier) every day, now.
1. French. togerher. last week.
2. right now. yesterday. last summer.
3. in the eveniflg. last night. behind the mountahs.
4. et this moment. our class. Yesterday.
5. two week ago. right now. at this moment.

Pos,■ me 27
コ Exercise 5. lislening, (chorl 2-l)
′ The diferences between uaslrDas'i'a and uteielrosten't cen be hard to hear in spoken
０ English. The "t" in the negauve contraction is often dropped, end you may only hear an /n/
１
１１
１︲ sound.

Pdrr L Listen to these exampl€s.

l. I was in a hurry. I wasn't in a hurry.
2. They were on time. They weren't on time.
3. He was at the doctor's. He wasn\ at the doctort.
4. We were early. We werenl early.

Par, lL Circle the words you hear. Before you begin, you mey want to check your
understanding of these wotdsi v)edding, nerwus, excited, ceremofiy, recePtion
At a wedditrS

l. was wasn't 6. was wasn't

2. was wasn't 7. was wasD't
3. were weleD't 8. was wasn't
4. were weren't 9, were weren't
5. was wasn't 10. wer€ weren't

I Exercise 6. Worm.up. (chod 2-2)

Do you know the spelling rules for tiese verbs?
Pafi I- W:iite the -ing form of each verb under the co.recl heading.

Drop final -€. Double final consonant. Change -re to -y. Just add -t'ng.
Add -irs. Add -ins. Add -ins.

Par, ,l writ€ the -ed form of each verb under the correct heading.

enioy tie stop study

Double final consorunt. Change -, to -i. Jusr add -ed Just add -d.
Add -ed Add -ed.

28 CHAPIER 2
 End of Double the Sirnple
17erb Consonant? Form -ing -ed
で NO (a) smib smiling smiled ‐
fng form:Dropthe t aOd lng
hope hop ng hoped ‐
ed io「 mi 」ust add‐ こ

NO (b)help helping he,ped ll lhe verb ends in lwo consonanls, ilsl

learn learning learned

NO (c) rain raining rained ll the verb ends in lwo vowels I a

+ one heat heating heated consonanl, tust add -,hg or -ed

YES ONE― SYLLABLE VERBS lJ lhe verb has one syllable and ends ln
+ One one vowel + one consonanr. double the
(d) stop slopping stopped
consonanl lo make the -irg or -edlorm.i
plan planning planned
NO TWO― SYLLABLE VERBS l, ihe firsl syllable ol a lwo-syllable verb s
slressed. do nol double the consonant.
visiting visited
otlering offered

YES 0:燻
:鳳 増腑lξ!
li lhe second syllable ol a lwo'syllable
verb is stressed. double lhe consonanl.

ツ NO (S) play playing played lf lhe verb ends in a vowel + -y, keep lhe
enjoy enioying enjoyed -y. Do nol change lhe -rlto -l
(h) worry worrying worried ll lhe verb ends n a consonani r -y, keep
sludy stuclying sludied the -y for the -irg lorm, bul change lhe -y
lo -i lo make the -ediorm.
‐
fe (1)Oie dying died ‐
lngfOrmi change the letoヴ and
e ty ng ued add fng
“ ‐
ed io「 mi 」ustadd d

'ExcEmoNs: Do not double w"or"x"r sd?a s,@i,& r,ed,lix,frrins,fred.

」 Exelcise 7, Looking ol spelling. tchod 2-2,

\itrrite the -mg and -ed forms of these verbs.

-inc ‐θ′

1 wait
2 clean
3 plant
4 plan

5 hope

6 hop

Post Ime 29
 7. play
8. study
9. try
10. die

I l. sleep olept (ha -ed)

12. run ran (no -cd)

・Lい 赫
ξ TttTW泄 壁翌空
pCclal狐 m o spellll■ ,

2. Oh, no. The elevator door is sruck. It isnl

3. Hcrc's a lcttcr for Jou. I it accidentall!.

4. l'm to the phone m€ssage that you already to

5. Are you to me or telling me the truth?

6. '$0e
the party.

7. I',m the nice weather today.

8. You look upset. what

f Exelclse 9. Worm'up' (chq s 2-3 ond 2-4)

There ere four main parts to a verb. Can you complete the chart?

Simple Simple Past Present

Form Past ParticiPle Participle
l. help hel1ed helPine

2. staY
j take took l;akeh takinc

4. give
5. be

30 CHAPTER 2
 'arts of a Verb
Regular Verbs
SIMPLL「 ORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE PRESENT PART1CIPLE
iinish linished linishing
stop slopped sloppod stopping
いope hoped hoped hoping
wat waiting
play played played playing
try tied lri€d wang
Irregular Verbs
see seeing
make making
sln0 sang sung singing
eat earing
put put pul puning
90 gone going

Principal Parts ofa verb

THE SIMPLE FORM English velbs have lou r principal forms, or "parts." The slmpte iorm is the
lorm that is lound in a dictionary. ll is lhe bas€ lorm with no endings on il
ino final-s, -€4 or -r,g).

(2)THE S MPLE PAST The simple peai ends in -€d lor regular verbs. Most verbs are regular, but
many common verbs have ifiegular pasl forms Se6 the relerence lisl ol
irregularvelbs lhal,ollows in Charr 2-4.

(3)THE PAST PARTIC,PLE The pasl parllclple also ends in -edJor regular velbs. Some verbs are
irregular. lt is used in perlect tenses (Chapter 4) and lhe passive
(Chapier 1o).

(4)TH E PR ESENT PARTICIPLE The pre6ent partlclplo ends in rhg (for both regular and irregularvebs). tt
is used in progressivo l€nses (e.9., the present progrcssive and the past
prcsrcssive).

Paslnme 31
SIMPLI SIヽ lP旺 IAST 4PLE
Siム SINII u PASi
FORNl PAS r PARTICH'LL FORM PAST IARTK■ PI E

Oe lent lent

beat !et let

become lay lain

beOin b€gan begun lighl ,tl ghted lMiOhted

bend lost lost

b te bit made nade

Olow meant meant
break met met
bring broughi broughi paid pald
build built built put put
burn qut quit

y boughl boughl read read

catch
“ caughr caught rode i00en
choose ng iang rung
come rose rsen
COSt an run
cut said sald
d0 dus dug saw seen
do sold sold
draw sent sent
dream dreamed/drcaml sel set set
dink drunk shook shaken
O子 Ve driven shot shot
eat eaten shut shut
ial lett lalen sang sung
leed fe0 sank sunk
ieel fe t sat sat
,Oht icughl fought slept s opt

ind Found sld sid

iit til fit spoke spOken
ry ilown spent spent
lorget lorgot lor9oten spread spread
ior91ve ior9,ven stood stood
ireeze frozen まoe stolen
get gol goν gOtten stuck stuck

91Ve given s″ am 9″ um
90ne took taken
9。
taught laじ ght
9rOW 9'OWn
hang hung hun9 tore torn

have ha0 iell to10 to10

hear heard lh nk thoughi thou9ht

hide hid hidden threw thrc wn

h“ h( ht understood understood
いold held upset upset
hurt hurt woke7waked woken/・ vaked

keep kept wore wKlrn

know known WOn WOn

leave lei wrote wrtten

32 cHAP':R2
f, Exercis€ I0. tooking ol gr€mmor. (chod 2-4)
Complete the sentences. Use the simple past of any irregular verb that makes sense.
More than one answer may be possible.
l. Alima walked to the office today. Rebecca drave her car. Olga
her bikc Yoko rhe bus.

 
ft got so cold last nighr rhar rhe warer in rhe pond
 
＾
ｊ
Katya had a choice between a blue raincoar and a brown one. She finally
the blue one.

4. My husband gave me a painting for my birthday. I it on a wal in

my office.

5- Ilst night around midnight, when I was sound asleep, the telephone
It

6. The sun at 6:04 this rnorning and at 6:59 1ast

night.

7_ I an email to my cousir after I finishcd studying lasr night.

8. Ms. Morita chemistry at the local high school last year

9. Oh, my gosh! Call rhe police! Someone

10. The police the car thieves quickly and fiem

to jail.

ll. Thc earthquake was strong, and rhe ground

12. A bird into the grocery store rhrough an open door.

t3. My dog a hole in the yard and buried his bone.

14. I don't have any money in my wallet. I it all

yesterday. I'm flar broke.*

15. Ann does tunny things. She

brother's wedding last week.

r/7dr,tu&. complctcly out oimon.v

Posl Ime 33
J Erercise I l. looking qt gtqmmor. (choft 2-l , 2-4)
Create your o\trTr chalt by writing the simple past, negative, and question forms of the words in
rralrar. Om,r the re\t ofeach \enlence,

SimplePast Negative Question

1. 1{€ s&Ds lunch. He skiPaed He didnt skiD Dia he 6kitt

2. Thqt bow early.

3. She does a lot.
4. fld n sick.
5. lYe diLv to srcrk.
6. You are tigbt-
7. I plan fi! day.

tr Exercise 12. lel's tolk poilx,ork. (chods 2-l- 2-4)

Work q.ith a partner. Answer the questiotrs with yes and a complete sentence.

A brolen arae
Imagine that you came to class today with a big cast on your arm. You slipPed on some ice
yesterday and fell down.

l. Did you have a bad day yesterday? ' Yes,I had a bad dav ves.edat.
2. Did you fall down?
3. Did you hun you$elfwhen you fell down?
4. Did you break your arm?
5. Did you go to the €mergency room?
Change roles.
6. Did you see a doctor?
?. Did you sit in the waiirng room for a long time?
8. Did the doctor put a cast on your arm?
9. Did you pay a lot of mon€y?
lO. Did you come home exhausted?

tr Exercise 13. tooklng ol grommor. (chods

form of the
' 2-4)2'l
words in Parentheses'
Complete the convelsarions with the correct

l, At (you, sleep) oia yau 6leeP well last night?

Bt \es, --J-A\L. 7 (sbep) ---alcPL very utell.

2. A: (Ella on rime yesrerdaf?

B: Yes, It(″ め in at exactly 6:05.

34 CHAPTTR 2
 3 A:(″ ち ″ ) away last weekend?
B: No, | (stay) home because I (/rd1, ,or)
good.

breakfast this morning?

B: No, .1(haoe,nor) enough time. I
was late for class because my alarm clock (nr& ,?or)

5. A: ( Dd Vinci, pann) the Mollα ιおα′

B: Yes, He also (ra,,, other famous
pictures.

tr Exercise 14. tooking ot grommor. (Cho s 2-l , 2-4)

Read the facts about each pelson. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given
verbs.

Srr-u TIoN l: Whirlwind Wendy is energetic and does everlthing very quickly. Here is her
tyT'ical morning.

Actittities:
wake up at 4:00 A.M.
clean her apart Dent
ride her bike five miles
get vegetables from her garden
watch a cooking show on TV
make soup for dinner
bring her elderly mother a meal
read the day's paper
fix herself lunch

Yesurday, Wendy .. .

up at 4:00 A.M.

2. aianl cleal her car.

3_ her bike ten miles.

1. vegetables ftom her garden.

5. a comedy show on TV.

6. soup for dinner.

7. her elderly mother a meal.

８
 
 
９
he$elf a snack.

Poslnme 35
 SITUAToN 2: Sluggish Sam is lazy and slow' He doesn't get much done in e dey. Here is his
qpical day.

Actilrities:
sleep forhours
12 come home
wake up at noon lie on the couch
take two hours to eet breakfast think about his busy life
go fishing begin dirurer st 8:00
fall asleep on his boat finish dinner et I I :00

Yesteday,Sam...
l. olept for 12 hours.

２ ′″4し ,ν ′鯵 up at 5:00 A.M.

， two hours to eat breakfast.

４ hiking.

■ asleep on his boat.

６ home,

７ on his bed.

＆ about his busy life.

帆 dinner at 5:oo.

０ diiner at I1r00.

Q Exercise 15, lefs tolk poinYolk. (chorts 2-t ' 2-,1)

Work with a partner. Partner A tells Partner B to perform an action. After Parme! B does
this, A will ask B a question in the past tense.

Exdt ple. Oper your book.

PAP.'rNER A: Open you book.
PAf(TNERB: (o?ens hnhn book)
PARTNER A: Vhat did you do?
PARTNER B: I opened my book.

Chonee rolis.
l. Shut your book. 9- Write your nsme on the board'
2. Stand up. 10. Drsw a Eiangle under youl name
3. Hide your pen. ll. Shake your head "no."
4. Turn to page 10 in your book. 12. Invite ourteacher to have lunch with us'
5. Put your book in your lap. 13 Read a sentence from your grammar book
6. Nod your head "yes." 14. wave "good-bye "
7. Tear a piece ofpaper. t5 Ask me for a pencil.
8. spe[ the past t€nse or,,speak." ,. came nGt:
[:rfiL*,::H:"&,y"ich

36 CHAPTER 2
J Exercise 16. laslening. (chods 2-r '2-4)
a- I\t I. Did ls often reduced at the beginning of questions. The pronoun that follows did may
Lo also chanee. Lisren ro the reduced Dronunciarion\ wifi drA
'""" t. Did yo., ' Did-ja Did you forser somethins?
腕 り Did you forgct sorncthing,
`
2 Did I ―→ ,カ イ Did l forgct somcthng,
Dl Did l fOrgct sOmcthh♂
3 Did hc → D"認 レ Did he forgct sOmetl■ lg,
Dβ Did hc forgct somcthing,
4 Did she → D′ み‐
sみ θ Did shc fOrget sometl■ ung7
5 Did wc → D力 刊ι Did we forget something,
6. Did rhey + Dih-thq) Did they forget something?
Ihr, II. You will hear questions. Complete each answer with the non-reduced form ofthe verb

l. Yes,ne did . He ,u, ir wirh a knife.

2. Yes, she She it all yesrerday.

3 Ycs,I them yesterday.

4. Yes, they ]￢hcy lt

5. Yes, you You lt

6. Yes, she She them

7 Yes,hc Hc lt to him

8 Ycs,I them yesterday.

9 Ycs,he He 11

10. Yes, you h/ou her

tr Exercise 17. lislening. (chorts 2-t ' 2-4)

a- " Listen to the questions. Complete each ansiwer widr rhe correct form of the verb you hear.
sa
r.9 i, Luka wasn't home Iast night.
1 ヽts,he ,vι 4ι to a party last night.
2 Yes,he a good time.

3 Yes,hc a lot of food.

4 Yes,he a lot ofsoda.

5 Ycs,he some new people.

6 Yes,he hands with them when he met them.

7 Yes,he widl fricnds.

8 Ycs,he with his iiends and

Posl■ me 37
J Exercise 18. looking ot g]ommor. (chorts 2-l ' 2-4)
Rewrite the paragraph. Use the past tense. Begin your new paragraph wl1d\ Yesterday ,iorning.
The Daily News
Every rnorning, Jake reads the newspaper online. He wants to know the latest news. He
enjots rhe business section most. His wife, Eva, doesnl read any newspape$ on her computer.
She downloads them on her ebook'reader. She looks at rhe fronr pages 6rst. She doesn\ have
a lot of time. She fnishes the articles later in the day. Both Jake and Eva xle very
knowledgeable about the day's events.

J Exelcise 19. Lisiening. (cho s2-l ,2-4)

kn t Answer the questions. Then listen to the passage with your book closed.
co
Did you ger the flu** last year?
\il'ere you very sick?
'What symptoms did you have?

,Part IL Open your book and read the statemeDts. Circle "T" for true and "F" for false.

1. The flu kills a lot ofpeople worldwide every year. T F

2. The flu virus ftom l9l8 to 1920 was a usual flu virus. T F
3. Most ofthe people v/ho died were very young or very old. T F

Para zL Listen to the passage again. Complete the sentences with th€ words you hear.

A Deadlv Flu
Ｂ ｕｉ
Every year, the flu 200,000 to 300,000 people around the world. ln
    
  
    
1918, a very strong flu virus millions ofpeople. This flu 一
ｌｎ
2 3

1918 and until 1920 1t around the、 vorld,and bet、 vecn

4
20 million and 100 milllon pcople UDlike other flu eiruses that usually
6
」hc vcry young and the very old,man■ oftlle nctuns healthy
7 8
yOung adults This pcople especiany aFraid

aaD@l = cl.ctrcnic boot

'r!turs = th. inflkEa vitus;symprons utually in lude feven ftht!, dr.dnns, coqh' srd !r@v dde

3t cHAmR 2
」 Exercise 20,Worm‐ up::istening (chOr1 2-5)
O direlnRI]:::CaCh pair oF verbs Dccidc r thc vcrb endings havc thc sarnc sotlnd or a

Erazrle. hear:
岬
You will plays

︵
You will choosei same

1 same difierenr 3. same different

2. same differcnr 4. same differenr
ル stell to tlle sentences Thcy cOntaln past tense verbs wllat sound docs ulc‐ ο
"E_1■
endlng have:′ プ,′ ″ ,or′ oα , `
臓α″,い You wlll hear: Jack pl"cd a galnc oftcnlus
bu剛 ぬoosc″
◎ 70d
l ′
′ ′
α od
′ 3 /υ 7d Dd
′

2 ′
′ d ′
∝ν 4 t d ′
od7

(a) lalked talマυ Final +d is pronounced /U aller voic€lsss sounds.

slopped stOp/υ You make a voiceless sound by pushing air through your mouth.
hkKソ υ No sound comes from your lhroat.
watcⅣ t
Examples ol voiceless sounds: hl . l9l , ls/ , lcnl , lshl .
was"υ

called calld′ Final -ed is pronounced /d/ aller voiced sounds.

rain′ d′ You make a voiced sou nd lrom your lhrcat. Your voice box vibrates
live′ d′
Examples ol voiced sounds:/l/, /n/, /v/, /b/, and allvowelsounds.
robld′
stayld′

(C)Waned Final● d is pronounced′ od aner■・ and・ d・ sOunds

needed Adding′ Od adds a sylable to a lvord

」 Exerciso 2I. Lislening. (Chopte. I qnd Chort 2-5)

′ Listen to each sentence and choose the velb form you hear.
00
Exam?b: yon wlll heer: I needed more help.
---_
You willchoose: need needs 6eedet
l. a8ree aarecs agrced 5. cnd ends eDded
2, zgree agrees agreed 6. stop stops stopped
3. ardve arrives a昴ved 7. touch touches touched
4. explain explains explau■cd

Posl Tims 39
」 lxercise 22.ustening.(choplerl ond Chor1 2‐ 5)
LStCn to each semence and choosc thc cOrrcct comメ C■ On
♂ I"α 771p7F YOu wnlhcar 、たЧ
Юrkcd lll
橋
=ヽ You will choosc: 五8hi no‐

l. every day. YesterdaY.

2. right now. last week.
3. six days a week. yesterday.

5. every day. yesterday,

6. every day. yesterday.

Exelcise 23. Lislening ond pronunciolion. (chorl2-s)

コ Listen to the past tense pronunciation of each word. Vrite the -ed endiflg you hear: /t/, /d/, or
＾
０ /ad./. Practice pronouncing the verbs.
中̈ l cookcd′ ,′ 5. started / / 9 added′ ′

2 served′ ′ 6. dropped / / 10 passcd′ ′

3 ■anted′ ′ 7. pulled/ I 1l rcturned′ ′

4 asked′ ′ 8. pushed / I 12 pOinted′ ′

Exercise 24 Lel's:isten ond iolk (cぃ

日 o子 IS 2-1-,2‐ 5)

Listen lo thc conversatlon bet、 veen t、 vo fliends about thclr、 veckcnds and ans、 vcr the
﹁
．
P● γ′i

Ｃ qucsllons
ｏ
¨

l. One person had a good weekend. Why?

2. His friend didn't have a good weekend. \vy'hy not?

40 CHAPT[R2
 Ihr,IL Complete the conversation with youI parrner. IJse past tense verbs. Practice sayng it
until you cao do it without looking at your book. Then change roles and creete a new
conversation. Perform one of the conversatioN for the class.
A: Did you have a good weekend?

B: Yeah,l
A: Really? Thar sounds like tun!

B: it grearl I
How about you? How was your weekend?
I

B: Did you have a good time?

Yes. / No. / Not really.

U Cxercise 25. Worm.up. (chori 2-6)

Match the sentences in Column A with the descriptioN in Column E.

Column A Column B
l. I looked at the limousine. a First I looked et the limousine.
The movie star was waving Then the movie star waved.
out the window. b. First the movie star began waving.
＾
ι
I looked at the limousine. Th€n I looked at the limousine.
The movie star waved at me.

Posimme 41
S mp!e Past (a)Mary lvaked downtown yesterday The slMPLE PASTiS used io talk about
an ac″ Й″ or s′
(b)l Srept10r e19ht hours lasi n19ht "atlon
en“ d ata″ rllcυ 力r fllar
ilme"●be9an
e"sIand

(eo,yesorday lasr]g力 4ル yο da/s

agq ll劾 7).as in(a)and(b)

(C)l Sat down atthe d nnerlab e at The PAsr PBoGFEssrvE o(presses a,

6∞ RM yesterdaメ Ton cameto acliw thet was in prcgtess lwas
ny house a1 6:10 PM occudng, was happeningl a1 a poilll
l was earfng dinner,v力 en bn ol time in the pasl (e.9., at6ir0)or al
ca′ηe lhe lime ol anoiher aclion (e.9., rvhe,
Tom came)-
(d)I WentiO bed at10:00 The phone
rang at ll:00 ln (c): oaling was in progress al6:10i
1 was s′eθ plng l・ 71eη ′θρわοηθ
l・ ealing was in progress whe, Iom
ran,
FORM: Wglwarc + -lng
ｅ
when rhe phone rang,l was sleeping.
 
ｆ
fhe pno e t€ng whlle I was sleeping. wrrrb = during that time
Eumples (e) and (l) have lhe same meaning.

Forms ofthe Past Proglessive

STATEMENT I, She, He, lt

NECAr VE I She He.1 wa6 not (wasn't) wo*ing.

VOu`We.They wet€ not lwercn t) working.

OuEST10N レas
ν ,she,he, t wo*in9?
Were "u.we,they
SHORT ANS,VER Yes, l, sh6, h6, il wrs. Yes, )ou, we, they were.
No, l, she, h6, il rvasn'l No, you, we, they werer'l

42 CHAPTER 2
」 Exercise 26, Looking ol glommor. (chort 2-6)
Complete each sentence with the simple past or pest progressive form ofthe verb(s) in
parent}leses.

At 6:00 PM. Roben sat down at the table and began ro eat. Ar 6:05, Roberr (?ar)
---!a93a !0- dinner.

2 WЪ ne Robcrt(′ αぅ dinner, Ann (.o,rr)

thrclugh dlc door

l. In other words, when Ann (cor ?) through the door, Robert (?d,
dinner.
４
Roben wenr to bed at 10:30. At I I:00, Robert G/rrp)
 

５
While Robert (strap) his cell phone (nns)
 

６
ln other words, when his cell phone (rrrg) Robert (s1e.p)

７
 
Robert left his house at 8:00 A.M- and (regrr) to walk to class.
 
８
While he (rra&) to class, he (se?)

Mr. Ito.
L When Robert (re€) MI Ito,hc(`″ ηυ) in his

dri\te\pay. He (hod)

10 Mr. Ito (&are) ro Robert when he (ree) him

PosI面 me 43
」 Erercise 27. looking ol grommqr. (chod 2-6)
Complete rhe sentences, orally or in writing, using the information in rhe chart. Use the
simple past for one clause and the past proglessive for the other.

Actiuty in Progress Beth Da17id Llly

sit in a caf€ ordcr a salad pay a few bills spill coffee on her lap

stand in an elevator send a text message run into an old friend drop her glasses

swim in the ocean rvoid a shark see a dolphin 6nd a shipwreck

l. Beth tM5 bittin?

W4eile in cafa, s}].e oree.ed a sal^d.
^
2. D^vid. paia a fe\\ bills while he wa5 aiLlrinl in a cafe.

3. Lily coffee on her lap while she in a cafe.

4. ヽVhile Betl■ in an elevator, she

message on her cell phonc.

David an old ticnd whilc he ln an

6. Lilv her slasses \r'hile she ln an

clevator.
一
′
 
Bcth a shark while she
 
＾
０
 
ヽアhilc David in the ocean, he a dolphin.
 
０
´ Vhile Lily a shipwreck.

44 CHAPTER 2
-l Exercise 28. Let's tolk. (chor 2-6)
Your teacher will tell two studenrs to perform a rask. After rhey do, two other students will
descnbe lt. Only the teacher's book is open.

Eramde: To A: Write on the board. ToB: Open the door.

To STUDEN"T A:
Please write yout name on the board. (Studznt A wius on the board.)
What are you doing?
STUDENTA: I'm wriring on the board.
ThAcrrBR: Good. Keep writing.

To STUDENTB: Open the door. (Student B o?ent the door.) Whst did you iust do?
STLDENTB: I opened the door.
To STUDEN.T A: Please stop wriring.

To STLDENT C: Describe the two acrions rhat iusr occurred, using rulren.
STLDENT C: lyhen ( _ ) opened the door, ( _ ) was writing on rhe board.

To STLDENT D: Now describe the actioos, using r.'rre.

STUDENT D: While ( _ ) was wiring on rhe board, ( _ ) opened the door.

1. ToA: Wdteanoteto(_). ToB: Knock on the door.

2. 'fbA: Read your book. ToB: Take ( _)'s graDfilar book.
3. To A: I-ook at me. To B: llave rhe room.
4. ToA: Pur youl head on your desk. ToB: Drop your pencil.
5. ToA: Irok under your desk. ToB: Begin doing youl homework.

-l ExerEise 29. looking qt grommo]. (chort 2-6)

Read each pair ofsentences and answer the question.

1. a. Julia was eating breakfasr. She heard the breaking newsi reporr.
b. Sara heard the breaking news report. She ste breaKast.
QuEs'r'IoN: Who heard the news report durhg breakfast?

2. a. Carlo wes fishing ar the lake. A fish was iumping our of rhe water.
b. James was fshing ar the lake. A fish iumped out of the water.
QuEsilIoN: \vho saw a fish iump just on€ time?

3. a. When the sun came out, Paul walked home.

b. $fhen the sun came out, Vicky was walkiDg home.
QUESTIoN: Who walked home after the sun came out?

rrEdr,,r,ler = a sp€ci.l ncws Rpo( on tlcTv or radio

Post“ mo 45
-l Exercise 30. Reoding. (chort 2-6)
Read rhe passage and then read the statemenls. Ctcle "T" for n:ue and "F ' for false.

The First Cell Phone

The 6lst cell phone call took placer in 1973. A man named Martin Cooper made the first
call. He was working for the Motorola communications company. When Cooper placed the
call, he was walking down a street in NewYork. People stared at him and wondered about his
behavior. This was before cordless phones,rr so it looked very strange.
It took another ten years before Motorola had a phone to sell to the public. That phone
weighed about a pound (.45 kilogiam), and it was very expensive. Now, as you know, cell
phones are small enough to put in a pocket, and millions ofpeople around the world have them.

l. A customer for Motorola made the first cell phone call. T F

2. Many people looked at Cooper when he was talking on the phon€. T F
3. In the 1970s, cordless pho[es were very popular. T F
4. A few years after the first call, Motorola sold phones to fie public. T F
5. The fust cell phone was very small. T F

-l4.. Exercise 3I. Listening. (chod 2-6)

Listen to each conversauon. Then listen again and complete the sentmces with the words you hear.
@
*r,,',, At a checkout stand in a Srocery store
l A:Hi what vou nceded?
B: Almost everything. I for sticky rice, but I
lt

A: on aisle 10, in rhe Asian food section.

2. A: This is the express lane. Ten items only. It like you have more than
ten

B: I ten Oh,I
Sorry.
A: 'Ihe checkoul srand next to me is open.

3 A: any coupons you wanted to use?

B: I a couple in my purse, but I can\ find them now.
A: W■ lat they for? I might have some extras here.
B: One for eggs, and the other for ice cream.
A: I think I have those.

r@r. ,iza = Gorr hlpFn

"@idrB ,r,B = phon6 *ithout .ords to thc reircr

116 CHAPTER 2
日 Exercise 32. Looking ol glommor. (chq*s I -l ond 2-6)
Underline the present progressive and past progressive verbs in t}le following conversations.
Discuss the wav thev are used. What are the similarities between the two tenses?

L A: Where are Jan and Mark) Are fiey on lacarion?

B: Yes, they!qq4y9!!4g in Kenya for a few weeks.

2. A: I invited Jan and Mark to my birthday party, but dley didn't come.
B: Why not?
A: They were on vacation. They were traveling in Kelya.
3. A: What was I talking about when the phone interrupted me? I forget!
B: You were desc bing theveb site you found on the Internet yesterday.
4. A: I missed the beginning of the news repolt. !{rhat's the announcer talking about?
B: She's describing damage ftom the earthquake in Pakistan.
日 Exercise 33. Looking ol glommor. (chopter I ond chorts 2-l + 2-6)
Complete the sentences. Use the simple present, present progressive, simple past, or past
progressive form of the verbs in parentheses.

Right rowToshi ard Oscat (sir) are.i1t1tin0 in the library. Toshi (do)
l

his homavork,bu1 0scar(s″ み ″σ

→ ,HE
(starc) out the window. Toshi (urdr,

what Oscar (looA)

TosHI: Oscar, what (Jo(, /oo,t) at'

7

OscAr.t | (aatch) thc skatcboardcr Look at that

8

61y in the orange shit Hc(′・lrll)

in circles on his back $'heels. He's amazins!

TosHr: ft (6e) easier than it (1roA)

t0 ll
I can teach you some skateboarding basics ifyou'd like.
OscAR: Great! Thanks!

YesterdayToshi and Oscat (sil) were in the library. Toshi (do)

^itting
t2

l]
his homework, but Oscar (study, not) .He
(srarc) out the window. Toshi (&rarD
16
what Oscar (/oo&) at. Oscar (po,r, to rhe
17 l8
skateboarder. He GAy) that he was amazing. Toshi (djfer)
t9
to teach him some skateboarding basics.
20

Poslnme 4フ
」 Exercise 34. Worm-up. (chod 2-7)
Check (/) the sentences that have this meanrng:
First action: We gathered our bags.
Second acuon: The train arrived at the station.

L We garhered our bags before the train arrived at the station.

2. Before the tmin arrived at the station, we gsthered our bags.
3. After we gathered our bags, the train arrived at the station.
4_ As soon as the tlain arrived at the station, we gathered our bags.
5. we didn't gather oul bags until the tlain arived at the station.

limo clause AIW I linlsha<l my wo* = a time clauser

(a) Attet I linished ny wo*; ]i;n !; bed. , rer, to Dad = a main clause
Examples (a) and (b) have lhe same meaning.

tD Ti;nr6ra? 'aftet I linished ny wotk.

(1)com€ in lront of a main clause, as in (a).
(2)lollow a main clause, as in (b).

０ l wentto bed attea Ilinlshed my work. These words inlroduce time clalrsos:

０ aeforc I went to bed, I finlshed my work.

betoft I
０ I slay€d up untl I finished my work. untit L suori'ct ana raart - a time ctause
As s@n e,l
０ As soon as I linished my work, I w€nt lo b€d.

０ The phone rang whire i was watchingTv-

when I

０ When lhe phone nng, I was walching TV. ln (e): urrl = to ihal time and lhen no longer"
ln (l); as soon as: immedialely after

prrN.ruArroN: Put a comma al lho 6nd ol a time clause

when lhe time clause comes lrrst in a sentence (comes in
lront ol the main clause):
lime chusa + comma + nain clause
main clausq + no comfia + line clause

( i ) When lhe phone rrrg I answetecl it. ln a senlence with a time clause inlroduced by rr€r, bolh
' lhelime clause verb and lhe main velb can be simple
past. ln lhas cas6, the actton in the wfierFclause
happened lirst.
ln li): Fitsr The phae anq.
fhen] I answercd il.

(i) While I wrs doing my home{vork, my ln (i): When ttw aciions are in progl€ss at lho same lime,
roommate ras walcrling Tv, lhe pasl progressive can be used in bolh parts ol thg

rA .1a6, is . suu.tu. th.t hsr a subi.ct snd ! 6b.

rrunri, cu sl.o b. us.d to say th.t sn..hine <to.! NoT h.ppcn before l p{ticulai iio.: l .li.ln'l eo lo b..l undl I l',h.Il "! wk

a8 cHAmP 2
D Exelciso 35. Looking ql glommot
(Chort 2-7)
Check (/) all the clauses. Remember: a clause must have a subject and a cornplete verb.
l. _ epplying for a visa
2. while the woman was applying for a visa
3. _ the men took passport photos
-
4. when the man took passport phoros
5. as soon as he finished
-
6. _ he needed to finish
-
7. _ efter she sent her application
8. sending her application

D -
Exer€be 36, looking ot g]ommoL (chq 2-7)
Underline the clauses. Then decide what happened first (1) and what happened second (2).

[. a. After the taxi dropped me ofl,I remembered mv coat in the backseat.

b. I remembered my coat in the backseat after the taxi dropped me off.

2. a. Before I got outofthe taxi,I double-checked the address.

b. Before I double-checked the address, I got out of the taxi.

3. a. As soon es I tipped the driver, he helped me with my luggage.

b. As soon as tle driver helped me with my luggage, I tipped him.

」 Exercise 37.L● ●king o1 9暉 mrno■ (chOr1 2‐ 7)

Combine eech set of sentences into one sentence by usitrg a time clause. Discuss conect
putrctuation.

l. Frsr.' Igothome.
7h er. I ate dinner.

Ahar I Oot home- t ate d;nncr.

I atc dinner after I Oat hafie.

2. .FirJ, I unplugged the coffee pot.

fier. I left my apartment this moming.
Beforc

3. Frsr. I lived oD a farm.

frrer. I was seven years old.

じ niil

unril

Posl rime 49
 4. Frrsr: I heard the doorbell.
Tfr?nr I opened the door.

as soon as

It began to rain.
Then: I srood under my umbrella.

When

6. At rhe same tinle: I was lying in bed with the flu.

My friends were swimming at the beach.

Vhile
ヽ

while

-l Exercise 38. Looking (chorts 2-l ' 2-7)

sl gtommoL
Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or the past progressive form of the ve$s in
parentheses. Use brackets to identiry the time clauses.
1. My mom called me around 5:00. My husband came home a linle after that. [When he

(ger) ---0gL-home,l I Galk) wa5 talkin| to mv mom on the phone.

2. I (buy) a small gift before I (so) ro the hospital

lesterday to visir my friend.

3. Yesrerday afternoon I G,r) ro visit the l-opez famil,v. \fhen I (ger)

there, Mrs. Irpez (re) in the yard. She (rlar,

flowers. Mr. L.pez (bc) in the garage.

He (change) the oil on his car. The kids ( P/a])

in the front yard. In orher words, while Mr.l$Pez (change)

thc oil in the car, the kids (rrlo?r,)

a ball in the yard.

4. t (ho my thumb shile I (t'Jc) the hammcr,

ouch! That (Irr,

5. As soon as we (r€dr) about the hurricane, we (rdair)
to ger ready for the storm-

6. It was a long lvalk home. Mr. Chu (g.t) tired and G,)P)
after an hour. He (res, until he (r./)
strong enough to continue.

50 CHAPTER 2
 b∞ kd“ ‐ ∞ ヽ Fn鴨 嵐n ttd∞ s

f ttT総 熙 T:Ti∬ '‐ “ "lcte the scmm∝

T● ●11 23

Jcnl■ ■
Ferヽ Problem

Jennifer for an insurance company. When people help

l 2
witll their car insurance,dlev hcr Rght nOw itis 9:05Aヽ1,and Jennifer
3
ar her desk-

She to work on time this morning. Yesterday Jennifer late

5
10 WKllk beCausc shc a minor auto accident. !flhile she
8
to work, her cell phone Shc for lt
10
\xftile she for her phone,Jel■ nfer control of ic
11

car. Her car into a rc$ ofmailboxes beside the mad and
13
Fortunatelv no one was hurt u■ tl■ e accident

Jennifer It repalrs
17

Innitr very embarmssed now. She a bad decision,especially

18 19

since it is illegal to talk on a cell phone and drive ar the same time where she lives.

I Exercise rl{t. Worm-up. (chq 2-E)

Pa., L Think about your evperiences when you were a beginning leamer of English.
Check (/) the statements that are true for you.
ltlen I uas d beginning learner of English, . . .

l. I remained quiet when someone asked me a questio .

2. _ I checked my dictionary frequefltly.

3. I asked people to speak very, very slowly.
4. _ I tanslated sentences into my larguage a 1or.

Pdr, Il. Inok at the sentences you checked. Are these srarements no longer true? If the
answer is "yes," another way to express your idea is with zsed lo. V/hich of these sentence(s)
are true for you?

1. I used to remain quiet rvhen someone asked me a question.

2. I used to check my dictionary frequently.
3. I used to ask people to speak very, very slowly.
4. I used to translate senrences into my language a lor.

PosITine 51
 (a) I used to rive with my parsnts. Now I live in Used to expresses a pasl situation or habii lhal no longer
my own apa menl, exists al Presenl.

(b) Ann used to be alraid ol dogs, bLrl now she FoRM: ucedto + lhe simple lorn ol a veh
likes dogs.
Al used lo 3moke, but h€ doesn't anymors,

Did yor Be.l to live in PatiB? ouEsr oN FoFM: allat + subkct + $ed to
(oR Ord you use to ,ve in Pari6?) lo1 ctic! + subiect + use to)'

(e) I dialnt used to dtink collee al breaKasl, bul NEGcnvE FOFM| Clidn't uSAd tO
now I always have colles in lhe morning. loR cll.tn't use tol'
lo1 | clkln t use to dnnkcollee.) Didn't use(d) lo occo$ infrequenlly. More commonly,
I never usec! lo dtink colla€ al breaKast, but people use revsrto express a n€galive idea wilh used tq
now I always havs colf€6 in th€ morning. as in (f).

rBorh f(m3 (!rd ro .nd @ ,o) e pot:iblc i. qu6tio! sd Dcs.riG. FiSli.h lbsiursE .uthdi.i6 ilo nor .sG on etri.h is
pEfdblc- Thi! t@t us6 both fom3.

u Exercis€ 41. lookang ol glommqr. (cho 2-E)

Make sentences with a similar meaning by usi ng tsed ao. Some of the sentences are negative,
and some of ttrem are questions.

l. Wen I wa; a child,I tDas shy. Nou I'n not slry.

I usea to be shy, but now l'm not.

2. V4ten I was :nung' I thought ,hat people our 40 luere oA.

that people over 40 were old.

3. N@! yru l;rx in this city. Were did you lbe Worc vou corne herc?
'Where ?
-.-
4. D;d tou uotk lot the Phone compatry at some tine in the p&tt?

for the phonc company?

5 Wen I uas s'ounser, I sbqt thruugh the nighr. I neL,et twhe ug i11the middle oJ the night.

I in the middle of the night, but now I do.

rhrough the night, but now I don't.

6. lYhen I ttar a child, I Itokhed cattoo : onTU I ilon\ watch cartoons aOmora Nou I z"vkh

I cartoons onTV, but I don't anymore.

I news programs, but now I do-

Vhat
ヽ on TV when you were liftle?

52 CHAPIER 2
U Exercise 42. lnlerview: find someone who . . . . (chort 2-8)
\?alk around the classroom. Make a question with flsed ro for each item. 'When you find a
person who sal's 'Jres," write down his/her name and go on ro the nexr question. Share a few
ofyour answers with the class.
Find somnne uho uted n .. .

l. play in the mud. , Did you use tn plq in the mud?

2. play $.ith dolls or toy soldiers.
3. roller skate.
4. swing on a rope swing.
5, catch frogs or snakes.
6. get into trouble at school.
7. dress up in your mother's or father's €lothes.

□ Exelcise rfj. Lislening. (chod

2-E)
＾ Us€d ro is often pronounced "usra." Listen to the examples. Then complete the sentences
ど
with the non-reduced words you hear.
器
Exar4lzs; I used to (mrd) ride my bike to work, but now I rake the bus.
I didn't used to (6ra) be late when I rode my bike to work.
Did you use ro (!sra) ride your bike to work?
l. I ubed to ota:/ up past midnight, but now I often go to bed at 10:00 because I
ha\.e an 8:00 class.

２ 'What time
to bed when vou were a child?
 

３
Tom ternis after work every day, but now he doesn'r.
 

４
breakfast, but row I aiways have somcthing to eat in the
morning because I read that studenrs who eat brcakfast do betier in school.

5. I grammar, but now I do.

コ Exelcise 44. Check your knowledge. (chqrt 2-g)

Edit the sentences. Correct the erors in ve$ tense usage.
live
l. Alex used to lii+g in Cairo.

2. Junko used to worked for an investmem company.

3. Margo was used to reach English, but now she works at a publishing company.

4. Where you used ro live?

5. I didn't was used to get up early, but now I do.

6. Were you used to live ir Singapore?

7. My family used to going to the beach every weekend, but now we don,t.

PosIIme 53
J Exerclse 45. Lefs |€od ond wril6. (choprer 2)
Ibrr r. Read the passage about a famous author' Then read the statements. Citcle "T" for
true and "F" for false.

l. K. Rowling
Did you litow that J. K. Rowling used to be an English language teache! before she
became successfi es the author of the iIorr)' Porr?/ series? she taught English to students in
Portugal. She lived there from l99l to 1994. During that time, she also worked on her first
Hany Pottet book.
After she taught in Portugal, she vrent back to Scodand. By then she was a single mother
u.ith a young daughter. She didn't have much money, but she drdn't waflt to rerurn to teaching
until she completed her book. Rowling enioyed drinkrng cofree, so she did much of her writing
in a cafe while her daughter took naps. She wrote quickly, and when her daughter was three,
Rowling finished lirrry Poner and the Ph;losophet\ Stone.*
Many publishers were not interested in her book. She doesn't remember how many
rejection leners she got, maybe twelve. Finally a small Publishing company, Bloomsbury,
accepted h. Shofily efter its Publication, the book began to sell quickly, and Rowling soon
became famous. Now there are seven Iiar4,' Port?i books, and Rowling is one of the wealthiest
and most suc€essful women in the world.

t. Rowling Enished the first HdnJ,' Poa€r book in 1993. T F

2. Rowlirg did a lot ofw tingin a cafe. T F
3. At first, publishers loved her work T F
4. Soon after her book came out, mafly people bought it T F
5. Rowliog still works as a teacher. T F

Itr, Ir. Choose a *riter or a singer you are interested in. Find information about this person's
life. Make a list ofimportant or inter€sting events. Put the information into a paragraph Edit
your verbs carefully.

'In the Unncd Stzt6 s.t Indi., thi! Erl. was chansFd to t aa) Poid So@r\ stu'
'nd 'tr

54 cHAmP 2
J Exerciso I. Worm-up, (cho 3-l)
Which sentences express future meaning? Do the future sentences have the same meanrng or a
diferent meaning?
l. The train is going to leave a few minutes late today.
2. The lrein lefi e few minules late today.
3. The train will leave a few minutes late todav-

la) I am qoinE to leave al nin6 8e gorng to and wrl are used io

tomorrow moming.
(b) I w,]l ,eave al nine lomorrow Examples (a) and (b) have lhe same
morning. meaning.
Sometimes wil and be gorrg to
express dilferent meanings. The
diflercnces are dis.ussed in Charl3'5

０ Sam ,r in his olfic€ t /s morring- Toclay, tonlght, and this t

 
moming, attemoon, evenlng,
０ Ann wrs in her otlice t ris ,norrirg al eight, but nou she's at a
wee& elc, can express presenl,
me€ling.
Past. orJuture lime. as n
Bob /s gorng to be in his ollice lr,s morrlrg all6r his denlist (c)throush (e).
appointmonl,

NoarB: Th. u* of rral (with I or @) to e4cs tuiW iim. i3 p6!ibl. bu b ir&.q@t snd quir fm.]; fo. rypl.; ,rirrr?.a@
d Mrdnizg. l&.hall h d@DdtuMant

55
コ Exerck● 2.Hening.(chort 3 1)
４ 1■ sten to eaCh SCntcnce lfit cxprcsses Suture tlIIle,circlcッ ● lfit docs not,circle"ο
Ｃ
ｕ Eχα771メ レ:You wil hear: Tlle airport will bc busy
卍 You● Hchoosc c)no
At the airport
l. yes no 5. yes no
2. yes no 6. yes no
3. yes no 7. yes no
8. yes no

-l Exelciso 3. Wolm-up. (chort 3-2)

Complete these future sentences (6€ goiag to) with the correct form of b€ (+ ,lol) Make
truc statcments

1 1 going to sleep in* tomorrcw morning.

2. Our tcacher going to retire next month.

3 Wし going to have a class party next week.

4 昴 a ttudent nert to !0r: Yoi) going to speak English tomofrow.

Be golng l● mp e form Oithe verb

la) We arc gong to be la\e. `lo10wod by the●
aS in(a)and(b)
(b) She's 9o,rg lo come tomorrc)w.
tNcoRBECf: she's going to cones tott'totfow.
ヽ
ouESroN FoRM: b + sublect + golng to
枷︲ ｌ
ｔ

●●fng tO be ate,
た い﹂ ｔｐ ｌ
ｒ

“ 呵“
°
′

+ not t going to

乱 鋭 ￨"“ ・
be

、輩 I・ e ate

le) "Hurry upl We're gonra be laiel' 8e goiDg to is more common in speaking and inlormal
wriling than in formalwriting. ln informal speaking, it is
somstimes pronounced'gonna"/gana/. "Gonna' is not
usually a written form.

・ slcep latも 00t WakC up car● い the morning

`睦,,,‐

56 cHAPTER 3
I Exelcise 4. looking ol glommor. (chods 3l ond 3-2)
Complete the sertences with a form of 6e gorrr€' ,o and rle words in parentheses.

1. A: Vhat (yrr,.ro) ar6 :!au AainA ta do nexr?

B: I ( 2,i&) up a prescription at the pharmacy.

2. A: \ra,here (l/e.r, so)

B: He Grop) at the post office and run
some othcr errands.*

3. A: (rou, Jinish) the proiect soon?

B: Yes, (lnrl,) it by noon today.
4. A. V'}].,t (Dr- Ahmd(l, talh) about in her
lecture tonight?
B: She (d,rcrr, how to reduce health-care costs.

5. A: When (Jd",.d11) your sister?

B: I (cal, not) her. I Qaxr)
her.

I Exelcise 5. LBI'S lolk poinivotk. (cho s 3-r ond 3-2)

V/ork with a partner. Thke rums asking ard answering quesrions with be going to.

Exarzpla what \ you \ do \ after class?

.what
SpEA(rR A: are you going to do after class?
SpE \KER B: I'm going to get a bite to ear* after class.

Enarnple. you \ watch TV \ tonighr?

SPEAKER A: Are you going to watch TV todght?
SPEAKTR B: Yes, I'm going to warch TV tonight. oR No, I'm not going ro watch TV tonight.
I . where \ you \ go \ after your last class \ roday?
2. what time \ you \ wake up \ tomorrow?
3. what \ you \ have \ for breakfast \ tomorrow?
4. you \ be \ home \ this evening?
5. where \ you \ be \ next vear?
6. you \ become \ famous \ some day?
7. you \ take \ a rdp \ sometime next yea!?
8. you \ do \ something unusual \ in the near tuture?

rrln srrdd' = b pick up or deliver n)nerhins

so somcwhere
**ar! a 6,8 ro sdr = ger somethinA ro esr

future Time 57
-l Exerciss 6. tlstening. (chorts 3-l ond 3-2)
.I lhr, I. Listen to the pro;unciatioo of the reduced forms ofgorrr8r ,o in the conversation'
to
en apartruent
,.D'6 Looldng for
A: Ve're going to look for an apartment to rent this weekend.
B: Are you going to look in this area?
A: No, we're going to search in an area clos€r to our iobs.
B: [s the rent going to be cheaper in that area?
A: Yes, apsrtment rents are definitely going to be cheaper'
B: Are you going to need to pay a deposit?
A: I'm sule we're going to need to pay the first and last month's rent.
IhTr Ir. Listen to the conversation arrd \*rite the non-reduced form of the words you hear'

A, \//l:lere are Yau Oaina to mo\/e to?

I
B: We Iook for something outside Ihc city. ri(re

spend the weekend apartment-hunting.r

Ar Whar fees need to pay?

B: I rhink we need to pay the first and lasr montl's rent.

A: thcrc be other fees?

B: Therc
8
probably be an application fee and a

cleanhg fcc ´uso,the landlord pmbably

ll

credir check,*r so we need to pay for that.

J Exelcise 7. lefs lolkinteruiew. (choplers I ond 2; Chqrh 3-l ond 3-2)

Walk around the room. Ask and answ€r questions using u,ia, + do + the given time
expression. Share some of you: classmates' answers saith the class.

Eramrlsr this evening

SPEA(ER A: \Yy'hat are you going to do this evening?
SPEAKER B: I'm going to get on the Intemet for a while.

1. yesrerday 6. th€ day before yesterday

2. tomorro{, 7- the day afier tomorrow
3. right now S lasr week
4. every day 9. everY week
5. a week from now 10. this weekend

'a?atdenrh"nnns = lmljrE for a ap.d.!t

**runacddichdh=C.tinf.rmatioa.bouiapsoD'sfnlnci.lhis.orvilcludinsth'cmplo,€r'sn@e,on''sin'om'the
amount ofmon.y in th. ba*, and r hisrorv oflar. or unp.id bills

58 cHAmn 3
f Exercise 8. Lel's lolk poitl\rork. (Choprers I ond 2; Chorh 3-l ond 3-2)
Vork with a partrer. Complere rhe conveftation with your own words. Be creative! The
conveftation reviews rhe forms (statement, negarive, question, short answer) ofthe simple
present, simple pastJ and be goins to.

E:can?b:
SPTjAKER A: I rode a skateboard to school yesterday.
Sp[AxER B: Really? Wow! Do you de a skateboard to s€hool ofien?
SPEAK€R A: Yes, I do. I de a skareboard to s€hool almosr every day.
Did you de a skareboard to school yesterday?
SpE'A(ER B: No,I didn't. I came by helicopter.
SpE"A(rrR A: Are you going to come to school by helicopter tomorrow?
SPEAKER B: No,I'm rot. I'm going ro ride a motorrycle to school tomolrow.

A: I yesterday.

Really? Wow! you often?

A: YeS,I almosr every day.

Yesterday?

No, I
Ａ
 
Ｂ No, I

E Exercise 9. Worm-up. (choli 3-3)

Complete the sentenceswilJr ,.ti or uon't.
1. Ir raln tomorro、 ■

2. \i/e study Charr 3-3 next.

3. r tcach fie class ncxt \r'eek.

4. To your *achet Yol need to assign homework for tonight.

Future lim€ 59
 STATEMENT L You,She He,",We,Th"wlj′ COmetono子 rOW

NEGAT∨ E L YOu,She,He,1,We,They:竹 ′
′月o′ (wonl)COne tOmOrrow

Q∪ EST10N lyil I, you, she, he, it, we, they comelomorrow?

SHORT
ANSヽ VER 3) にに
WQ hw{瀞
「
CONTRハ CTtONS l ll she ll we ll l,yifl is usually contracted wiih pronouns in boih
you ll he" they,′ speech and rnlormalwriling
l ll

Bob + wiil = 'Bob i/" flI, is ofien conlracled wiih nouns in soeech, bul
lhe leacher + wil, = "lhe leacherTI' usually not in writing.
rPrcnouns rE No contractd with h.lping verh in shori .ns.B,
coRRrtT Yes,I oill.

f Eercise 10. lisloning. (chqd 3-3)

A kr, L Listen to the pronutrciation of contiactions with arrZl in these sentences.
@
cDr', l. I'[ be ready to leave soon.
2. You'U need to come.
3. He'll driv€ us.
4. She'll come later.
5. we'll ger there a little late.
6. They'll writ for us.
Itr, I,. Listen to the sentences and write rhe contractions you hear,
l. Don\ wait up for me tonight. /1/ be home late.
2. I paid dre bill this morning. get my check in the next day or two.

3. We have the better team. probably \{in the game.

4. Henry twisred his ankle while running down a hill. probably take a

break ftom running rhis week.

5. \Fe can go to the beach tomorroq but probably be too cold to go

swilnming.
＾
﹀ I invited some guests for dinner. probably get herc around seven.
 

一
′
Karen is doing volunteer work for a community health-care clinic this week.
be gone a lot in the evenings.

60 CHAPT[R3
U Exercise II. Listening, (chorr 3-3)
/l Parl I Listefl to the senrences. Norice the pronunciation of conrractions with rouns + .rrr7r.
tf,
cD' At the doctor.'s office
l. The docror'll be with you in a few minures.
2. Your appoinrmerlt'll take about an hour.
3. Your fever'll be gone in a few da)s.
4. Your stitches'll disappear over the next two week.
5. The nurse'll schedule your resr(.
6. The lab'll have the results next week.
7. The rcceptionist ar the ftont desk'll ser up* your next appoiDtment.
Par, IL Listen to the senrences and write the words you hear. Write the full form of the
cofltractions.
At the pharmacy
1. Your prescription willbe rcady in ten minutes.

2. The medicine you feel a littie tired.

3. The pharmacist your docto/s ofiice.

4. This cough s],rup your cough.

5. Two aspirin enough.

6. The genericll drug less

7. This information all● c sidc c6ects★ ☆☆ tt・ rd■ is mcdichc

tr Exercise 12. Worm-up. 3-4) (cho

How certain is the speaker in each sentence? \r{dre the percentage next to each sentence:
tooo/o, 9oo/o, or 50% .

What is going to hawn n gasoline prices2

1. Gas prices may tise.

2. Maybe gas prices will flse.
3. - Gas pdces will rise.
4. Gas pri€es will probably rise.
5. _ Gas price\ are going to rise.
-
6. Gas prices won't.ise.
-

-
*rgdb; = medicine wid no b.and n.me
n negative, rhat a psti€rt c.n hare ftom a medicine

Fuiure Time 6t
 (a)l Wllj● e in ctass tomorrOw ln (a)i The speak€r uses wil ot bgoing to
OR because he lsels sure aboul his fulure acliviiy.
Ian golng o● ein daSS 10norrow He is staling a lacl aboul the rulure.

90%sure lb) Po wi prcbably bei^ class lomorow. ln (b): The speaker uses prot 6ryto say lnat
he expecls Po lo be in class tomorroq bul he is
Po ls probably going to be in class nol 1000/" sur€. H6's almosl sure. bul not

\c) Anna prcbably won't De in class lomorrow Wod oder with proDtDry.*
(1) in a sialoment, as in (b):
Anna prcbably isn t going lo be in class helping verb - prcbably
(2) wilh a negative vetu, as in
Probebly - helping vetb

50%sure (d) Ali may come lo class iomorrow. lreyexpr6sses a luture possibility: maybe
som€thing will happen, and maybe ii won'l
Ala may rot corre lo class lomorrow. happ6n."
I don t know what h€'s going lo do. ln (d): Th€ spoak€r is saying that maybe Aliwill
coms lo class, or maybe he won l come to class.
The sp€ak€r is guessing.

le) llaybe Ali wi comelo class, and maybe tleyb + wlltb golng to gives ihe sam€
meaning as ,rry.
Examples (d) and (e) have lhe same meaning.
MaW Ali is going to come to class, and
lrayro com6s al lhe beginning oi a sentence.
maybehe isn't.

'Pro6r6, ir . midstcne adrcrb. Se Chrt l_3,p 10, for mc i,fmdon lbou $. pllem.!. of mid!'nr'nc dktrr.
iS.. Chst 7-3, p. Ia2, for moe infoiD.tion rbout -qy.

O Exercise 13. Uslening. (cho,t 3-4)

6 Listen to rh€ setrtences. Decide how certsin the speake! is in each ooe: 100%, 90%, or 50%.
d will hear: 'Ilre benk wiU be open tomoEow.
;:J,, E ande: You
You q.i[ wriie: _-IOOL

My day tomorrow
1

＾
∠
 
３
 
４

々
′
 
 
‘
υ

62 cHAPT[R3
」 Exercise 14.L● ●king●lgrommo“ (ch。 ■3‐ 4)
For each situation, predicr what probably will happefl and whar probably won't happen. Use
et:]rcr rrtii], ot be goinA ,o. Include Pro6ab6, in your prediction.

l. Antonio is late to class almost every day.

(be on time tomorrow? be late again?)
' Antonb pmbably uonl be on ime tomorrozt. He'll probably be latz again.

2. Rosa has a terriblecold. She feels miserable.

(go to work tomorrow? stay home and rest?)

). Sami didn\ sleep at all lasr nighr.

(go to bed early tonight? stay up all night again tonight?)

4. Gina loves to run, but right oow she has sore krees and a sore ankle.
(run in the marathon race this week? skip the race?)

J Exercise 15. tooking ot glqmmor. (chod 3-4)

Rewrite the sentences usi[g the words in parentheses.

L. I may be late. (mqtbe)

1/1avレ σ′ ″ レ↓θ
"″
2. Lisa may not get here. (fiafbe)

3. Maybe you will win th€ contest. (rrrar)

4. The plane may land e y. (ma!be)

5. Maybe Sergio won't pass the class. (ma),,)

J Exelcisa t6. Let's lolk: ilrferview. (chod 3-4)

'Walk around the room. Ask and answer questions. Ask two classmates each question.
Answer
the questions using u,r'rr, be go;nA ao, ot riqt. lnclnde probably or tnay6e as appropriate.
Share some ofyour classmates' answers with the class.

Exam?le: v4)at \nill you do after class tomorrow?

, I'A prcbabb) Co bach to n)) o?artmeflL oR I'm not turc. I may go to the bookstote.
l. Vtrat vrill fie weather be like tomorrow?
2. uttlere will you be tomorrow aftemooo?
3. What are you going to do on your nexr i?cation?
4. Who will be the most fsmous celebrity next year?
5. What will a phone look like ten years from now?
6. Think about forms ofcommunication (like email, social websires, phone, texting, etc.).
What do you rhink will be the most common form ren years from now?
7. !0hen do you rhink scienrists will discover a cure for cancer?

Future Tim6 63
 Exercise 17, Lislening. (chod 3-4)
コ Think about life years from now. What will it be like? Listen to each sentence, Do you
ｎ agrcc or disagree? Circlc Jrr or,la Discuss your answers.
IOO

ｃ
輌̈ Predictions about the future
l. yes ｎ。 6. yes ｎ。
2. yes ｎ。 7. yes ｎ。
3. yes ｎ。 8. yes ｎ。
4. yes ｎ。 9. yes ｎ。
5. yes ｎ。 10. yes ｍ

」 Exercise 18. Reoding, glommol, ond speoking. (chod 3-4)

Pzrr L Read the passage

Atr Old AParEnent

Ted and A]ny live in an old, run-down apartment and want to move The building is old
and has a lot ofproblems. The ceiling leaks when it rains. The faucets drip The toilet doesn\
always flush properly. The windows dont close tightlv, and heat escapes ftom dle rooms
in the
winrer. In the summer, it is very hot because there is no air conditioner'
Their apartrnent is in a dangerous part of town. Ted and Amy both tske the bus to work
and have to walk a long distance to the bus stoP. T'heir apartment building doesn\
have

laundry facilities, so tiey also have to walk to a laundromat to wash lheir clothes They are
planning to have child.en in the near future, so they want a park or Play area nearby for their
children. A safe neighborhood is verv important.

Por, rr. Ted and Amy arc thinking about their next apartment and are making a list
ofwhat
they want and don't want. ComPlete the sentences with .!i" or
'{'oz"'
Our ncxt apottErent
t. It wa,?', have leaky faucets.

2. The toilet flush properly.

64 CHAPTER 3
 t. tr have \rindows that close righrly.

4 ]￢ hcrc be air-conditioning for hot days.

5. Ir be in a dangerous pafi oftown

6. Ir be near a bus srop.

7. There be laundry facilities in the building.

8. We need to walk to a laundromat.

9. A play area be nearby.

Par, rrl lmagine you are moving to a new home. Decide rhe siy most important things you
want your home to have (h wi haae . . .). You can brainsrorm ideas in small groups and rhen
discuss your ideas with the class.

Ll Exorcise 19. Worm-up. (cho.i 3-s)

In which conversarion does Speaker B have a prior plan (a plan made b€lore the moment of
speaking)?

l. Ar Oh, are you leaving?

B: Yes. I'm going to pick up my children at school. They have dentist appoinunenrs.
2. A: Excuse me, Mrs. Jones. The nurse from your son's school is on rhe phone. He,s got a
fever and n€€ds to go home.
B: Okay. Please let them know I'11be there in 20 minutes.

She is going
ge going to and wlll mean the same wh6n lhey are
(a) lo succecd bocause she wolks
hard. used lo mak6 predictions about the lutur€,

(b) She ril, succeed because sh€ works hard. Examples (a) and (b) hav6 th€ sam6 m€aning.

(c) I boughf some wood because I am going to buitct Be going to lbrt wl l is used lo o(press a pior
a bookcas€ lor my aparlment. ^ot
plan (i.e., a plan mad6 belore th6 momeni ot
speaking).
ln (c): The speaker ptans to buitd a bookcase.
Thjs chair is loo heavy loryoLllo carry atone. Wi lbul not be golhg A is ussd to o(pr€ss a
decision th6 speaker makes al th6 momont of
speaking.
h (d): The speaker decid6s orvoluntesrs lo hetp at
ihe immgdrale pres6nt momont: h€ dd not have a pnor
plan or inlention to h6lp.

Future Timo 65
] Exelcise 20. looking ot grqm]flor. (cho.ts 3-l - 3-5)
Discuss the ialt rzed verb-(s) . Ii the speaker expressing plans made before the moment of
speaking (prio! plans)? lf so, circle i'es. If not, circle
"' PRIOR PT-{N?

1. A: Did you return Carmen's phone call?

B: No,I forgot. Thank for reminding me. Il.aahe. right awav yes

2. A: I'm going o catl Martha later this evening. Do you wlnt to talkto
her too? Yes no
B: No,I don't think so.
3. A: Jakob is io town for a few days
B: Really? Great! I?!r'o. him a call. Is he staying at his Aunt Ilra's? yes no

4. A: Alex is in town for a few days.

B: I know. He called me yesterdsy. $/e're Eoing a get together for dimer
after I get ofiwork tonight. Yes

5. A: I need some ftesh air. I'm goingfora short walk.

B: l?cozawithyou. Yes no

6. A'. I'm going ,o tahe Hamid to the airport tomorrow moming.

Do you want to come along? Yes no
B: Sure.
7. A: to Uncle Scott's over the break.
ll/r'e'rc going to go yes no
Are you intercsted in coming with us?
B: Gee,l dont know. I? rrtrnfr ebout it. Vhen do you need to know? yes

U Exercis€ 21. Looking qt grommoL (chotis 3-l ' 3-5)

Restate the sentences orally or in writing. Use be goina ao.

My trip toThailand
l. I'm planning to be away for three week.
2. My husband and I are planoing to stsy in small towns and camP on the beEch'
3. Ve're plaoning to bnng a tent.
4, We're plaming to celebrate our wedding anniversary there.
5. My father, who was born inThailand, is planring to,oin us, but he's planning to stay
in a hotel.

O Exerciso 22. tooking

-omplete the seot"nces
ol glommor. (chorts 3-l - 3-5)
to to expless a prior plan'
iittr bZ g"r"g ro o. -ill. use be going
l. A: Ate you going by the posi office today? I need to mail this letter'
B: Yeah,I 1l mail it for You.
A: Thenks.

66 CHAPIER 3
 2. A: Why sre you carrying that package?
B: It's for my sister. I'mOoinlto rneil it to her.
3. A: !0hy did you buy so many eggs?
B:I make a special desserr.

4. A: I have a book for Joe fiom Rachel. I'm llot going ro see him roday.
B: l,et me have it. I give it to him. He's in mv algebra class.

5. A: Did you apply for the iob you told me about?

B: No,I take a few moae classes ,nd get more experience.
6. A: Did you know that I found an apartment on 45th Srreer? ['m planniog to move soon.
B: Thaas a nice area. I help you move ifyou like.
A: Great! Id really appreciate thar.
7. A: Why can\ you come ro rhe party?
B: We be wuh my husband s farhily rhar weekend.

8. Ai I have to leave. I don't have time to finish the dishes.

B: No problem. I do them for you.

9- A: Do vou want to go to rle meeting togerher?

B: Sure. I meet you by the elevator in ten minutes.

J Exercise 23. tistening. (Chorr 3-r , 3-s)

Lisren to each quesrion and circle rhe expcglsd response (a. or b.).
-a
GI
.:3.i, l. ". Sur€, I'll do it.
b. Sure,I'm going to do ir.
2. a. Yes. I'll look at laptop compure$.
b. Yes. I'm goiDg to look at lsptop computers.
3. a. Yeah, but I'll
sell ir. I don't need ir now drat I live io the city.
b. Ye3h, but I'm going ro sell it. I donl need it now that I live in the city.
4. a. Uh,I'll ger your coat and we can go.
b. Uh, I'm going to get your coat and we can go.

O Cxercise 2{. Worm.up. (Chort 3-6)

Complete the sentences with your own words. What do you notice about the verb tenses and
the word6 in boldface?
1. Artei I lcave schoot today,I'm going ro

2. Before I comc to school tomomow,I lvill

3. IfI have rime dis weekend,I will

Future Time 67
 lme clau" ln (a)and (b): belote I go to chss tomoffowi. alrtve
●)“ わre′ goわ めSSわ mOf40″ rm 9dng o O“
breakfast

timo c ause

●)lm 9dng O ed breand beゎ /e′ go b c● - subject and veh = alifie clause
bttO′ 0″
“
“

lc) Belore I go home tomgft I'm going to slop al lhe The simple presonl is used in alulurelime clause.
Wll ar.d be gohrg lo arc Nor us€d in a luture time
(d) l'm going to eal dinneral6:00 tonight. ?4tlerl.rt
d,rner l'm going lo study in mY room. tNcoRREcr: Beloro I will 9o to class, I'n going to eal
(e) I'll give Rila your message when I see he. b.aekhst-
(l) tNcoRRECf: BeloQ I am gaing to go to class lomoftov
ll's raining righl now. As soan as the tatn stops.
fm going lo walk downlown, l'fi goit g to eat tueakfasl.
I'll stay home urlii rhe ra,, sloPs Allol th6 example sentences (c) lhrough (h) contain

″い″θソOυ re atscわ oO′ 10 rOrroッ be at WOrk luturc lame clauses.

`F‖
Maybe it will €in lomorou lf itrcins tomotrow ln (i)i /lit rairs lomorrowis an n_clause.
I'm going lo slay home.
:
ll + subiect and veb an l'-clarsa
When lhe m€aning is fulurc, lhe simple present (not
will or be gorng to) is used in an ,r-clause.

」 Ex● Icise 25.L● ●king d grommo“ (cho■ 3‐ 6)

Choose ule cOrrect vcrbs

l Beお rc r%″ :“
"κ
7ら ″
C亘)tO mv countrl nett yeaち rm gohgto ndSh"
graduate degree h computer scicnce

2 The boss will re宙 cw pur wOrk atershc w″ ″=“ ″ 酒 tOm vacation next wcck
",″ "″

3 1'1l givc pu a ca1l on tt cell phone as soon as my plane ω″ 滋Z″

"お

4 1 don't cspecial,like my current,ob,but l'm80ing to st∼ With this company untn I

銀 ,,177ル a sOmcthmg bettcr

5 WЪ cn you ,7に ακ h Australia next month,are yOu 80mg to go Snorkcling at the

Great Barner Rccf'

6. I [eed to l'.now what ome the meeting starts. Please be

sure to call me as soon as yon f do t'uill find out
arything ebout it.

7. lf it uonl be,isn't cold tomorrow, we'll go to thc bcach'

lf it i,wll be cold tomorrow, we'll go ro a movie'

68 CHAPT【 R3
tr Exercise 26. Looking ol glommor. (chorr 3-6)
use (he given verbs to complete the sentences. Use 6e goizg' to for the future.

I rn q2kA t42 rcaL the textbook before Lak6 rhe 6nal exam next month.

2. rerurn, call
Mr Le his wife as soon as he
to the hotel tonight.

Before I to my iob interview tomorrow,I

a list ofquestions I want to ask abour rhe compan]'.

We Sabrina to our favorire seafood restaulanr when she

us tlis weekend.

I my cell* on until I-ena

6. miss, undersnnd not

IFAdam the mceting, he the next project.

If Eva dinner at 6:30.

tr Exercise 27. lei's lolk poirwork, (chqd 3-6)

Work with a partner. Read each sentence and make a follow-up sentence using rl pay special
attention ro the verb in the ,JFclause. Share some of your partner,s answe$ with the class.
Exampb: Maybe yo.u'll go downtown tomorrow.
PARINER A: IfI go downtown tomorrow,I'm going to buy some new clothes.
PARTNER B: If I go downtown tomorrow, I'm going to look at laptop computers.

l. Maybe you'll have some ftee time romorow.

2. Maybe it'llmin tomorrow.
3. Maybe it won't rah tomollow.
4. Maybe the teacher will be absent nexr weck.

Time clauses beginnins wirh 2,., usually fo!!o! lhe m.in ctause,
Usual: I'm aoing b keep my cell on until llna .ath,
Po$ible but les us@l Unril a,,a .,&, I m soins ro keep my cell on

Future lime 69
 Change roles.
5. Maybe you'll be tired toDight.
6. Maybe you won't be tired toniSht.
7. Maybe it'll be nice tomorrow-
8. Maybe we won\ have class on Monday.

I Ererciso 28. Looking ol grommqL (chort 3-6)

Lrok at Sue's day planner. She has a busy morning. Make s€ntences usiog the word in
parentheses and the glven information. Use 6€ AoinA ,o for the futul€.

l. (after) go to the dentist \ pick up $oceries

pich
' AJter Sue coes to the dentit, she is going to P Sroceries.
2. (before) go to the dentist \ pick up groceries
3. Oefore) have lunch with Hiro \ pick up groceries
4. (aft€r) have lunch with Hito \ pick up groceries
5. (before) have lunch with Hiro \ take her father to his doctor's appoiotrnent

I Exerciso 29. R€oding, grommor, qnd w ling. (cho't 3-6)

Prt ,. Read the passage.

The Home oftle Future

What will the home ofthe tuture look like? lmagine life 50 yeers ftom now. What kiods of
homes will people have? Here are some intercsting possibilities.
The livinS room walls will have big plasma scleens. Instead of pictures on the wall, the
screens will show changing scenery. If walls have different scenes, PeoPle may not evefl want
many windows. As you know, fewer windows will make it easier to heat e house.
The house will heve special electronic features, and people will cofltrol them with a remote
control. For example, a person can lie in bed at night and lock atl the doo$ in his or her house
wirh one push ofa button. Before someone arrives home fiom work, the remote will turn on
the lights, preheat the oven, and even turn on favorite music. The bathroom faucets will have a
memory. They will remember the temperature a person likes, and when he or she lurns on the
water in the tub or shower, it will be at the correct tempemture. Maybe bedroom closets will
have racks that move automatically at the touch ofa button. \qhen *Ie weather is cold, the
.scks will deliver clothes that keep a Person wa!m, and on warm davs, the rscks will deliver
cloties that keep a Person cool.
Finelly, homes will be more energy-eficient. Most of the heat will probably come fiom
the sun. Ofcourse, solar heat urill be popular because it will be inexpensive.
Which ideas do you like? rwhich ones do you dink vou may see in vour lifeume?

70 CHAPIEF 3
 Pcrt ,l Complete the seniences wirh informarion from rhe passage. More than one ans\&er
may be possible.

l. W'hen people look at tie living room walls, they

2. When a person is coming home ftom work, tie remote

3. As soon as a person gets home,

4. Ifrhe barhroom faucers have a memory, they

5. Before a person goes to sleep,

6. When a person pushes a button, tle closet racks

7. When the weather is cold, tlte closet racks

8. Ifa home has solar heat, the cost of heating the home

Par, Irl Imagine you car build your dream house 50 years from now ft can be any rlpe of
house you want. Think about the sryle, size, kinds ofrooms, location, erc. lfrire a paragraph
about this honse. Begin with this topic sentencet My drcam house will haae , . , .

J Exercise 30. Looking ol grommoL (choprers r, 2 ond choft 3-l ,3-6)

Complete each sentence with a form ofde words in parentheses. Read carefully for rime
expressions.

1. Before Tim (go) aaeb to bed, he always (brxsr) ,ruehes his teeth.

2. BeforeTim (go) to bed larer tonight, he (crldrl)

his gi friend.

3. BeforeTim (8o) to bed last night, he (raie)

4. WhileTim (ta&e) a shower last nighrr the phone (fi8)

5. As soon as the phone (nflg) last night,Tim (rrunp)

out ofthe shower to answer ir.

6. As soon asTim (srr) up tomorrow morning, he (6/,rlr)

his teeth.

7. Tim always (Drasi) his teeth as soon as he (ger) up

:l Exercisa 3I. Worm-up. (chod 3-7)

Which sentences express futuJe time?
l. I'm cstching a train tonight.
2. I'm going ro rake rhe expre.s rain.
3. The trip will only rake an hour.

Fulure TIme 7I
 @) fam is going to come lo tho party lomo(ow. The presenl prog€ssivo can be used lo etpr€ss lulure
(b) Tlm is com,nglothe pariy tomorrow. time. Each pair ofexamplg sonl6nc6s has lhe same
meaning.
\c) We rc going to go to a movie tonighl.
(d) Wo?egoirg to a movi6 tonight. The present progressive desctibos clelinile plans lot
lhe futurc, plans that werc maato balo@ the fiomenl ol
le\ I m going to stay home this €v6ning.
\l) n I staying hom€ this svening.
Aluturc meaning br lhe presonl progtessivs is
lg't Ann is going to fiy lo Chicago nexl we€k. indicated either by lutur€ time words (e.9., lomonorv)
l Ann is ying to Chicago noxl week. or by lhe situation.'

vou rc going to laugh when you hsar lhis joke. The presenl progressive is Nor used lor prodiclions
tNcoRREcr: You rc laughing when you heat this about lhe luture.
ln (i): The speaker is predicling a luiure event.
ln U): The prcsenl progressive is not possiblei
laughing is a prediclion, nol a planned,uture svenl.
rCoMI{E: Prcsentsnurtioni LNh! Mo4)'t.odins. Do tot see hd?
Future sirultion: Aft tou tlanrins ta .om. h Ih. ?aftJ)? Mary't cmist Sa n At ,.

tr Exerciso 32. tooking ot grommoL (chort 3-7)

Complete the conversations with the correct form ofthe given verbs. Use the present
progressive ifpossibl€. Discuss whether the present progressive expresses present or furure
time.
l. A: \r/hat(J,o,do) are you dainO tomorrow afternoon?
Bt I (so) _34-aeag-- to rhe mall. How about you? \hzr (tDu, do)
tomorror4 afternoon?
A: I (so) ro a movie wirh Dan. After the movie, we ( 80)
out to dinner. \{ould you lik€ to meet us for dinner?
B: No, thanks. I can't. I (rIesr) my son for dinner.

2. A: Vhat (you' najor) in'

Bt | (najor) in enginecrlng

A: What courses ( yotl, rdle)

B: IoaA,j) English, math, and physi€s.

3. A: Stop, Paula! ! hat (yor, dr)

Ｂ I (cut) my hair, Mom.
 
Ａ Oh dcar!

72 CHAPIER 3
J Exercise 33. Lislening. (cho3-7)
Lister to the conversarion and write rhe words you hear.
dl
,':r'r. Goins on vacation
A:I on vacatlon tomorrovた
B: Where 0

A: To San Francisco.
B: How arc you getting there?

A:I I have to be at the airport by seven tomorrow morning.

B: Do you need a ridc to the airyorr?
A: No, thaflks. I a taxl

\Xrhat about you? Are you planning to go somewhere over vacarion?

BI No I

-l Exercise 34. [el's lolk pqi]work. (cho 3-7)

\Uork with a partner. Tell each orher your plans. Use r}le present progressive.
Exampb: 'W}],at arc your plans for rhis evening?
SPEAKIR A: I'm stayi[g home. How aboutyou?
SPEAKER B: I'm going to a coffee shop to work on my paper for a while. Then I'm meeting
:ome frieflds for a movic.
What arc lour plans . . .
1. for the rest of today? 3. for this coming weekend?
2- for tomorrow? 4- for nexr monih?

I Exercise 35. l,el's wrile. (chod 3-7)

Imagine you have a week's vacation. You can go anylvhere you want. Think of a place you
would like to visit. Vdte a paragraph in which you desc be your trip. Use the present
progressive where appropriate,

Exanple: I\,,|y friend Sara and I are taking a trip to Nashville, Tennessee. Nashville is the
home of country music, and Sara loves country music. She wants to go io lots ol shows.
I don't know an!,thing about counlry music, but l,m looking forward to going to Nashville.
Wele leaving Friday aflernoon as soon as Sara gets ofi work. (Etc.)
Possibb questions to dnswer in lour paragraph:
1. Where are you going?
2. When are you leaving?
3. Who are you going wirh, or are you traveting alone?
.1. How are you getting dlere?
5. Where are you staying?
6. Are you visiting anvone? Who?
7. How long are you sraying there?
8. When are you gerring back?

Fulure Time 73
J Exercise 36, Wolm-up. (chqd 3"8)
Circle all the possible compleuons.
1. Soccer season begins
a. today c. Yesterday

2. The mall opens

a. next Monday b. tomorrow c. today
-.
f . There is a party
week
a. last b. tonight
-.
4. The baby c es
a. cvery night b. tomorrow night c. in rhe evenings

(a) My plan€ ,n/ves al 7:35 tonorrow evening. The srmple presenl can express luture time when
(b) Tim's n€w job st rts nen week. evenls are on a definite schedule or timelable.
(c) The s€mester erds in two more weeks. Only a le$r verbs are used in the simpe present lo
(d) Th€r6 ,s a meeting at bn tomotow moning. express lulure lime. The mosl common are trtive,
l6ave, sterl, begin. enct,linbh, open, close, be.

le) NcoRREcr: I wear ny new suit to the wecding nen Mosi v€rbs cANNor be used ifl lhe simple prcsenl to
w66k. expressluture lime. For example, in (e): The verb
lr€rr does nol erpress an evenl on a schedule or
coAAEfi: I am wearing/am qaing to weat my new
iimetablo. ll cannol be used in lhe simpl€ pleseni lo
suil tolhe weddinq nexl week-

」 Exorcise 37. looking of grommol. (chods 3-7 ond 3-8)

Circle all the possible completions.
l. Th€ conceri ar eight tonight.
a. bcgins b. is beginning c. is going to begin
-
2. [ seafood pasta for dinner tonight.
e. make b. am maktng c. am going to make
-
l. I to school tomorow morning. I need the exercise.
a. wslk b. am walking c. am going to walk
-
4. The bus at 8:15 tomorrow morninS.
a. leaves b. is leaving c is going to leave

5. I the championship game onTV at Jonah's house tomorrow.

c. am EoiDg to watch
6. The game at l:00 tomorrow afternoon.
a. siarts b. is starting c. is going to start
-

74 CHAPIER 3
 7 Alexa'splane at l0:14 tomoffow morni[9.
a. affrves b. is arriving c. is going to arrive

8. I can't pick her up tomorrow, so she _ th€ airporr bus ioro rhe ciry.
a. takes b. is taking c. is going to take
9. Jonas to several companies. He hopes to ger a full-time job soon.
a. applies b. is applying c. is going ro apply
10. School next Wednesday. I'm excired for vacation to begin.
a. ends b. is ending c. is going to end

D Exercise 38. Wqrm-up. (chorr 3-9)

Choose the picturc that bcst describes this senrcnce: Joanne is about to lcav€ for work.

Picrurc B

(a) Ann's bags are packed, and she is wearing her fhe idiom ba ebout ?o ato sonrct rrg expresses an
coat- She is aDout to /eayelor lhe airport. aclivily that will happen i', lh6 inmedhte luturc,
(b) Shhh. Tho movie is abour to b.g,r. usually wilhin minut6s or seconds.
ln (a): Ann is going lo lsavs sometime in the nexl l6w
minules,
In (b): Ths movie is going to sta in lhe next law

fuluro Tame 75
□ lxercise 39.Let's lolk.(Chort 3-9)
Dcscribe thc action that is about to happcn in cach picturc Usc bθ α6o“ ヽ ork in Pairs,
in smali groups,or as a class
`ro “

J J J

」 劃

76 CHAPIER 3
tr Exer€ise rO. Gomo. (Chqrt 3-9)
Think ofan action to perform. Don\ rell what it is. Get ready to do i!, bu! just before you
perform the action, ask the class to describe whar you are about to do. Perform with a parmer
ifyou wish. Use your own ideas or suggestions ftom the lisr.
Erarnpl?: (Students A and B hold out their hands to each orher.)
Possible guess: They are about ro shake hands.

Suggetabns:
stand up sncczc pick up a pen erase a word
opetr the dool Fall down close your book look up a word
close the window cry write oo the board get out your wallet

」 Exelciso 4I. Worm-up. (Chort 3-lo)

Circle all the possible completions ior each senrence.
1 Fifteen years from no% my wife and I will retire and _ all over rhe world.
a. will trevel d. going to tavel
b. travel e. are tmveling
c. traveling f. tmveled
2. I opened the door and my ftiend to come in.
a 、
vin invitc d. am going to invite
b invite e. am inviting
c lnviting f. invited

Ya,d
Ｖ
Ollen a subject has two v€Ibs thal a€ connecied by
Jimrr
碗
(a) has bed E a arrd. We say lhal lhe lwo v6rbs ar€ palallel:
6/€ry moming.
,nakes ard c/ears = parallol verbs
lb) Anila called antl rold me about her new job

(c) Ann is cooklrgdinnet and lis) talkingonlhe It is not necessary to repeat a helping verb (an
phon6 al the sam6 time. auxiliary verb) when two velbs are the same lense and
ld) I will stayhome and \w//) studylonight. are connected by ard.
\e) | an golng to stay home anc! \an going ta) study
lonighl.

ロ Exerciso 42. Looking ol grommot (chod3-to)

Complete each sentence wirh the correct form ofthe verbs in parentheses.
l. When I (!rd[t) _.yj)\sA i,r:.o t}Je living rcom yesteday, crandpa (/ead)
a newspaper and (&!rez) lo music

2. Helen will graduate soon. She (noue) to NewYork and (loo&)

for a iob after she (grddzd.d)

Future Time 77
 3. Every dey my neighbor (cdll ) me on the phone and (l:or,rldi )
.bout the weather.

4. Look ar Erin. She (.r!) and (laugh) at the

same dme! I wonder ifshe is happy or sad?

5. l'm beat.i I canl wait to get home. After I (ger) home, I (rdle)

a hot bath and (go) to bed.

6. While Pad (.arl, brushes and paint and (cl)rD)

a ladder, a bee (lald) on his

arm and G,rrg) him. Paul (drop) the paint and

(,lll) it all ovcr the grcund.

J Exercise /13. tooking ol glommoL (choptsrs , 3) I

Complete each sentence with the correct form ofthe words in parentheses.

1. I usually (niCe) - nzlL my bike to work in the morning, but it (,'dtr)

when I left my house early this morning, so I (raAe)

the bus. After I (8e, to work,I (rrd)

outa* that I had left my briefcase on the bus.

2. A: Arc you going to take the kids to the amus€dent park tomodow morninS?
B: Yes. It (oren) at 10:00. Ifwe (Iearr€) here at 9:30,
we'll get there at 9:55. The kids can be the first ones in the park.

3. A: Ouchl I (c!, my finger. It (b1e€d)

B: Put pressure on it. I ( 8?r) some antibiotics and a bandage.

A: Thank.
4. A: Your phone (nra)
B: I (knou)
me to get ir?

B: No.
A: \vhy don't you want to answer your phone?

B, | (dnsuer, not) during dinner.

ir,6.d = b. v.ry, v.tv tiEd; b. .xh.usted

:rrd od = dncoEj L.rn

78 cHAmR 3
 5. A: Irok! There (6r) a police car behind us. Its lights (larr,)

B. | (kt,1xtt | (hnou) I (see)

A: Vtrar (so)
B: No,I'm nor. I (drrzc) the speed limit
A: Oh,look. The police car (pd$) us
B: Whew!

J Exercise 44. tistening. (chopre6 ,3) I

, Parr r. Complete rhe sentences x'i*r rhe words you hear.
CC
.o, At a Chinese restaurant
A: Okay,let's all open our fortune cookies.
B: What

A: Mine says, "You an unexpected gift." Great! Are you

planning to give me a gift soon?

B: Not that I know of. Mine says, "Your life long and happy."

Good I a long life.

C: Mine sals, "A smile all communication problems." $/ell,

that's goodl After this, when I
,ust at them.

D: My fortune is this: "If you hard, you successful."

A: rFell, it like an of us good luck in the furure!

ftrr, II. Work in small groups. Togerher, write a fortune for each person in your group.

-l Cxercise 45, Check youl knowledge. (Choptors I ,3)

Edit the paragraph. Correcr errors in verb rense usage.

My Cousin Pablo
ib
I want to tell you about Pablo. He my cousin. He comes here four years ago. Before he
^
came herer he study sratisrics in Chile. He leaves Chile and move herc. He weot to Newyork

and stay there for three years. He gradueted ftom Newyork University. Now he study ar this

school. After he 6nish his masrer's degree, he retum to Chile.

Fulure Iime 79
I Exercise 45. Lol's wlile. (chopler 3)
Pretend that you have the ability to see into the future. Choose a pe$on you know (classmate,
reacher, family member, friend) and tell this person in writing about his,her future life Give
some interesting or unDsual details.

Exanpb:

My Sonl Fuiure
My son is'15 years old now. ln lhe fulure, he will have a happy and successlullile'
Atter he tinishes high school, he will go to college. He reaily loves to study math He
also loves to build bridges oul ol toothpicks. He will sludy engineering, and he will
specialaze in bridge building. He likes to travel, so he will gel a job with an international
company and build bridges around the wo d. He will also work in poor viilages' and his
bridges willconnect rumlareas- This will make people's lives bettet I will be very proud
ot him.

80 CHAPTER 3
J Exolcise I. Wotm-up. (chon 4-l)
Do you know the past participle form of these verbs? Complere the chart. What is rhe
difrerence between the past participle forms iD items l-4 and 5-8?

Sirnple Simple Past

Form Past Part■ ciple

1 stay srayed
`物
ヾθa

2. work ,γ οlka″

3. help helped
4 宙sit visited

5 go
6 begh began レε´υll

7 wHtc ―

8 sec

Sirnple Simple Past The pa3l parllclplo is one ollhe principatparts oi a

Forrn Past Participle velb. (See Cha( 2-3, p.31.)
ＲＥ ¨ Ｒ f nish f nishod i nished The pasl particiole is used in the pREsENr pEFFEcr
ＶＥ 応
stOp s10pped stOpped lense and lhe PAsr PEaFECriense.r
wat waned waited The pasi parliciple oI regular verbs is the same as
the simpl€ pasl lorm: bolh end in -€d
IRREGULAR see saw seen
VERBS make made made S66 Chad 2-4, p 32, orth6 inside t.ont and back
PUI pul put covers lor a lisi ol irregular verbs.

*Th. p.n pdicipl. ir .ts us.d io rh. p.ssirc. Sc Chaprd ro.

81
 Exer● ise 2.uslening.(choFIS 2‐ 3,2-4,clnd 4 1)
□
ｎ
Ｏ
Write thc words vOu hear

臓 α,“ル :You wtt heari go wcnt 80nc

釧̈ You will w■ te: 8o went 4

Sirnple Sirnple Past Simple Simple Past

Form Past Participle Fo― Past Participle

l. 6 come
call called ｃ
ａｍｅ
2. 7 cat
speak spoke “
Ldo did 8 cut
Ш
9 read 面
5. meet met 10 bc

コ Exercise 3.L● ●king ot grommo“ (chons 2‐ 3,2‐ 4,ond 4 1)

ヽlake your o、 vn chart "″ rite thc past participles

Sirnple Sirnple Past Simple Simple Past

Forrn Past Pa轟 Cl,e Form Past Participle

l Fmish 6nished ■41多 あθ′ ６

hear hcard
 
 

2 havc had
７
study studied
 
 

3 価 k thought
８
die died

4 tcach taught 9. buy bought

5 11■ c lived 10. start started

D Exercis€ 4. Wolm-uP. (chotl4-2)

Decide which sentence (a. or b.) is colrect for each situation'

l. It's lo:oo A.M. Ilyla has been at the bus stop since 9:50
a. She is still there.
b. The bus Picked her uP.

2. Toshi has lived in the same apartment for 30 years.

a. After 30 yearc, he moved somewhere else.
b. He still lives there.

82 CHAP'ER 4
 lat I ve been in class since ten a clock The prcsonl p€r,eci iense is used in
senren€es wiih slrc€ and ,o. ro erpress

lb) Wo have known Aen bt ten yearc. stualionsthal b€gan rn tho pasi and
W6 md him t6n y€ars ago. Ws slitt conlinue io ihe presenl.
know him loday. Ws ars liands. ln (a): Class sraried ai ren. I am stilr in
class now, atth6 momeni ol sp€aking.
NcoqaEcr: t an in class sinceton oclock

I ?oR$: Mv./haa + past padicipte

comBrcrED FoFMs: lw,You'te, Hes,

be€, h€rs lor on6 hour She s, lt s, We ve, They've-

Since

Srnc6 is lollowed by the meniion ol a

specilicpointintne: an hour, a day, a
(d) lhaveb€e, here slnce 20Og
Srnc? expresses the idea lhai somelhing
b€gan ai a specirictime in the past and
conlinues lo the presenr.

have liv.d here since May., Notic6 th€ incorreci s€nlenc€s:

nave leen hs.€ since May
ln (0: The p,ss€ni progressiv€ is Nor
I am tiving here sincd May.

ln (g)i The simple prcsenl is Nor us6d.

I lived herc since May.
t was hete sinca May. ln (h) and (i): The simple past is Nor

grca may also introducs a lim6 claus€

(prssent pe#ct) (dmpl€ pasl) (i.e., a slbiecl and veft may iollo,v srrc.)
Nolice in th€ examples: Th€ prss€nt
Al hEs mlmany peopts p€dsct is used an the main clauss:th€
simplo pasi is used in the shce{taus€.

For is lollowed by the meniion ot a length

oI t/mer tuo minutes, thres houls, iour
days. live we€ks. eic.)
tor about thr€6 woetG.
ior almosl six monhs.

'Also@ftd:1i@deu dDirrra jtE Ma]. S.c Chd i!6 for! dimsio! otth. p6. p.rf.dproeBiE.

Presenl Perfecl ond Post p€rtoct 83

J Exelcise 5. tooking ol glommoL (chort 4-2)
Complete tie sentences with sthce or/o/.

Amy har been here . . . Ms. Ellk has tw*ed as o subsriu@ uacler ' . .

1. for two months. 11 school began.

2. ----airce-September. 12 last year.

3 yesterday. 13 2008
4 the term started. t4. about a year.

5 a couple ofhours. 15. September.

6 fifteen minutes. 16. a long time,

The Smith hat:e bemmarried. .. I'w kno ) about So io's engagement . . .

7 17. almost four mondN.

8 last May. 18 the beginning of the year.

9 five days. 19 rhe tust ofJanuary.

10 a long trme. 20 YesterdaY.

-

EI Exerclse 6.L● ●king ol gromm● L(cho"4‐ 2)

Complctc the scntcnces wi饉 ±6o,“ `at10n about yottel■

地 唸 幽 型 血 に
一
___:
■ rvc been h J」 s buidulg… … … … …
劣 ?背 篭 士
{1lCe_ず

2い e面 hdヽ S… … … …
1『 三 三 三 正 三 :

nh価 蒟 … …
∝=I正
…Ⅲ
∝ ・ {‡

4 hehadtt DⅢ
“
__{#∝
,rT had面 s book… …………{Fe

■l― iden● 6て ation

・ ′

34 CHAPTER 4
-l Exelcis€ 7. Iooking ql glommor. (chori 4-2)
Complete each senteflce with the present perfect form of the given verb.

Since l995,Theresa,a talh-shout hoy,. . .

1. work hao worked for aTV station in lrndon.

2. interview hufldreds of guests.

3. meet many famous people.

4. find out about their lives.

5. m.ke friends with celebrities.

6. became a celebrity herself.

7. sign lots of autographs.

8. sheke hEnds with thousaflds of people.

9. write two books about how to interview people.

f0. think a lot about the best ways to help people feel
cornfortable on her show.

tr Exercise 8. lofs l,olk. (cho 4-2)

Your teacher will ask a question. Two students will answer. Speaker A will answer with
srhce. Speaker B will use Speaker A's information and answer with /or. Only the teacher's
book is opcn.
Exanpb:
To SpEAxlR A: How long have you been in this room?
A: I've been in this room since (f0:00).
SpEAxrR
To SpEAxtR B: How long hss (Srderrr,4) been in this room?
SpEA(rR B: ShelHe has bee[ in this room for (15 minutes).

l. Ho$ long have you loo*'n me?

2. How long have you been up* today?
3. rl0here do you live? How long have you lived there?
4. Who has a cell phone? How long have you had your phone?
5. Who has a bike? How long have you had it?
6. How long have you been in fiis building today?
7. rwho is wearing something rlew? What is new? How long have you had it/them?
8. Who is malried? How long have you beer married?

'6r,, = b. .w.t andout.fb.d

Pres€nt Podocl ond Post Pedoct 85

-l Exercise 9. looking qt g]gmmoL (chort /t-2)
Complete the sentences with rhe correct form of the veords in parentheses Put brackets
.roDnd the srnce-clauses.

l. I (kn!xo) havc known Mark Miller [ever sincei we (De) ----ud2rL in college.]

2. Pedro (chansc) his major three times since hc G.a/r)

school.

3. Ever since I (re) a child, I (De) afraid of snakes.

4. I cen't wait to get home to my own bed. I (sleep,not) well since

t (ba"e) home three days ago-

5. Ever since Pete (rrder) Nicole, he Oft,rA, rod

about an,.th,ng or anyone else. He s in love.

6. Otro (id?e) a lot ofproblems with his car ever since he (bry)
it. k's a lemon."
7. A: What ()or, ear) since you ( j,er)
up this moming?

B: So far,l (edr) a banana and some yogrrt.*tt

J Exercise 10. Worm-up: poimrolk. (chort,l-3)

Work with a partner. Partner A makes a true statement with a phrase liom the list and then
changes ir ro a quesoon. Parrner B give( a true answer.

climbed a iree heard bedtime stories ridden a tricycle

flown a kite played in the dirt slept with a stuffed animal

PATTNTER A: Since my childhood, I haven't

Since your childhood, have you

PAI{TN]IR B: Yes, I have. oR No. I haven\.

'Eu n@ hd rn. sd. mcuilg rs te.

"d ,zM = a d wirh r lot of prcblds
rfiso/,r + pcot psfd.ipc!* situtioG rbtt b.st in th. p.!t 6d continuc b thc p@t'

06 cHAmR 4
lat I hev. nol lhayen't) seenTom since lunch. NECATVE: hryer'rrrs + ,o, + past panbiple
(b) Ann l,,3 ,or (r,rsn't) eate, ior s€veIat NEGATTVE CONTRACTTONS| heya+ not: h'Ven',t
hours. hea + not : hasn',

lc) Have you seen loh? ouEsroN: lrayelhrs r suty'ect + past participle
ldl Hds Ann eaten?

la) How long have you lived he??

(l) - Have you ever met a lamous person? ln (l): el,. = in your lifetime;lrom the lime you w€re born io
No, l've ,eyermet a lamous person, tho prosenl momenl. Ouestions with er€rlrequently us€ the
- pres€nl p6 6cl.
Whsn answering queslions with eyer, sp€akers often use
nayat ,Vayoris lrequently used with the present perl6cl.
ln th6 answ€r to (f), lhe speaker is saying: 'No, I have6't met
a lamous person ,rom the lime I $/as born to the present

Shori A[swer
Hev€ you s€€n Tom? sHoRr ANSWER: heyalhaven't ot has,,,asn't
(9)
- lhave. oa No, lhaven't-
- Yes,
NoTE: The helping verb in the short answer is nol contraclod
Has Ann eaten lunch?
(h)
- Y6s, she hes- oe No she hasn't. tNcoRFECf: Yes, lve, oF yes, he's
-

ロ Exerciso I l. Looking ol grommor. (chorr 4-3)

Complete the conversations. Use rhe presenr perfecr form of the verbs in parenrheses.

l. Ai ( jou, eat, ew) Have:/au ever eatan an insect?

Bi No,l haven't .l(ear, exer) have never eaten antrsect.

2, A: (you, stry,ezn) in a room on the top

floor ofa hotel?
B: Yes,I I Cral) in a room on the
top floor of a hotel a fe$ times.

a movie star?
B: No,I | (mee\ el)er) a movie star.

(Ted, ruoel, etet)

B: He (tdtel) to several
countries on business.

Pres€nl Pedecl ond Posl Perleci 87

 5. A: (レ イ,名 ωの in Mexlco'

B: No, she She (be, nelvr)

Sparish-speakjng countries.

コ Exercise 12. listening. (chorts 2-3, 2-4, qnd 4-3)

′ Listen to each sentence and then the beginning ofa question Complete the question with the
０ past participle of the verb you heard in the 6rst sentence. Have you ever done these thiogs?
¨
¨
Circle yer oMo.

E atn ler You will hear: I saw a two-headed fiog once. Have you ever . . . ?
You will write: Have you ever a two-headed ftog? yes @
-9cctL
Have you ever a two-heeded snake?
い
１

２
Have you ever in a smsll plane? い
Have you ever in a limousine?
い
３

４
Have you ever い
a shirt?
Have you ever ｙ
ｅｓ
５

Have you ever a scary experienc€ on an aiaplane?

い
６

Have you ever out of a boat? い

７

so embarrassed that your face got hot?

Have you ever ｅ
ｙｓ
８

9. Have you ever to a famous Person? い

10. Have you ever ro be femous?
い

」 Exercise 13. lefs tolk: inlervieuv. (cho.ts 2-il ond il-3)

lnterview your classmates. Meke questions using the Present perfect form ofthe given verbs.
l you \ ever \ cut \ your own hair
2. you \ ever \ catch \ a big fish
3. you \ ever \ take care of \ an injured animal
4. you \ ever \ Iose \ something very imPortsnt
5. you \ ever\sit\on abee
6. you \ ever \ fly \ in a private plane
?. you \ eve! \ break \ yout arm or your leg
8. you \ ever \ 6od \ somethiog very luable
9. you\ ever\ swim \ near a shark
10. you \eve!\ throw\ a ball\and \brcek\ a window

88 CHAPTER 1
f Exercise 14. Lel's lqlk ond wfte: inielvie* (chorts 2-3,2-,1, it-2, ond il-3)
ftrr r. Work widr a partDer. Take tums asking and answering questions. Begin your quesdons
wir\ Hoe lang haa* to! and the present perfect. Answer questions widl since, to\ or
,aeoer aod tle Present perfect.
Exarfiple: ha\e a pet
PAR'INER A: How long heve you had a pet?
PAR]NER B: l'vehzd (a cat,adog,a bri4 er..) for two yeers. oR
I'vehad, (a car, a dog, a 6rd, arc.) since my lSth birthdsy. oR
I've never had a pe!.

l. lirefi area)
(rhis 6. wear glasses / contact lenses
2. study English 7. have a roommate /a pet
3. be in this class /at rhis school 8. be interested in pafii.ulat
(a subject)
4. have long hair / short hair 9. bc married
5. have a beard / a mustache

Pcrt IL
Use the information ftom youl interview to write a paragraph about your partner. You
can add some infomation ro make it more interesting. Use rhe following paragraph as en
example. Notice the present perfect phrases in green.
Exarn le:
Elll.
ld like to tell you a little about Ellie. She has lived in Vancouler, Camda, for six
monlhs. She has studied English for five years. She has been at this school since
September. She likes n here.
She has short hair She has worn shorl hair for a few years. Of course, she
doesn't have a mustachel She has never worn glasses, except sunglasses-
Ellie doesn't have a roommate, but she has a p6t bird. She has had her bird lor
one month. lts name is Howie, and he likes to sing.
She is interosted in biology. She has been inierosted in biology since she was a
child. She has never been married. She wanls to be a doctor. She wants to become a
doctor betore she has a tamily.

f Exercise 15, Worm-up. (chort 4-4)

Circle the correct completion (e. or b.) for each sentence.
l. Tyler has rented a house _.
a. last week. b. already.

2. I have seen it _.
a. rec€ndy. b. two days ago.
3. His parenrs haven\ se€n it _.
a. yesterday. b. yet.
4. I have been there _.
a. two times. b. yesterday.

Presenl Pefect ond Posl Pedaci 89

 Toshi hos okeody eoten unch Evo hosn'ieoten lunch yei

(a) Toshi hasiust ealen lunch. The pFEsENl pEFFEcr expresses an activily or
situaiion that occurred (or did not occur) before
lb) Jim has recently changed
jobs. nov at some unspecilied or unknown time in

Common lime wods that express this idea are

just, rccenu akeady, yet, ever, never.
ln (a): Toshi's lunch occurred be,ore the
presentllme. The exactljme is not mentionedi
it s unimportanl or unknown.
P€le has eate, al that An aclivily may be repealed two, several, or
reslaurant many times. morc li.neE beforc now, al unspecfied tines in
I have ealenlhete twice- lhe past as in (c)and (d).

(e)Peteヵ as alread/わ r1 0R ln (e): Arready is used in affnmalive

Pote力 as le″ a17ead/ starernenls. ll can come ailer the helping verb
or at the end ol lhe senlence.
ldeaol aEeady: Somelhing happened before
now, before lhis tirne.

(f)M n llasη iた ″yer ln (i): vel is used in negalive slatemenls and

comes al the end ol the s€nlence,
ldea of yet Somelhing did not happen belore
now (up lo lhis lime), but il may happen in lhe

(9)′ イar you afread/た ″? ln (g): Bolh yetand arre,adycan be used in

Ha′ o you′ ο″alread/?
Har youわ ″/e,2

90 CHAPIER4
.] Exercise 16. Looking ot grommor. (chort 4-4)
Ctcle all the possible answers for each question. lvork in small $oups and then discuss your
answe$ as a class,

SrrrJATroN l:
Sara is at home.At 12:00 PM., the phone rang. [t was Sara's ftiend ftom high school.
They had a long conversatron, and Sara hung up the phone at 12:59. It is now l:00.
W'hich s€ntences describe the situation?

a. Sara has )ust hring up the phone.

b. She has hung up the phone already.
c. The phone has just rung.
d. Sara hasn\ finished her conversation yet.
e. Sara has been on the phone since 12:00 PM.
SrIuAnoN 2:
Mr. Peters is in bed. He became sick with the flu eighr days ago. Mr. Peters isnl sick very
often. The lssr time he had the flu was one year a8o. \vy'hich s€ntences descnbe the situation?
a. Mr. Peters has been sick for a year.
b. He hasn't gotten well yet.
c. He has iust goften sick.
d. He has already had the flu.
e. He hasn't had the flu before.

SrruA'r'roN 3:
Rob is et work. His boss, Rosa, needs a report. She sees Rob working on it at his desk.
She's in a hurry, and she's asking Rob questions. $0hat questions is she Soing to ask him?

a. Have you finished?

b. Have you finished yet?
c. Have you inished already?

I Exercise I r.
listening. (chorti 2-4 ond 4-4)
n Richard and lrri
are new parents. Their baby was born a week ago. Listen to each seltence
td and complete the queslion wirh (he past participle of the verb you hear.
'""' " 1. H.s Richerd the baby a lot yet?
---tzlL
2 Has Lori the baby a bath yet?

3 Has Rlchald a diaper ,vet?

.1. Has Lori some pictures ofthe baby yet?

5 Has Rlchard up when thc baby cries yet?

6 Has LOri some of the household chores yet?

7 Has Rlchard tired during the day ),et?

Presenl P6d€cl ond Po3l Pedecl 9l

」 Exercise I8. looking ql glsmmor. (chort 4-4)
Irok et Andy's day planner. Write answe$ to rhe questions. Make complete sentences with

denOSt appointment

ptd, rp ttd";;;

It is ll:55 A.M. right now.

L Has Andy had his dentist appointment !'et? fet. he ha. had hie d,nliel

…
2 HasAnd■ picked up bls klds at schtxll yet,

3. Has Aody taken his car for an oil change already?

,t. Has Andy finished his errands yet?

5. Has Andy shopped for groceries aheady?

6. Has Andy had lunch with Michael yet?

コ Exercise 1 9.ustening.(chOrls 4 2 ,44)

″｀ BOthお and JIcs can bc contractcd toも Listcn to each scntcncc Dccldc lf ulc contracted
C vcib is ls Orあ asBcfore yOu bcgh,you may、 vant to chcck your undcrstanding Of mesc
ili,words θ″ 留θ滋 ニ
`ら
Exazplesr You will hear: a“ 疇。
rdCrs.血 g tOoお ng
You will choose: daVelζ
You will hear: l have tQleave My order's takcn too long
You \r.ill choose:

At a re3tauraat
l. is has ３
 
ｈａ
  
５

 
ｈａ
  
   
2. is has ４ ｈａ ６ ｈａ

9iT cHAmP 4
J Exelcis€ 20. tislening. (chqds 4-2 - 4-4)
.a Answer the quesoons and tien lrsten to the iob interview. Listen again snd complete t}Ie
Ll, sentences with the words you hear. Before you begin, you may want to check your
.iX,. understanding oftiese words: clinic, prison,aolunreer, tou)-income, patient, challense.
W'hat Opes of iobs can nuftes have?
W'hich ones could be very exciting?

A iob intcrview
Mika is a nurse. She is interviewing for a job with the manager ofs hospital emergency room.
He is looking et her r6sume and asking her some general questions.

IN IDRVTEVER: Ir looks like a lot ofthings since you became a

nurse

MIM:Ycs, for a medical clinic.

3

in a prison. in several arca hospitals And

volunteer work at a community heahh ccnter for

5

low-income patients.

INT€RuEVER: Very good. But,let me ask youj why

6
jobs so often?

MIKA: lvell, I like having new challeflges and difrenent experiences.

I\Tts:RvIEwER: \W_hv for this job?
7
｀lIKA: ｀いoll,I'm loo血 g for sOmctlling more Fast― paced,★ and

interested in working in an E.R.* for a long time.

9
drat dris hospitsl provides geat training for its staB and it ofrers excellent

patient care.

INTER'IE [ER: Thenk you for coming in. I'll call you next week with our decisioo.

MIKA: It was good to meet you. Thank you for your time.

'nN ldt @.n = at. tqtq.Dc.d

'rER = .h.rylncy @h

Presenl P€rfsc! ond Posl P6d€cl 93

」 Exoにise 21.WoFm・ up (chort 4‐ 5)
Rcad ulc shOrt conversation W■ o is more hkcly to say tlle last scntcncc,Pamela or Jcnna,

PAN4Eし ヽ: 1've travclcd around ule wOrld several times

JmlNA: I traveled around the wclrld oncc
: I'm looking forward to my next trip

SlMPLE踏 ∬ ln (a): I linished my work ai a specilic lime in lhe pasl

(a)l rrnlshed my work moわ ου6 aク 0 \two hours ago).
ln (b): I finished my work at an unspecitied time in the
pasl lsoneline before nowl.
(b)￨わ ave a″ eady rrnlshed my wOrk

SIMPLE PAST Th6 srMpLE pAsr expresses an activily lhal occured al

(c) I t|asin Europ€ /asf r€a r / l\ree years ago / in 2006 / a specilic time (ortimes) in lhe past, as in (a) and (c).
itl2OOB and mlo / when I was ten years old- Thg pREsEl{r PERFEoT expross€s an aclivity thal
occun€d al an unspecilied rime (or limss) i. lhe pasl,
PRESENT PERFECT
(d) I har€ Deen in Eurcp€ many lnes / e@raltimes / as in (b)and (d).
a couple ol limes . once (no fiennon ot lme).
SIMPLE DST ln {e): ln senlenc€s whers ,otis used in a time
(o)Ann was n Miam roll∫ γο wθ θ々6 oxpr€ssion, the simple past sxpr6sses an activity lhat
b6gan and ended in the past.
PRESENT PERFECT
ln (f): ln senlences wilh toror 8rnce, the presenl
(f)BOb has been in Miamiわ ′Nsl■ eet./sわ ce
May′ sI
psrlocl expresses an adivity lhal began in ihe pasl
and coniinues lo the presenl.

D Exercise 22. tooking ol grcmmor. (cho 4-s)

Answer each question and discuss the meanings of the verb tenses in ,ialt'cs.

l. All of these verbs lalk about past time, but the verb in (a) is difierent from the other three
verbs. \X/hat is the difierence?
(s) I haoe had several bicycles in my lif€time.
(b) I rada red bicycle when I was in el€mentary school.
(c) Ldd a blue bicycle when I was a teeneger.
(d) I l,rd a $een bicycle when I lived and worked in Hong Kong.

2. What are the differences in the ideas the verb tenses express?
(e) I iad a wonderful bicycle last year.
(f) I't e ,ad many wondertul bicycles.
3. \yy'hat are the differences in th€ ideas the verb tenses express?
(g) Ann dd a red bike for two years.
(h) Sue ,ar ,lod a red bike for two years.
4. Who is still alive, and who is dead?
(i) In his lif€time, Uncle AIex lad several red bicvcles.
(j) In his lifetime, Grandpa ,as ,ad several red bicvcles.

CHAPTER 4
'4
」 Exer€ise 23. tooking qt grommqL (chort 4-5)
lrok at each verb in iraris. ts it simple past or present perfect? Check the box thai (/)
describes whether the verb expresses somethiflg that happened at a specified or unspecified
drne in the past.
SPECI「lED しヽ SPECH'IED
TIME N TIヽ ■E IN
THE Rヽ ST THE Lヽ Sr
l Ms. Parker l,ai 6eez in Tokyo many times. □ 図
, pftsent pede.t
2. Ms. Parker rlar inTokyo last week. И □

' simpb past

3. I'rrd n€, Kaye's husband- He's a nice guy. tr D

4. I tn e, Ksye's husband ar a perty last week. tr tr
5. Mr. White in the hospital three times last month. ! !
'!,ar
6. Mr. White llar Dee, in the hospital many times. ! n
7. I like to tmvel. I'r,e b?€n to more than 30 foreign count es. tr tr
8. I zrdr in Morocco in 2008. ! D
9, V.itr^ ha: tuoer bee, to Morocco. tr tr
10. Venita ?rarr" in Morocco when I was there in 2008. ! tr

」 Exercise 2{. tooking qt grommor. (chod 4-5)

Complete tle sentences. Use the present perfect or the simple past form of the verbs in
parenrheses.

l. A: Have you ever been to Singapore?

B: Yes, I (De) have . I (be) have been $ Sinsapore seveml times. In fact,
7 (be) tt/aa in Singapore last year.

2 A: Are you going to 6nish you! work trcfor€ you go to bed?

B: I (fmnh, alrcady+) havc alrcaa:t finishe4 h. | (fnirh) -_frlizhlrl ny wotk
two houls ego.

3 A: Have you ever eaten at the Sunset Beach Csf6?

B: Ycs,I I(ι αう there manv times. In
fact, my wife and I (.d, lunch there yesterday.

'In infomsl spoken ED8lish, .h. sihpl. pas n $mcdm* ucd with .r&dr. PB(icc usins the p66r p.rf(t sith .h.4y

PresonI Perfeci ond PosI Pe“ c, 95

 4. A: Do you and Erica want to go to the movie at the GalaxyTheater with us tonight?
B: No thanks. Ule (tee, alr.adt) it WI(S`の

it last week.

5. A: \yy'hen ere you going to !}rite your report for Mr. Berg?
B: | (wrie, obeany) it I(ω ガ″)

it rwo days ago and gave it to him.

6. Ai (Anronb, haee, eaer) a,Ob'

B: Yes,he He(力αυ
の lots of part― dmc
jobs. kst sumher he (rau€) a iob at his uncle's auto shop.

?. A: This js a good book. !00ould you like to read it when I'm finished?
B:]manks,but:(rα 4 α7raα の ) it. I (read)
it a couple ofmonths ago.

8. A: \vy'hat Afiican countries aJo,r, r,rrr,

B: I(υ お″) Kenya and Ethiopia. I (0,iD
Ken_va in 2002. I (bs) ln

Ethiopia last year.

I Exercise 25. l€l's lolk: poinyo.k. (chod4-s)

work with parmer. Take turns asking and answering the questions. Use the present perfect
e
and the simple past. Share a few of your parErer's answers with the class.

E anpb:
PART\.ER A: Vhat countries have you been to?
PARTNER B: ['ve been to Norway and Finland.
PARI
^-ER
A: When were you in Norwey?
PArrN'ER B: I was in Norway three yeals ago. How about you? Vhat countries have you been to?
PARTNER A: I've never been to Norway or Finlatrd, but l've been to . . . .

l. What countries have you been to?

\vhen were you itl . . . ?
2. \a/here are som€ interesting places you have lived?
V/hen did you live ir . . . ?
3. What are some intetesting / unusual / scery things you have done in your lifetime?
Vhendidyou...?
4. \(/hat are some h€lptul things (for a ftiend / your family / your community) vou have done
ifl your lifetime?
whendidyou...?

96 cHAP,ER 4
I Exercise 25, Li3lening. (cho.ts 2-4 ond 4-5)
n For each item, you will hear two complete sentences and rhen the beginning ofa third
@ ,.nt.nce. Complete the third sentence with the past participle ofthe verb you heard in the
r-,t i lrlst two sentences,
Exdnple: Yon wlll hezr: I eet vegetables every day. I ate vegetables for dinner last nighr.
Ihave...
You will write: lha-ve caxen vegetables every day fora lofig time.

1. Since Friday,I have a lot of money.

2. All Neek,I haYe big breaKasts.

3. Today, I have already

.1. I just finishcd dinner, ard I havc a nice tip.

5- Since I was a teenager,I heve in late on weekends.

6. All my life,I have very carefully.

7. Silce I was little, I have in the shower.

D Exercise 27. Oqme. (choft 2'4 ond 4-5,

\truork in groups.
(I) write down two statements about yourselfi ofle in the simple past
On a piece of paper,
tens€ and one in the presenr perfect tense.
(2) Make one statement true and one statement false.
(3) The other memben ofyour group will try to guess which one is true.
(4) Tell the group the corect answers when everyone has finished guessing.
The person with dre most correct guesses at the end of the game is the winner.
ExamPlel
STUDENT A: I'v€ never cooked dinner.
I saw a famous person lsst year.
sruDENr B: You'Lp ne|,vt rcohed di ner is ftu?.
You sau a famous pe6on last )Ear i: fake.

I Exercise 28. Worm-uP. (chort 4-6)

Complete t}le sentences with Lime information.
1. I am sifting at my desk right now. I have been sirting at my desk since

2. I am looking at m!,book. I havc been lookins at my book for

Pros€nl Pe ecl ond Posl Pe ecl 97

 ISiVe

Aland Ann arc in thatc tight now- They are The pFEsENr pERFEcr pAocFEssrvE lalks about how
driing home, n is now fout o clock. /or9 an activity has b€en in progress bofore now.
ａ
 
fhey have been diving s nce two o'clock. NorE: Timo orprossions wath t rca, as in (a), and,or,
ｂ
They have been ct vinglor lwo hours. as in (b), are kequently used with lhis lense.
They will be hom6 soon.
hrdhr.+,.en+-lng
(C)HO″ 10ngわ aveわ e/been d″ vlng? OUESTION:
hava/lr.a + subiect + D€€n+ -lng

Present Prog?essive vs. Present Perfect Pro8ressive

Present Progressive (d) Po is sitlirg in class righl now. Th6 pREsENr pFocREssNE describes an
aclivily thal is in progress dghi now, as
in (d). lt do€s not discuss duralion
(l€noh ol time).
tNcotlrlEcf: fu t,n,'s Lreen sitltng in class
dghl now-

Present Perfect Progressive Po is sitting al his desk in class. He Th6 PRESENT PERFECT PFoGRESS vE
sal down al nine oclock. ll is now exprssses lhe dur.tlon (lenglh ol lime)
ninelhirty. ol an aclivity lhal began in lhe past and
(e) Po l,as been s/tt rg is rn progress righl now.
in class
srnce nine o'clock. tNcoRRECf: PO iS Sitling in class since
(t) Po has bee, sita,ngin class nine o'clock.
lor thirly minules.

(g)CORRECT: OwYoko
l kЛ NorE: Non-aclion verbs (e.9., know like, own, belong)
(h)′ NCο RRECI ′ar bOド、 わ わ are gen€rally nol used in lhe progressive lenses.'

( )CORRECT ￨わ ave々noN、Yoko ror mO years ln t'). wlh non.acton veos, lhe pr6s€nl perfecl is
(j)lⅥ 30￢ マECr ′わave beθ n々 ηO″●9う 0た o rO′ lwrン リars usod with slrco or ,br to oxPr6ss the duration ol a
silualion thal began in lhe pasl and conlinues lo ths

'Scc Chart I 6, Non-A.tion Vcrbs, p. l7

98 CHAPIER 4
J Exercise 29. looking ot g]ommor. (chod 4-6)
Complete the sentences. Use the present progressive or rhe present perfect progressive form of
the verbs in parentheses.

l. I (sit) atn bittina in the cafeteria right now. | (sit) have been oittin?
here since twelve o'clock.

2 Kate ls standing at the corner. She (rrdr, forthc bus Shc

(2・ alll for the bus for twenty minutes.

3. Scott and Rebecca (tdlA) on t}le phone right now. They

(rdl&) on the phone for over an hour.

4. Right now we're in class. !0e (do) an exercise. We (do)

this exercise for a coupl€ ofminutes,

5 A: You look busy righr now. Whar (]or, do)

B l(2ο on my physics experiment. It's a difiicult
")
cxpcrlmcnt
A: Ho、v long(3り ,製0蔵 ) on it?
“
B: I started plarning it last January. I (rrDrt)
on it sinc€ then.

o Ex€rcise 30. tel's lrolk. (chon 4-6,

Answer the questions your reacher ask. Your book is closed.
Eran le:
TE{CHER: lghere are you living?
STUDEN-T A: I'm living in an aparrment on Fourth Avenue.
TEACHER: How loog have you been living rhere?
STLTDENT A: I've been living rhere since last Seprember.

l. Right now you are sitting in class. How long have you been sitting here?
2. When did you firsr begin to sody English? How tong have you been srudying English?
3. I began to teach English in (rear). How long have I been teaching English?
4. I began to work at this school in (mrr?r, orrear). How long have I been working herc?
5. \X/hat are we doing right now? How long have we been doing it?
6- (S,ulent's name),I see thar you wear glasses_ How long have you been weering glasses?
7. Who drives? $Uhen did you first drive a car? How long have you been driving?
8. Who drinks cotree? How old were you when you srarted ro drink cofree? How long have
you been drinking cofree?

P€s€nl Perleci ond Posl Pedeci 99

J Exelcise 3I. LislGning. (choris 4-2 .4-6)
, &r, r. when speakers use the present perfect in everyday speech, they ofren contract iorr€
@ and fros with nouns. Listen to the sent€nces and notic€ the contractions.
I . Jane has been out of town for rwo days.
2. My parents have beeo active in politics for 40 yeaIs.
3. My ftiends have moved into a new apartment.
4. I'm sorry. Your credit card has expired.
5. Bob has been traveling in MonEeal since lastTuesday.
6. You're the first one here. No one elser has come yet-
ftr.Il Listen to the senrences. Complete tlem with the words you heer. rcun + hatelhas.
l. T\e .veather ha6 been warm since the beginniog ofApril.

2 This beer urusually warm.

3 ヽly been living in the same house for 25 years.

4 '4y lived in the seme town all their lives.

5. You slept late. Your already gotten up and made breakfast.

6 ヽ4y planned a going-away party for me. I'm moving back to my

7. I'm afraid your been getting a lirtle sloppy.*r

8 ヽly rnveled a lor. She's visited many different countries.

J Exercase 32. Worm-uP. (chort 4-7)

Read the siruarions and answer r}e questions.

SrruAnoN l:
Roger is having trouble with math. I am helping him wirh his homework tonight. I hsve been
helptng him since 6:00.

SrruAnoN 2:
Roger is movifig to a ne1x apartnent. I have helPed him move furniture several times this

SruA'noN 3:
I sure was busy last week. I helped Roger with his homework, and I h€lPed him move to a new
apartrnent.

a. In which situation does the speaker emphasize the duratiol or the time that something
continues?
b. In which situation(s) is th€ speaker finish€d with rhc activity?
c. Do you think the activity in situation 1 or 2 is more recent? \vhy?

r& ir r.dE b.t!d n e!Cu6rl, Mmt dwirh,,4 ed,G it Dhlts 3uch s e@ &, @ da' oiroe dt
'a.
firlrr, = mt63 6r mdy

l0O cHAmR 4
Present Perfect Progressive
(a) Gina and Tarik are talking on the phone. The pFEsENr pERFEcr paocREsstvE sxpresses the
fhey have been talkln9 on lhe phone lor duratlon ol pr€€nt act yn €t, using aclion verbs,
20 minutes. as in (a). Th6 aclMty began In the pasl and is still in
progrcss.

Present Perfect
(b) Gim tas lrrted lo Tarik on th€ phone many times The PR€sENr PEFFECT oxpresses
(l) repeated aclivities that occur al unsfrccilled
lc) r,tco&Rrcf: GiM has been talking lo Iaik on the llm€ ln the pe3i, as in (b), ou
phohe mary fmes-
(2) lhe dur.tlon of pras.ni 6nuat ons. as in (d),
(d) Gina l,rs t
ownTarik,or two yeals. usrng non-aclion verbs.
lo) NcoBREcf: Gir!€l]as been knot ng Taik for two

Present Perfect Prog?essive and Present Perfect

{1) | have been living here lor six monlhs. oR For some (nol all) verbs, duralion can be expressed
(g) lnaye lived here lor six monlhs. by githerthe presenl p€rfsct orlhe present perbct
progressive.
lh) Ed has bean weanng glasses since he was ten. oR
Ed hrs wor, glasses sinc6 he was ten. Examples (l) and (g) have essenlially the sam6
l've Dee, go,rg to school ever since I was Jive
meaning, and bolh arc correcl.
Oft6n eilh6rtense can be used wilh v€rbs lhal
l'vegonelo school6vsrsince I was live years old. express lhe duretlon ol ulual or hebltuel
rctlvltlot.lluetlom {ihings lhat happen daily or
@gulany). .-9., live, work, teach, smoke, weat
glasses, play che*s, go to schoo4 rcad the sane
nawspapet evgty motning, elc_

Presenl Perteci ond Posl Perect IOI

-l Exerclse 3:!. looking ol g]!mmor. (chqrt 4-7)
Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect or the present pedect progressive form of the
verbs in parentheses. In some sentences, either form is possible.

l. A: I'm tired. Vte (hihe) have been hikint for more than an hour.
B: Well, let's stop and rest for a while.

2. A: Is the hike to Glacier hke dimcult?

B: No,notatall. I (hihe\ havc hikcd it many times urirl my kids.

3. A: Do you like it here?

Bi I (lioe) have bcen livinL LhayzlilgrL hele for only a short while. I don't know yet.

4. A: My eyes are getting tired. I (rsdd)

I think I'll take a break.
B: Good idea.
5. A: | (reatr) this same page in my chemistry book three times,
and I still don't understand it.
B: Maybe I cao help.

6. A: Do you like the Fxlgewater Inn?

B: Very much. I (stdy) rhere at least a dozen times. It's
my favorite hotel.

7. A: The baby's crying. Shouldn\ we do somerhing? He (cry)

for several minutes,
B: I'll go check.
8. A: Who's your daughter's teacher for next year?
B: I think her name is Mrs. Jaclson.
A: She's one ofrhe best teachers at thc clcmenrary school. She (red.r)
kindergarten for twenry years.

9. A: Ed (plar\ tennis for ten years, but he still doesn\ have

a good sewe.
B: Neiiher do I, and I (rlay) tennis for twenty years.

t0. A: Vhere does Mrs. Alvarez work?

B: Ar the power company. She (!.,or&) there for fiIteen
years. She likes her job.
A: What about her husband?
Br He's currendy unemployed, but he'll find a new iob soon
A: what kind of experience does he have?
B: He (!,1r,'&) for rwo different accounting firms and at
one of the bigger software companies. With his work expe ence,he won\ have any
trouble finding another iob.

I02 CHAPIER 4
 Spu
fi膀 翼;嚇:器 酬 肌 織 穏f潔1鑑 f∬憔 1理 さ〃
Today・ sヽ eather
“
The weather certainly today. Boy,
2
what a dayl already rain,、 ind,hail,andsun So,what's
3
in storc☆ for tonight, As you probably , dark clouds
0 6
NVc have a、 vcatl■ cr systern movung in tl■ atis gOmg 10

bring colder tempcraturcs and high wids all week that

this system is coming, and it looks like tonighr is irl

9
snow dQ″ ■ south Of us,and we could getsomc snow here too So hang
10
onto your hats! We may have a rough night ahead of us.

f Exercise 35. Looking ol glommor. (chopters t, 2, qnd 4)

I-ook at each pair of senrences. Compare the meanings of rhe verb tenses in irdl,.r. Check (./)
the sentences that express duration,

1. a. _ Rachel ri ,a&ir,g English classes.

b. Nadia ftas 6aen raftirg English classes for two months.

2. a. -'.._ Ayako lrdr lioifig in letusalerJ. for two years. She likes it there.
been
b. _ Bea$iz tu* Az'ed in Jerusalem. She's also lived in Pa s. She's lived in NewYork
andTokyo. She's Iived in lors ofcities.

3. a. _ lack has anred his aunt and uncle many times.

b. Matt has been or.slrag his aunt and uncle for the last three days.

4. a. _ Cyil ,l dl&irA on the phone.

b. Cltil alAs on the phone a lot.
c. CWil has been taltirg to his boss on the phone for half an hour.
_
d..
-
Ctlril hds talhed to his boss on rhe phone lots of times.

5. a. _ Mr.Voods zrdl&s his dog in Forest Park every day.

b. _ Mr. \foods l,ar luaJ&ed his dog h For€st Park many times.
c. _ Mr. \ltoods roalked his dog in Forest Park five times last week.
d. _ Mr. \Xroods rs raalkirj.his dog in Forest Park right now.
e. .........._ Mr. Woods l,dr been tlalhing t.is dog 1n Forest park since rwo o,clock.

ra'ndit a rdr = whar to exped or {har n.ohing in ile futu.e

Piosen,pereci Ond PosI Pereci l o3

O Exercise 36.uslening.(ch● :IS 4‐ 1 ,4‐ フ)

′￢ LSten tO each convcrsatlon alld choose dle sentence(a orb)tllat best descnbes it
e
fRI晨 α
″:bu tt hCar住
踏∬窯電キdumu
You Ⅲu ch。 Osc O necouメ C haS been watchhg a m¨ c
b Tlle couplc Flnished watchhg a mclvlc

l. e. The speakers listened to the radio already.

b. The speakers have been listening to the radio.

2. a. The man lived in Dubai a year ago.

b, The man still lives iD Dubai.

3. a. The man has called the childrefl several times.

b. The matl called the children once.

4. a. The speake$ went to a party and are still thele.

b. The speakers went to a party and have already left.

-lA Exorclss 37. liitening ond speoking. (chopte6 I -4)

Itrr l Usten to the phone conversation between a mother and her daughter, Ilra.
cc
rndl A Conrrnon illn€€s
L{R-A: Hi, Mom. I was iust calling to tell you lhat I can't come to your birthday Party this
weekend. I'm afraid I'm sick.
Mou: Oh.I'm sorry to hear Lhat.
hRA: Yeah, I got sickvednesday ni8ht, end iCs iust been getting worse
MoM: Are you going to see a doctor?
trRA: I don\ know. I don't want to go to a doctor if it's not sedous.
MoM: Well, what sltlptoms have you been having?
hp"r: I've had a cough, and now I have a fever.
MoM: Have you been taking any medicine?
I-ARA: Just over-the{ounteri stulf.
MoM: tfyour fever doesn't go away,I rhink you need to call a doctor.
hRAr Yeah, I probably will.
MoM: ryy'ell, call me tomorrow and let me know how you're doing.
t-Aru: Okay. I'll call you in the morning

・ av/‐ ″¨ ″‐ medl― eyou αェ buv nd out a prescnplon tom a docto,

"“

104 cHAttR4
 Ihrr Ir. Work with a partner.Thke turns beinS rhe perent and the sick penon. Complete lhe
conversation. Practice the new conve$ation with your partner.
Possibb $mptoms:
e fever chius a sore throar
a runny nose achiness a stomachache
a cough a headache sneezing
n9usea

A: Hi, Mon /Dad. I was just calling to tell you that I can't come to . I,m afraid
I'm sick.
B: Oh,I'm sorly to hear that.
A: Yeah, I got sickrvednesday nighr, and it's iust been getting worse.
B: Are you going to see a doctor?
A: I dofl't know. I don't want to go to e docto! if it,s not serious.
B: !fe[, what s] tptoms have you been having?
A: I've had , and now I have _.
B: Have you been taking a,ly medicine?
A: Just over-the-counter stuff.
B: If your _ doesn'r go away, I rhink you need ro call . doctor.
A: Yeah, I probably will.
B: \n'ell, call me tomorrow and ler me know how you're doing.
A: Okay. I'll call you in the morning.

tr Exercise 38. looking ol glommor. (Chopter I qnd Chorts 4-l

- 4-7)
Choose the coriect verb. In some sentences, more than one answer may be possible.
Discuss your answers,

l. I the windows twice, and they still don't look clean.

a. am washing b. have washed c. have been washiflg
-
2. Please tell MiIa to get ofthe phone. She _ for over an hour.
a. is talking b. has talked c. has been talkiflg
3. \vherc are you? I_ at the mall for you to pick me up.
a. wait b. am wsiting c. have been waiting

4. We _ ar the kkes Resorr once. We want to go back again.

a. srey b. have stayed c. have been staying

5. Where have you been? The baby _, ard I can\ comfort her.
a. cries b. is crying c. has been dying

Presenl Pedecl ond Posi pedect I05

J Exercise 39. Reoding, (chods 4'l ,4-7)
Answcr the questions. Then read the passage and the statements that follow. Circle "T" for
true and "F" for false.

Have you heard about the Problem of disappearing honeybees?

\vhy are honeybees irnportant to fruit and many other croPs?

Where Have the Honeybees Gone?

Honeybees have been disappearing around the world for several years now In the United
States, billions ofbees have already died. Europe, Australia, and Brazil have also reported
losses
lJvithout pollinauon,
ofhoneybees. This is a serious problem because bees pollinatei croPs
apple, orange, and othel ftuit tlees cannot produce ftuit. Other crops Iike nuts also need
pollination. In the United States, ofle-third of the food supply depends on honeybees
scientists have a name for rhis problem: colony collapse disorder (CCD) Bees live in
hive that
colonies or hives, and thousands of be€keepers have been finding their hives empry A
once held 50,000 bees may iust have a few dead or dying ones left'
pests,*i
Therc ha!€ been many theories about why this has happened; for examPle, disease,
unnatural growing conditions, and damaged DNA."' Scientists now thiDk that the cause may
be
a soludon to this
e combination of e virus and a frEgus, but they need to do morc research to furd
very senous problem.

l. Honeybees heve stopped disappearing T F

2. Scientists expect that more bees will die. T F

3. Apples and other fiuits depend on honeybees. T F

4. Bee hives have been disappearing. T F

5. There are only four reasons why honeybees have died T F

r;tin.u laetu) = f!]rni,utrtinarrt (noun) = thc prcccs that cau's s pl'ot ro hrk no pldt
'
..F, = s in*d or si6.l rhzr d.ma36 qops
, r.sis of ss'tjc i!'orhation

106 cHAmR 4
I Exelcise 4{1. Grommol ond wtiling. (choptErs t, 2, ond 4)
Parr L Complete the sentences wirh the correct form of the words in parentheses.
Myname(bι ) ￨, Surasuk Jutukanyapratcep I(ち の
1

Thailand. Right now I (s'lldf,) English at this s€hool. I (6e)

at.his school since rhe beginning ofJanua.y. I (d/rrre)

here January 2nd, and my classes (Drgir)

5

January 6th.

Since I (dome) here, I (do) manv

8
things, and I (rn eer) many pcople Last wcek,I(β り)
,
to a parw at my tiCnd's housc I(″ θβll some of the
10 ll
other studcnts frorn Thailand at tlle partv OF cOurse,we(,′ αた) Thai, so
12
| (practb.e, not) my English that night. There (De)
li
only people liomThailand at rhc party.
14
Ho曖 掟r,sll■ CC I(ε θ
lllの }].erc, | (meet)
l5
a lot of other people too, including people from Itrin America,
16
Africa,the NIlddic East,and Asia l cnloy mccting peoplc■ 0_othcr cOul■tHes Now I(た 2θ r)

people from all these places, and thet, (rrcome)

]'

my friends

Para Ir. Vdte thee paragraphs about yourself. Use the passage in Part I as a model. Answer
these questions:

I. What is your name?

2. Sflhere are you ftom?
3. How long have you been here?
PARAGRAPH II.
4. \vy'hat have you done since you came here? oR
5. \vlhat have you Iearned since you began srudying English?

PARAGRAPH III.
6. Who have you met in this class? oR
7. Who have you met recenrly?
8. Give a litde information about rhese people.

Prosenl Perfocl ond Post P6.tect I 07

」 Exercise 41. Worm-uP. (chort 4-E)
Read Karen's statemenl. Vhich sequence of events (a. or b.) is correct?

KAT.EN: Jane met me for lunch. She was so happy She had passed her ddver's test
a. Jarle talked to Karen. Then she passed her test.
b. Jane passed her test. Then she talked to Karen.

sluauOnl The msr pERFEcr is used whenlhe sp€aker islalking

Jack left his apanment at 2:(n. Sue anived al his about two ditlerent evenls ai iwo diflereni lrmes in lhe
apanfienl al 2:15 and kaocked on lhe cloot. past; one e!€nl ends b€fore lhe s€cond evenl happens.

(a) When Sue arrived, Jack wasnl there. He ,ad /efl. ln (a)i There are two evenls, and both happened in the
past Jack loft his apartment. Sue arrived at his

To show lhe lime relalionship belween lhe lwo evenls,

we use th€ pasl perlect (rt d rerl) lo say lhal lhe ftsl
evenl (Jack leaving his apartmenl)was compleled
beJoro the socond event (Sus arriving al his
apartmenl) occu(ed.

FaRtr: he.t + Past Partbiqle

(b) Jack had /eflhis aparlmentwhen Sue arrived
They dleli. Eic. coNruAcroN: //youlsne /he/it/we/they Id
{c) He u l€il.

When belorc and altet at6 us€d in a sentence, the

(d) Jack ,rd /etl beiore Sue anived.
time relalaonship is already clear so the pasl perleci is
(e) Jack /etl belore Sue arrived.
ollen noi necessary The srmple pasl may be used, as
(f) Sue ,rived ailer Jack had lelt. in (e)and (s).
(g) Sue arrived afelJack l6lt.
Examples (d) and (e) have ihe same meaning.
ExamDlss (l) and (g) have lhs same meaning

The pasl p€rlecl is morc common in lormal wriling

(h) Stella was alone in a slrange city. She walked
such as liction, as in (h).
down lhe avenue slowly, lookrng in shop wndows
Suddenly, she lurned her head and looked behind
her, Someone iad caliedher name.

I08 CHAPIER 4
I Exelcise 42. Looking qt grommor. (chort 4-8)
Identi& which action in the past took place 6rst (lst) and which acrion took place second
(2nd).

l. The tennis playe. iumpcd in the air for roy. She hsd woD rhe match.
a. The teDnis player won the match.
b. -!9t-
--znzl The teDnis player jumped in fie air.

2. Before I went to bed, I checled the ftoot door. My rcommete hrd alrerdy loclcd it.
e. I checked the door.
b. -?IZL-
__l9ll My roommete locked the door.

3. I looted fo! Diego, but he had left dte building.

a. Diego left the buildirg.
b. I looked for Diego.

4. -
I laughed when I saw my son. He had poured a bowl ofnoodles on top ofhis hesd.
a.
- I laughed.
b. My son poured a bowl ofnoodles on his head.

5. -
Olir€r arrived at the theater on t ne, but he couldfl't get in. He had left his ticket at
-
home.
a. Oliver left his ticket at home.
b. Oliver arrived at the theater.

6. -
I haaded Betsy the newspaper, but she didn't want it. She had r€sd it during her lurch
-
hour.
a. I hended Betsy the newspaper.
b. Betsy reed the newspaper.

7. -
After Carl arrived in NewYorb he ca[ed his mother. He had prornloed to call her as
-
soon as he got in.
e. Carl made a promise to his mother.
b. Csrl celled his mother.

-
-

Pr€senl Perecl ond Post Pedect I0!,

Ｊ ExeЮ
ise 43 ustening.(chor1 4‐
・
8)
onS and choose the vcrbs pu hcar
θ Llsten tO the short conversa●

IS:You will hcar: A:11l htroducc you to PrOfcssor Ncnton atふ c meeting tonight
Eχ α″メ
ｃ
Ｄ
︲
¨ B: You don't need tO I haVc already mct him
YouⅢ Hchoosc has tt had

You win hear: A:Did Jack htrOducc you to ProFcssor Ne■ ton,
B:No,itヽ vasn't necessatt l had alrcad■ ・met him
You mlchoo昭 h6 ha■ e ⑭

l has havc had 3 has have had

2 has haVe had 4 has have had

□ lxo“ ise喘、Check yourknoMedge.(chclpler 4)

Edit the sclltences COrrect thc errors m vcrb tensc usage

Mv expenence● th EngLsh
。●
υ´/i4タ
l l havc bccn sndled English for eigllt years,but l stln hNe a 10tto learn

2 1 started English classcs at thiS School four wccks a80,and l a■ learning a lot of English

shcc tllen

3 1 wantto learn Engllsh since l am a child

4 1 havc been thhhng about how tO mprove my English sk11ls qtuckly slncc l came here,but

l hadll't Found a good Wa■

う Our teacher nkes t0 81■ C tests ヽVe has havc s丘 tests since thc bcghning ofthe term

6 11ikeleaming English wnen I Was"ung,my fathcr found all Australian tt tO teach my

brothers and me English,but whcn l m∝ e to anothcr d● ,my father didn'lind a"onc tO

tcach us

7 1 meet many Fncl■ ds u■ this class l mcct Abdu h he caFeteHa on the Frst day HC Was

ftiendけ and klnd NVe are friends slncc alat day

8 Abdul have bcen stu"English for threc months His Englishヽ bc● er ula.lmhe

110 CHAPTER 4
 Chapler 5

U Exercise I. Wqrm-up. (chod s-t)

Choose the corre€t completion.

Ar _ you Deed help?

c. Have
b. Do d. Were
B: Yes,
a. I need c. I have
-
b. I'm d. Ido

Ycs,No Short Answer (+ LonS Answer)

la) toyou ketea? Yes, / do. (l like lea.) A yorno question is a question that can be
Nc i dor't. (l don1 like l6a.) answered by yes or,o.

lb) Did Suecatt? Yes, she did. (Sue called.) ln an atlirmalive shorl ans,ver (J€s), a hslping
Na, she didnt. (Sue didn't catt.) verb is Nor contracted with the subj6ct,

(c) ln lc): tNcoRREcr: Yes, I ve.

Heve you met Al? iaye. {lhavs metAl.)
Yes, /
ln (d): r^/coRBEcrj Yes, lts
Nq lhaven't. (lhaven't m6t Al.)
ln lel: NcoRREcr: Yes, he ll-
ld) ts n dlnlng? Yes, , is-
(lt's rainang.) Th6 spoken emphasis in a short answer is on
No, il /sr't (ll isn'llaining.) the velb.

lo) Wl Rob beherc? Yeg ,e ryrrl (Rob will be here.)

No, he won'L (Rob won't be her€.)

Ll Exorcise 2, tooking ol g.ommor. (chod 5-l)

Choose the correct verbs-

A new cell phone

l. Doer
rs, that your new cell phone? yesr it ,r, dorr.
2. Are,Do yo\t like ir? Yes,l an,do.
3 . lYere, D;d you buy it online? Yes, I uas, did .

III
 4. Was, Did No,tt uasl1't, didn't
it expensive?
5. Is, Doer it ringing? Yes, it ,r, does.
6. Are,Do yon going to answer it? Yesi I 4,,, do.
7 . wa\ Did. the call important? Yes, it tuds, dd

8. Ha\e,lyerc you turned your Phone ofi? No,I irz'e'l ?ods"}

g. Wi , Ate you call me latet? Yes, I ui4 are'

I Exercise 3. Looking qt grommoL (chod 5'1)

Use the information in-Paren:iheses to make yes/no questions Complete each conversaLion
with an appropriate sho;t answer. Do not use a negative verb in the question'
l. A. Do Yop knaw mY brother?
B: No, (l don't know youl brother')
-lzbdr-
2 A:
B: ヽ o, (Snakes donl have legs )

3 AI
B: ヽts, (Mexico is in Nofth America-)

4 A:
B: No, (I won't be at home tonight.)

D A:
Bi Yes, (I haVC a bikc)☆

6 A:
B: ヽts, (Simon has left.)

7 A:
B: ヽヽs, (Simon left with Kate.)

8 A:
B: Ycs, (Acupuncture relieves Pain.)

iS usuJ、 。Sed when力 ‐ も the mah,cぬ :“ メ 方 ′

'In An昴 ぐan Engli壼 ,afom ofあ “ “ "α
● P “
uulti m,,n verbた 。。is noi nec6sarvI″ α ,解
In B■ ush Erglヽ h,afom ofdo
“ “

112 CHAP'ER 5
ごL“α緊滉 11凛認rttf留黒
:YЭ
鳳:corea rspOn臨
711p″ u will hear Are yOu almost ready,
IRI,Eχ
You will choose: a. Yes,I was. b. Yes,I do. yes,I am.
@
I-eavirg for the airport
l. a. Yes,I am. b. Yes,I do. c. yes, ir does.
2. a. Yes,I did. b. Yes,I was. c. yes,I am.
3. a. Yes,I will. b. Yes, it will. c. yes, it did.
4. a. Yes) they are. b. yes, it did. c. yes, ir is.
5. a. Ye6,I am. b. Yes,I will. c. yes,I do.

D Exeacise 5. Lefs lolk: ir ervieyy. (chort 5-l)

Interview seven students io your class. Make questiors wirh the given words. Ask each
student a different question.
l. you\like\anftials? 5. you\ sleep \ weU last night?
2. you \ evet \ had \ a pet snake? 6. you \ be \ tired right now?
3. ir \ be \ cold \ in this room? Z. you\ be \here nexr year?
4. ir \ rain \ right now?
J Exerciso 6. Lislening. (chods-r)
7, In spoken English, ir may be hard ro hear the begiDning of a yetno question beceuse the words
G1 are often reduced '
Itn I Listen to tlese common reductions,
l. Is he absent? + ,lr-re absent? oR Ze absenr?
2. Is she absent? ' .Ir-rr? absenr?
3. Does it work? , Zi work)
4. Did it break? > Dih-ditbrcala oR Dr break?
5. Has he been sick? + Z? been sick? oR .{-ze been sick?
6. Is rhere enough? > Z*e erro]ugh?
7. Is that okay? + Zat ok^y?
P4rr rr. Complete the sentences with the words you hear. Vrite the non_reduc€d forms.
At the STocery store
l. I need to see the manager, available?

2. I need to see the manager. in the srore today?

3. Here is one bag ofapples. enoush?
4. I need a drink of werer. a drinling founrain?
5. My credit card isr'r working. Hrnmm. expire?

rsee also Ch6pt.r

l, L\crche 33, p. 21. and Chapter 2, Exe&is. 20, p_ 39.

Askang Sue.llons I l3
 6. riflhere's Simon? left,

7. The price seems hi8h. include the tax?

」 Exercis€ 7. worm-uP. 5-2) (cho

Circle the conect answeri. There may be more than one correct answer foi each quesuon'

l. lvhere did you go?

a. 'Ib the hospital. b. Yes,I did. c. Outside. d. Yesterday.

2. When is James leaviog?

a. I'm not sure, b. Yes, he is. €. Yes, he does. d. Amund noon.
3. Who did you meet?
a. Tariqdid. b. Sasha. c. Well, I met Sam and Mia. d. Yes, I did.

A yetno question = a question lhal can be answered by ros" or"no"

A: Does Ann live in Monteal?
B: Yeq she does. oR No sie doesn t
question word:
An inlormalion queslion = a queslion lhal asks tor informalion by using a
wh6rc, whan, wlry, who' whofi what whlch' lthose, how
A: Wherc does Ann live?
B: ln Montreal.

(Question
word)
(a) Does The same subpcl-veb word order is
(b) Where used in both yes/no and inJormation

(c) Sa.a studYing at lhe library?

Helpingverb + subiect + Main verb
San sluc,ying?
ghaluate nexl y€aa Example (a) is a yedno queslion.
(€)
Etample (b)is an inlormation question.

(s) Did they Jac*?

(h) who(m)' they ln (i) and 0): Main vetb Doin simple
presenl and simple Past (rm, /5, arc'
(i) r8, here) precedes the subject. ll has
ihe same posilion as a helplng !€lb.

came When ihe quostion word (e.9., tthoor

nappened what) islhe subiecl ol the question
usual quesion word ord€r ls nol used.
Notice in lk) and (l) lhal no lom ol do

'Sa Chd 5_4 for . disossion of &"(')

114 cHAPI【 R5
」 Exercise 8. looking ql grommoL (chod 5-2)
Read the information about Irina and Paul. Then make complete questions with the given
words and choose the correct short answers,

The SlmDle Life

Irina and Paul live . simple life. They have a one-room cabin on a lake in the
mountains. They fish for some ofrheir food. They also mise chickens. They pick fruit
from riees and berries ftom bushes. They don,t have eledriciry orTV, but they enjoy their
life. They don't need a lor to be happy.

l. QuEsrroN: where \ Irina and Paul \ live?

Where 2o lrina and Paul liveT
ANsrx.ER: a. Yes, they do. On a lake.
@
2. QUESTIoN: they \ live \ a simple life?

ANSVER: a. Yes, rhey live. b. yes, they do.

). QuEsnoN: whar \ rhey \ pick \ fiom rhe rrees?

ANs\x.ER: a, Fruit. b. Yes, they pi€k.

-1.
QuEsrrovr they \ have \ elecrricity?

ANSVER: a. No, they don't. b. No, they don'r have.

5. QuEsTtoN: rhey \ enjoy \ their life?

ANsvrR: a. Yes, they do. b. Ycs, they enjo},.

6 QuEsrroN: they \ be \ happy?

ANSVER: a. Yes, they do. b. Yes, they are.

Asklng Queslions I I5
コ Exercise 9. lislening. (chort 5-2)
′ Listen to the conversation. Then listen again and comPlete ihe sentences with the words you
Ｏ hear.
Ｗ
Vl/here are Robera ond Isabel?

Robcto and Isabel?

B: Yes, They livc around the corner ftom mc.

them lately?

B: No, They're out of town.

to their parents? I hcard Roberto's parents are ill.

B: They went to help them.

drem soon?

B: Yes, In fact, I'm going to pick them up at the airPort.

back this weekend? I'm having a party, ard l,d likc

to invire them.

B: No, They wonl be back until Monday.

l0

J Ixercise 10. Worm-up, (chort 5-3)

list. one sentence
Complete th€ sentences with the most appropriate question word from the
has two possible answers. Match the answers to the questions.

V4Iy Vhat dme Vfterc \ihen

QuEsrIoNs
l. do you live?
are you lauShing?
2. -
1. will you get here? -
ANsvDRs
-

b. on Fifih Street.
c. Becsuse the ioke was funny.

116 CHAPTIP5
 Question
(a) wner6did hs go? lyrerc asks aboul p/aee.
∼
Last night- A queslion with wrre, can be answered by
(b) wrr6r, dad he l€ave? any time sxpression, as in the sample
︱
Monday morning.
Seven-thiriy.
 
∼
Seven-lhirly. A question with tvrrt tmo asks about
(c) Wn a tin 6 dld he leav€? ︱

(d) Wrry did he leave? Because he didn'l leelwell.. lYhy asks aboul r6asol,.

ｅ＞ What did ha leaue tor ? yyhy can also be expressed with the phmses Whrt. ..lotand How come, as
０ in (e)and (r).
Noiice thal wilh How corrre, Lrsualquestion order is not used. The subiect
precedes lhe verb and no form ol do is used.
rsee Chart 8-6, p. 22I for rhc $e of D,.a6d. Be.dBe I .lidn\ t u.lt is n
, k ctause_ It is nor a .ompt.ie s€m.nce. In thi,
ex@ple) it isth. sbort!n!erto, quc ion. ^dEfb

tr Exer€is€ I I. looking ot grommoL

(Chorr 5-3)
Complete each conversation. Make questions using rhe information from Speaker A.

l. A: I'm going downrown in a few minures.

B: I didn't catch that. Wtlen dawntown
are vau Oaing ? oe
B: I didnl catch that. V}:.erc arc vau aoina th a few mnutco )

2. A: My kids are transferring to I-akeview Elemenrary School because it,s a better school.
B: rJ0'hat was that? Where ) OR
B: What was that? Why

3. A: I will meetThka at 10i00 at the mall.

B: I couldn\ hear you. 'fbll me again. What time ?oR
B: I couldn't hear you. Tell me again. Where ?

4. A: Class begins at 8:15.

B: Are you sure? When ?oR
B: Are you sure? rJ(trat 1lmc

5. A: I stayed home from work because I wanted to warch the World Crlp final onTV
B: Huh?l why OR
B: Huh“ ヽ
ルЪat t)r,

Asking Queslions I l7
f, Exelcise 12. l.ookilrg ol grommor. (chort s-3)
RestAte the sentences. Use Holtt cornc and $Yhatlot.
I. why are you going? 3. Why does he need more money?
2. I0qhy did rhey come? 4, \vy'hy are they going to leave?

U Exeicise 13. Peoding ond glqmmoL (choth 5'2 ond 5-3)

Read the passage about Nina's birthday. Make questions with the given words. Answer the
questions in small groups or as a class.

The Birthday Ptesent

'Ibm got home late last ni8ht, around midnight. His wife, Nina, was sitting on the couch
waiting for hirD. She was quite worried becauseTom is never late.
Tomorrow is Nina\ birthday. Unforrunately,'Ibm doesn't thinl she will be happy with her
birthday present. Yesterday,Tom bought her a bike and he decided to ride it home fiom the
bike shop. While he was riding down a hill, a &iver came too close to him, and he lsnded in a
ditch. Tom was okay, but the bike was ruined. Tom found a bus stop nearby and finally got
home.
Tom told Nina the story, but Nins didnl care about the bike. She said she had a better
present: her husband.

l. When \Tom \ get home 4. \a/hy \ be \Tom \ late

2. Vhere \ be \ his wife 5. What present \ Nina \ get
3. What \Tom \ buy

O Exerciso 14. tislening. (chq s 5-2 ond 5-3)

Listen to each question and choose th€ b€st answer.
@
^
.DJ" Example: You will hear: \r0hen are you leaviog?
You will choose: a. Yes,Iam. @ Tomo..o'r. c. ln the city'
1. a. Iamtoo. b. Yesterday. c Sure.
2. a. For dinner. b. At6:00. c At the restaurant'
3. a. Outside the mall. b. After lunch. c Because I ne€d a
'ide'
4. a. At work. b. Because traffic was hea!1. c. A few hours ago'

5. e. A pair ofieans. b. At the store. c. Tomorrow'

U Exelcise 15. Wqlm'up. (chort 5-il)

Match each question io Column A with the corect answer in Column B'

Colrmn A Colum, B
l. Who flew to Rome? a. A small plane flew to Rome'
2. Who did you fly to Rome? b. Pablo flew to Rome'
3. -
what did you fly to Rome? c I flew a small plane to Rome'
4. What flew to Rome?
- d. I flew Pablo to Rome'
-
-
118 cHAPTER 5
 Qucstion
s s ln (a): Wnois used as the subjeci (S) ol a question.
(a)
ln (b): lyho(rr) is used as the objecl (O) in a queslion.
o so lytom is used in very lormal English. ln everyday
(b) Wholm) did you see?
spoken English, rr,o is usually used inslead o,

uNcoMMoN: whom did you see?

coMMoNi who did you see?

S s Wrrtl can be used as eilher the subject or lhe object in

(C) ″ Sometl,ing happen6d.
"athappened?
0
What didノ ου see,
so Nolico in (a)and (c): When whoor whel is used as
(d) the subiect of a quesrion, usualquestion word order is
nol usod:no lorm of dois used:
CoBRECT: who Came?
tNcoFRECf: who diCl CUno

」 Exelcise 16. looking ol grommo]. (chort 5-4)

Make qtrestions with o,o, zoho(n), and zohat Wrire "S" if rhe quesrion word is rhe subject.
Write "O" if the quesrion word is the ob,ect.

Que3tion
5 I
L. Who knotu? Someone krlows,
a a
2. rYha(n) dia rop a.k? I asked someone.

3. Someone knocked on the door.

4 Thlya met someone.

D Mike learned something.

6 Somethhg changed cina's mind

7 Gina is talking abour someone.i

8 Gina is talking abour something.

・ A preposiion m,com● at the beg● lhg ofa ques6on in Кry formal Enυ ish
′あ ● ■´o″ た,■
="■ "(NOr"ぬ 0き
。
b、、,yd,y '
Eng[ish,a preposi● on u"J]y docs no:conc althe beginning oFa qu6tton

Asking Oueslions I l9
J Exercise 17. tooking ol grommor. (chod 5-il)
Complete the sentences with urrro o. .!rrar-

l. A: just called? 4. A: is going on?

Bi That was Antonia. B: Ben's having a parry

do you need? 5. A: did you call?

B: A pair ofscissors. I'm cutting my hair. B: Tracy.
3. A: is Jae? 6, A: do you need?
B: My stepmom. B: Dr. Smith or her nurse.

J Exelcise 18. Lel's lolk: interview. (chort 5-4)

Walk around the room and ask your classmates questions qrith orro or urrdr.
Example: yol currendy reading?
SPEA(ER A: What are you curendy reading?
SPEA([jR B:-arc
A book about a cowboy.

l. do you like to do in your ftee time?

2. is your idea of the perfect vacation?
3. - is your best fiefld?
4. - was the most memorable event ofyour childhood?
5. - stresses you out?
6. do you need that you don't have?
7. - would you most like to invite to dinnet? lvhy? (The Person can be liling or dcad.)
-
-la. Exercise 19. lisiening. (chort s-4)
Listen to the conversation. Listen again and complete the sentences with the words you hear.
(o

A: John told me something.

B: tell you?
1

A: It's conidential i Can't tcll you

BI anyone else?
2
A: Hc told a Few ouler peoplc

B: tell?
t
A: Some ftiends.

B: Then it's flot a secret. say'

A: I can't tell you.

B:

A: Because it's ebout you. But don't worry' It's nothiog bad.
B: Gee. Thanks a lot. That sure makes me feel better.

l2O CHAPTEP 5
U Exercise 20. Lel's reod ond lolk. (cho 5-4)
Work in smell groups. Ask your classmares for the meaning of rhe ,'rlirzed words in rhe
passage. Refer to a dictionary as necessary.

Eico da: We
STUDENT A: What does 0&e mean?
STUDENT B: Tyge means kind ot category-
Typcs of Boots
There are several diferent 0,per ofbooks. You may be familiar with rhe categories ofrcrb,
and tonfction. These ate the two main tlpes. F,;r,on includes ryyr teries, romance, thrillers, science
fictbn, and hoffor. NonJiction incl:udes biograrhies, autobbgra?hies, histary, and r,"arel There arc
other t,?es, but these are some ofthe more commofl ones. Which Rpe do you like besr?

:-l Exercise 21. Worm-up. (Chort s-s)

Answer the questions wirh information about yourself.

l. liq}lat do you do on weekends? I . . .

2. What did you do lasr weekend? I . . .
3. V/hst are you going to do this weekend? I'm going to
4. What will you do the follo\{ing weekend? Iwill...

Question
\a) What cloes Bob clo every morning? He goes lo c/ass. What + a form of do ts used to esk
(b) Wral did you do yestsday? questions about activilies,
(c) Wrar Is Anna doi,r,g (ight now)? Sh63 studylng. Examples ol forms of doj am doing,
ld) Whal arc yos golng to do tomonow? I n going lo go to 1e beach. willdo, are going to do, did, etc.
le) What .!o you want to do tonight? I wanl to go to e fiovie.
ll) What woulcl you like to clo lomonofl? I tttould like to visit Jin.

」 Exercise 22. looking ol g]ommor. (cho s,s)

Make questions beginning with Wla, + a form ofdo.
l. * What are lou doinq rigbt now?
B: I'm working on my monrhly reporr.

last night?
B: I worked on my monthly reporr.

3. A:
B: I'm going to lisit my relatives.

Asking Au€snons l2l

 4. A: IOmOrrjow?

B: I sant to go to thc bcach.

5. A: this evening?
B: I would like to go to a movie.

6. A:
B: I'm staying home and relaxing most of the day.

in your history class every day?

B: We lisrcn to the tcacho talk.

8. A: (for a living)?*
Ｂ I'm a ieacher.
 
Ａ︲ your wife ?

B: She designs websites. She works for an Intemet company.

J Exercise 23' l'el's lolk: inlerview' (chqrt 5-5) -

Interview your classmates. Make questions with the given words and @hat + ^ fo'rn ol do.
More than one verb tense may be possible. Share a few of youl classmates' answers with the
class.

E am?b: tomorrcvt
SPEAKER A: \X/hat ale you going to do tomorrow? /Vhat do you want to do tomorrow? /What
would you like to do tomorrow? / Etc.
SPEqKER B: I'm going to buy a new video game. / I want to buy a new video game. / I'd like to
buy a new video game. / Etc.

l. nighr
last 6. last weekend
2- right now 7. afrer class yesterday
]. next Saturday 8. every morning
4. this aftemoon 9. since you arived in this city
5. tonight 10. on weekends

-l Exercise 24. Wqrm-up, (chorl 5-6)

Answer the questions about ice-cream flavo^.

blackberry chocolate cotree lemon strawbemy

caramel coconut green tea mint vanilla

l. Which rL(-crejm navor. are p,'Fular ir )'uur..runtrrl'

2. Vrhar kind ofice cream do lou like?

, It m.ans: Vh@ tow .rcutation, t{* job? Anoth" wv of asti4 the sme
"Whot .to jou .!o? bos special meanins. n

9esn6: WaI dn tnu d. J0 a lbiq?

122 cHAmR s
 Which
(a) May I borrcw a pen lrom you? ln (a): Ann uses yhrch (nor wrEl) because she
Sur€, I hav6lwo p€ns. This p€n has black ink. wants Tom to choose.
Thal p€n has rcd ink.
Mrrbl, is used when lhe sp€akd wanls someone to
pe,
wilcn do you wanl? oR
make a choice, when the speaker is olrering
ore
Wr,icn do you want? oR
alleanali!€s: ll,is ore or lhat one; lhese or lhose-
Whlch do you wanl?
(b) И力￨ザ o"can be used w th ether singular Or plural
I lik6 thes€ 6arings, and I lik€ those loo.
Which l.erlngs /oned are you going lo buy? nouns
Ithink l'llgst lhes€.

JrM: Heres a photo ol my daughlels class. lylrich can be us6d to ask aboul p€opl6 as well as
KMi Vory nic6. Whicn ore is your daughler? things.

(d) IVy aunl gave m6 some money lor my birthday- ln (d): The question do€sn1involvo choosing lrorn a
Im going to lake it with me to lhe mall. parlicular group ol ilems, so Bob uses wr,al, not
０
 
YYiet ar6 you going lo buy with it?
０
I hav6n'l d6cid6d y6l.

What hind of
QUI]STIoN Whet knd ol a.ks lot inlormation aboui a specilic
iype (a specilic kind) in a 9an6ral cat6gory
Bools.
Sandals. ln (e): generalcalegory = shoes

le) What kind ot shoes did you buy? sandals

Hunning shoes. lennis sho€s
High heels.
Etc.

general calegory = iruil

Eananas.
= apPlos
Oranges.
ll) What ktncl ol lruit do you like besl?
Grapelruit.
bananas
orang6s
6lc.
Etc.

」 Exercise 25, Looking ol grommor. (chort 5-6)

Make questions beginning with Which or Whaa.
l. A: I heve two books. Which baak / Which ane / Which dovau ||aht?
B: Thet one. (I want that book.)

2i Ai What did:/ou bLy when yau wentt ohapoin??

B: Abook. (I bought a book when I went shopping.)

Asking Quesiion. I23

 3. A: Could I borrow your pen for a minute?
B: Sure. I have two.
A: That one. (I would like that one.)

4 A:
B: A pen. (Hassan borrorvcd a pen from me.)

5 A:
B: Two pieces of hard candy. (I have two pieces of hard candy in my hand.) Would you
like one?
A: Yes. Thanks.
B:
A: The !'ellow one. (I'd like the yellow one.)
6. A: Tony and I wenr shoppinS. I gor some new shoes.
B:
A: A tie. (Tony got a tie.)

7. A: Did you enjoy your trip to SouthAmerica?

B: ヽts,I did Very much
A:
B: Peru, Brazil, andVenezuela. (I visited Peru, Brazil, andVenezuela.)*
A:
B: Peru. (I enjoyed Peru the most. I have family there )

u Exercis€ 25. Lol's ldlk iniervi6w (chori 5-6)

Make questions. Ask one ofyour classmates each question and write the answer' share some
of their answers with the class.
t. A: !(/hat kind of __ltOCL_ are you wearing?

B: Boots. Cldssndre t dn s&€r

2. A: Vhat kind of mez, do you eat most often?

B: Beet. Classmau's ansuer:
3 Al unlat kind of do vou like bcst'

B: Rock'n roll. Cbssmau's ansucr:

4 A: WЪ at kind of do you like ro watch?

B: Comcd1,. C/asszate

5. A: What kind of do vou like besr?

B: Clossnate's artwet

｀Ъ e dintκ nct be"ecn● 研 and“ I● ●● ,ッ isoto● ●り sm=ll

"り
“`ω “
""′

124 cHAPIER5
」 Exelcis€ 27. Worm-up, (chort s-7)
Answer the quesdons.

l. This is Ted's dsughter. Vhose daughrer is rhat?

a. ThatlTerry b. Thar'sTerry's.
2. This isTed. \Yy'ho's next ro him?
a. That'sTc.r)- b. ThaI'sTerrr, s.

Question
(a)″ Se(● ●●A Sths? lt s」 ohn's(b00k) lflhose asks about possession.r
"●
(b)Nヽ。Se(b001S)are those? Theプ re mine(oR my boOkS) Nolice in (a)i The speaker ofthe question
(C)村ヽOSe cardid pu borrc w? l borrowed Karen s(cao may omil ths noun (Dool) illhe meaning is

COMPAREl
lYho's and lyhose have lhe same
(d)″ わοも that? Mary Smith.
(0)物 10Se 6 that?
l,Yrob is a contraction ol lvho is
l,Yhose asks aboul possession.
rS.. Chtrs 6 I I, p. 166, md 6-12, p. l6a, for ears ofcxpEssing posscssion.

J Exercise 28. Let's lolk: poirwork, (chort 5-7)

Work wirh a parlner. Partner B looks at the picrure below and rries to remember what the
women are wearing. Then Partner B closes his/her book. parmer A asks questions by poinring
to an item on pagc 126 and using alrrose. Partners should change roles after four irems.
Exanple:
PAKINER A: Vhose purse is that?
PAR]-\iER B: [t's Rira's.

RⅢ o

Asking Auestions I25

コ lxercise 29.ustening.(Chor'3‐ 7)
● Llstcn to thc ques■ ons and Cirde ulc correct completions
C●。t l WЪ
Oヽ Whose 3 W■ o's WЪ ose ´
Ｄ
 
WЪ o's W■ osc
2. Who's Vhose ,t Who's Wlose ６
WЪ oヽ W hose

コ Exercise 30. Listening. (cho s-7)

′" Listcn to Ihc questions. Decide if the speaker is saying tr,ose or o,ob.
0

Ar old tecation photo

l. whose who's 3. whose whoヽ ５
 

2. whose who's 、
vho's
６

」 ExeFCiSe 31.Worm・ up (chort 5‐ 8)

Match each questlon in ColllEln A wiふ thc corrcct ansverin Column B

Column B
1 How tall is your sister? ａ
 
By bus.
 
2 How old is your brother? Ｏ In five minutes.
-  
 
3 How did you get he!e? ｃ I don\. I only know his sister.
 
ｄ
4 How soon do we need to go? Fifteen.
-  
 
5 Ho* \rell do rcu kno$ Kazu? ｅ Five feet (1.52 meters).

126 cHAPT[R5
Question
I drove. / By car. HorYhas many us€s. On6 us6 ol
I took a tari./ By laxi. ,,ow is to ask aboul m6ans (ways) oi
(a) Howdid you gel here? Itook a bus./ By bus. transportalion.
lll€w./ By plane.
I look a irain. / 8y l€in.
lwalked. / On loot.

(b) How otd arc you? Holv is often used wilh adjeciives
lc) How ta is he1 (e.9., oi4 bU)and adverbs (e.9., we4
(d) Houy brg is yourapa(menl? ll has thr6e rcoms.
le) How sleepy ate yoo?
ll) How hunqryarcyou? l'm slaruing.
(g) Horl soo, willyou be ready?
(h) t ow wel does he speak English?
li) How quickty can you get herc2 I can get lh6r6 in 30 minutes

J Ex€rcise 32. Reodang ond glommor. (chort s-E)

Reed rhe passage about John and rhen answer rhe questions.

Long John

John is 14 years old. He is very rall for his age. He is 6 foot, 6 inches (2 meters). His
friends call him "Inng John." People are surprised ro find out thar he is still a teenager. Both
his parenrs are average heighrr soJohn's hcight sccms unusual.
It causes problems for him, especially when he rravels. Beds h hotels are too short, and
there is never enough leg room on airplanes. He is very uncomfortable. Vrhen he can, he
prefe$ to take a train because he can walk arcund and stretch his legs.

1 How tall is Iohn?

つ
How old is John?

3. How well do you think he sleeps in horels?

4. How comfortable is he on airplanes?

5. How does he like to travel?

Asking Auesfions 127

J Exercise 33. Looking ol glommor. (chort 5-E)
Make questions with llour.

l. At Haw ald ie laur dauahter?

B: Teo. (My daughter is ten years old.)
2. Al
B: Very important. (Education is very important.)
3. A:
B: By bus. (I get to school by bus.)

B: Very, very deep. (The ocean is very, very deep.)

5. A:
B: By plane. (I'm going to get to Buenos Aires by plane.)

B: Nor very. Cfhe test wasn't very difEculr.)

B: It's 29,029 feet high. (Mt. Everest is 29,02S feet high.)i

8. A:
B: I ran. (I rEn here.)

O Exelclse 34. lisiening. (chorls-8)

, Complete the conversations with the words you hear.
Kl
CD l l A: are these eggs?
TI● ￨￨ ,2

B: I just bought them at the Farmers'Market, so they should be fine.

were the tickets?
B: They were 50'% otr.
3, A: was the driver's test?
B: Well,I didnl pass' so that gives you an idea.

is the car?
B: There's dirt on the floor. We need to vacuum it inside.
5, A: is the fi:yine pan?
B: Dont touch it! You'll burn yourself.
is rhe street you live ofl?
B: There is a lot oftrafiic, so we keep the windows closed a lot.
arc you about interviewing for the job?
B: Very- I already scheduled an interview with the company

'29,019 icur 3,a48 meters

I28 CHAPIER 5
」 Exercise 35. Worm-up: Irivio. (cho
5-9)
Match each quesrion in Column A wirh the best answer in Column B.i

Colu![n A Column B
l. How often does the earth go completely a. About six times a yeer.
around the sun? _ b. Severel hundred times s day,
2. How often do the sunmer Olympics c. Once a yesr.
d. Every four years.
3. How ofren do earthquakes occur? _ e. Exactly 22 times a day.
4. How many dmes a year can a healthy
person safely donate blood? _
5. How many times a day do the hands
on a clock overlap? _

Question
How orlen asks aboul lrequency.

(a) How ott6r, do you go shopping?

lb) How many t,,,es e clay do you eal? Olher ways of asking ,or oriar,
How fieny tlmes a week do
Iadav
you go shopping? I a w*t
How fiany tlmaa a month do
hoy metry tlmo, \ e ndth
you go to lhe posl otlice? L".",
t
How metry tl.,es a y6ar do
you lake a vacalion?

Frequancy ExpEa3lona
a lot
occasaonally

day / week / month / year

rEMJ o,Lr &, m..ns "Mondry y.t, Tucsday no, la,edneday ys, Thusday no," er.-
Or rd meds "Epproxim.t.ly."

'5.. Trivi, AM, p. 42r

Asking Oueslions 129

.l Exercise 36. tefs tolk: poinyork. (chort 5-9)
Work with partner. Thke turns asking and answering questions with Hol, ofren ot Ho&t
A
mar.y tirne s a d.at, lueeh lrnonthlteor.
Erdmrler eat lunch at the cafeteda
SPEAKER A: How often do you eat lunch at th€ cafeteria?
SPEAKER B: About twice a week. How ebout you? How often do you eat at the cafeteria?
SPEA(ER A: I don,t. I bring my own lunch.

]. check email
2. listen to podcasts
3. go out to eat
4. cook your owrl dinner
5. buy e toothbrush
6. go swimmiog
7. attend weddirBs
8. do*rrload music ftom the Intemet

O Exercise 37. Reoding ond listoning. (choft s-8 ond 5-9)

A Read the short paragraph about Ben. Then complete the questions with the words you hear.
@
.:"'1, Ben's Sleeping Problem
Ben has a problem with insomnia. He's unable to fell asleep at night very easily. He also
wakes up often in the middle of the night end has uouble getting back to sleep. Bjght now he's
talking to a nurse at a sleep disorders clinic. The nurse is asking him some genesl questions.

1. you?

＾
Ｚ
vou?

3 you weiSh?

.1. In gencral, you sleep at night?

〓
つ you fall asleep?

´
０ you wate up during the night?

′ you in the momings?

8 you exelcise?

9 you feeling right r!ow?

10. you come in for arr ovemight appoinrrnent?

I30 CHAPTER s
J Exercise 38. Worm-up. (chort 5-rO)
Irok at the map and answer rhc questions about flying distances ro these cities.

iri./365km.
774ni./1,25}km.

640nii7r;3oolim.

I. How far is it from I-ondon to Madrid?

2. How many miles is it from bndon ro Paris?
l. How many klometers is it from Paris ro Madrid?

(a) tr is 489 miles from Oslo to Helsinkiby air., Ihe mosl cohmon way oi expressing dislance:
trom Moscow roBeijing. It ls + disterce + lronno + b/lrom

(b),trs3,605miles ,rom Beijing lo Moscow. ln (b): Alllour expressions wilh trom and to hav6 the
to Berlng f/om t\,loscow. same m6aning.
ro Moscow from Aeijing.

How far is it hom Mumbai lo Delhi? How rar s useo io ash quesrions about dtslance
725 miles.
-
How tat clo you live lrcm school?
(d)
-
ｅ How many miles is itlrcm London to Paris? Other ways to ask tow t ri
ｒ
 
How nany yilometets is it to Montreal kom hero? . how nany niles
ｇ How many blocks is itto the post ottice? . how many klometers
. how nany btock

'l hilc L60 Lilonetersi l kilometer o0.ol4 milc

U Exerclse 39. Looking (,t glommor. (chod 5-to)

Make questions wirh lloailfar.
I. A: Hot f-r b ,t fram P.albe b
B: 276 miles. (It's 276 miles ro Prague from Budapesr.)

Asking Questions l3l

 2
B: 257 kilometers. (It's 257 kilometers from Montreal to Quebec.)
3

B: Six blocks. (Itt six blocks from here to the post office.)
4
B: A few miles. (I live a few miles from work.)

J Exelcise 4{r. Looking st gEmmor. (chort 5'10)

it
'Write four questions with florlat and wolds ftom the lisr. Use this modeli Ho@ Jar is
lrom ( ( )? I-ook up the correct distances. Ask orher students vour questions
-),o
the sun - t]le earth Mars
Jupiter Saturn Neptune

」 Exercise 4I. Worm-up. (cho 5-ll)

Complete the scnlences. Then ask thrce different classmates about rheir nighttime routine.
Begin with Ilonr ,ozg does ;a tahe you to . . ? Sharc some of their ans,rers with the class.

l. k takes me minures to get ready for bed.

2. [t takes me minures to brush mv teeth.
3. ft usuallv rakes me minutes/hour(s) to fall asleep.

tr + raKE + lsoMEoN1 + TENGTH oF rlME + rNFlNlrlvE t ta is often used wilh lime words
,t +
and an infinilive lo express length of
(a) It lakes 20 minules llm€, as in (a) and (b).
(b) ,t took An intinilive : lo + the sinple forn ol a

ln (a): lo cook is an inlinitive.

(c) How lorg does it iake lo cook rice? Twenly minules. How long asks abaul length of lne.
(dl How /ong did il lake Al to drive lo work loday? Two houG
(e) How lorg drd you sludy lasl nighl? Fourhouls.
1l) How torg will you be in Hong Kong? Ten davs
Olher ways ol asking lDw rorg;
\g) How fiany days,Nillyou be in Hong Kong?
f minut€s
I no,,"
how mznv + | 0,,"
<

I monttrs
I y""o
rsee Cha l3-f,p.146.

I32 CHAPTER 5
-l Exelcise 42. tel's lqlk: poirwork. (chort 5-l l)
'Work with a partner. Thke tums asking and answering questions usitgia + toke. Share a few
of your answers ivith the class.
L How long does rt take you lo . . .
a. eat breakfast? ' ]t takes me kn uinuks ro eat breakfast.
b. get to class?
c. write a short paragraph in English?
d. read a 300-page book?

2. Generally speaking, how long does it take to . . .

a. fly from (d .try) to (l7 c,,J)?
b. get from here to your hometown?
c. get used to living in a forei$ country?
d. commute ftom (d locat ptace) ro (a kt:at pli,e) during rush hour?

I Exelcise 4:1. Looking ol grommor. (chod s-r r)

Make qu€stions with Ho{, long.

l. A: How lang iidilt take -vau ta ririve to l,ttanbul?

B: Five days. (Ir took me five days to d ve to Islanbul.)

2. A:
B: A $'eek. (Mr. McNally $ill be in rhe hospital for a \(,eek.)

3. A:
B: A long time. (It takes a long time to learn a second language.)

B: Six months. (I've been living here for six months.)

5. A:
B: Six years. (I lived in Oman for sL\ yeafs.)

B: A couple of],ears. (I've known Mr. Pham for a couple ofyears.)

B: Since 2005. (Hc's bccn living ir Canada since 2005.)

Asking Queslions 133

 ded“ ■
● 0"nc
θH:滉T::∬ ぶ留λ
tti駄 ¶e鑑 “
“
c ttcsdon wora Ch。

r_k,1
'ar C°

A bitlldas
l l1 71θ
"t your birhday'
＾
∠
 
lvhen'll youx patty be?
 
３
一
 
uZercA you decide to have it?
 
４
一 Who're yo\t in\.rtIq?

Spoken Only
・ ,ダ わθn3 he oOminO?" ls, ara. doE.s, did, h$, hava and wrrrare usually
・И″
νbSい 。late2・ contracled wilh quesiion wods in speaking,
・ Nha′ ,η these'・
・ ″い0夕 ,they talkng io?"
・ /hen3 thO movie starl?・
I・

・ツソわeret ho lVe?"
・ ″ヽOυ ,ou see?"
・ ″ha′ υ yOu dO?・

・ 1ダ わa′ ●she done?・

・ Wl・ ereb h0 00ne?・
・Ho″ 'ソe yOu been?・
`ツ ′har′ θl done?・

・ //11ere″
・ ,νhen″ thOy
"u be?・
be here?・

(h)″ → whaddaya thnk? what alo you and Whet are you bolh can be reduced
"ardo you
(1) W"arare you → vvhaddaya thinking' to 'whaddaya in spoken English.

$'ritten
(1)レ νわereb EO? Only contracfions wilh wrere, whet, ot vvho + la are
lν hatb thal? cornmonly used in wriling, such as in letters lo Jriends
V"0も he?
ツ or emails. They are ggnerally nol appropriate ia more
formalwritino, such as in magazins articles or

134 CHAP'ER 5
 :I Exercise 45. listening, (chqn s-t2)
, Lisren to the conEactions in rhese ouesttons.
(,
,..D.,, l. V&e!e is mykey? 8. Why is the teacher absent?
2. Il'here are my ke]s? 9. Who is rhat?
3. \X/ho are those people? 10. Why did you say that?
4. Vrhat is in that box? I l.
Who did you ralk to ar the parry?
5. What arc you doing? 12. How are we going to get ro work?
6- Where did Bob go las. nighr? 13. Whar did you say?
7. V,ho will be ar the party? 14. How will you do that?

J Exerciso 45. Lislening. (chod 5-12)

e Complete the sentences with rhe words you hear. Write the non-contracred forms.
@
r.1," On an alrplaoe
E ample: you willhear: When's rhe plane land?
You will wrire: When does ldte plane land?

１
you going to sit with?
２
you gohg to get your suitcase under the seat?
３
the llight attendant just say?
４
we need to put our seat beks back on?
５
the plane descending?
６
we going down?
７
the pilot tell us what's going on?
８
meet you wheo you land?
９
our connecting flight?
０
we get fiom the airport to our hotel?

J Exercise 47, Lislening. (Chori s-r2)

2 Complete the quesrions wirh rhe rvords you hear. w'rire rhe non-conracred forms.
cd,
.,,D '- A mother talling to her teenage daughter
１
going?
 

２
going with?
 

３
that?
４

 
known him?
５
meet him?

Askhg Queslions I35

 ６ go to school?

７ a good student?

８ be back?

９ wearing that out6t?

０ giving me thst look?

１ asking so many questions?

Because I love you!

her€ise 46. Uslening. (chort 5-12)

コ Listen folms of the words you hear.
＾ to the questions and circle the coffect non-reduced
Ｃ Eraflrk. Yotr willhear: Whaddaya went,---- - --\
一
¨ You will choose: $Yhat are you q199

1. Vhat are you What do you

2. Vhat are you \Yy'hat do you
3. What are you What do you
4. \Yy'hat are you What do you
5. What are you \vhat do you
6. !(/hat are you 'What do you

7. Vhat are you What do you

8. !?hat are you What do you

コ Exercise 49. Worm-up. (chort 5-13)

Palr t Both sentences in each pair are grammatically correct. \yy'hich question in each pair do
you think is more common in sPoken English?

l. a. How do you spell "Hawa "

b. What is the spelling for "Hawaii?"
2. a. How do you pronounce G-A-R-A_G-E?
b. What is the pronunciation for G-A_R-A-G-E?

Por, /L Which two questions have the same meaning?

1. How are you doing?

2. How's it going?
3. How do you do?

I36 CHAPTER s
 Question
，
ａ How do you sFll"cominq? C-O-M-|-N-G To answer (a): Spelllhe word.
り How clo you say"yet in Japanese? Hai. To anslver (b): Say lhe word.
ｃ＞ How do you say lponource lhis word? To an$/er (c): Pronounce ihe word.

- ln (d), (e), and (0: How is your lile? ls your liie

okay? Do you have any problems?
NorE: Example (f) is also used in greetings: H,,
Bob- How s it 9oin9?

Tefiilicl The queslions in (g) ask aboul health or aboul

genera emoliona slate.
Gleatl
Fine.
lgJ How do you feet?
How are you feeling? Okay.
So-so.
A bit under lhe wealher
Not so good.
Teniblel / Lousy- / AMull

lh) How do you do? How do you do? is used by two speakeG
when they meel each olherlor lhe lirsl lime in a
somewhai formal silualion, as n (h).'
rA: Ir, Etic|1bn, lU lihe to intudue rou to a Jri.nd ol nin., Ril B@a. Ri.k, &n n nr biol,p ?nlsd,Ir- Eti.tn.
B: Htu do )au do, Mr Bttunl
C: Htu do roa do, D. Etnasd? I'n rLaed,o n.et )ot.

D Exercls€ 50. Gome. (chort 5-t3)

Divide into two teams. Thke turns spelling the words your reache, gives you. The team with
the most correct answers wins. Your book is closed.

Exampl2: cotJnty
TEACHER: How do you spel "country"?
TEAM A: C-O-U-N-'ER-Y
TEACHER: Good. (If.he a$roer ;s inanect, the othet team gets a fiy.)

l. together 7. beginning
2. people 8.intelligent
3. daughter 9.Mississippi
4. beautitul 10. purple
5. foreign ll. rained
6. neighbor 12. different

Askang Auostlons 137

tr Exercbe 51. Lefs tolk. (chod 5-r3)
lwalk around the room and ask your classmates how to say each item in another languaae
Oapanese, Arabic, German, French, Korean, etc). If someone doesn't know, ask another
person. Use this questiorJt Holt do you say ( in ( )?

Exanple: -\
SPEAKER A: How do you say "yes" in French?
SPEA(ER B: "Yes" in French rs "oui."
1 No. 3. Okay. 5. Good-bye.
2. Thank you. 4. How are you? 6. Excuse me.

I Exercise 52. Worm-up. (chort 5-14)

In the conversetion, the speakers are making suSgestions. IJgdglliDq 6eir suggestions.
A: kt's invite the Thompsons over for dinner.
B: Good idea! How about next Sunday?
A: Irt's do it sooner. What about this Saturday?

(a) A: Ws n66d one more player. How about and what about have lhe same meaning
B: llow about/What about Jack? and usage, They are used to make suggeslions or
Lel's ask him il he wants lo play.
(b) A: what lims should we meet? tlow about and flt'6? at oul are iollowed by a noun
B; How about/What about thrcc o'clock? (or pronoun) or lhe -rng lorm of a verb (gerund).

(c) NorE: How about and what ,boul are lrequently used
A: Whal should we do this atlernoon?
in informalspoken English, bul are usually not used in
B: How about going to the zoo?
witing.
(d) A: what ebout asking Sally clr'er lor dinner nexl
Sunday?
a: Okay. Good idea.

A: I'mlted. How about you? How about you? and What aboulyou? ae usedlo
B: Yes, l'm tir6d loo. ask a question thal relers lo lhe informalion or
quesrion rhai mmediately preceded il.
(f) A: Are you hungry?
B'. No. what about you? ln le): How about you? = Ate You tircd?
A: l'm a lattle hungry tr lll: what about you? = Arc you hungry?

u Exercis€ 5.i. Grommor ond lislening. (cho 5-14)

Choose the besr response, Then listen to each conversation and check your answel.
da
^
"""" s"**a* 4, what are you going to do over vacatron?
SPEAKER B: I'm staving here.
!0[hat about you?
SPEAKER A: a. Yes,l will. I have a lacation too.
@ I'm going to Jordan to visit my sister.
c. I did too.

138 CHAPTER 5
 1. A: Did you like the movie?
B: It was okay,I guess. How ebout you?
A: a. I thought it was pretty good.
b. I'm sure.
c. I saw it last night.
2. A: Are you going to the company party?
B: I haven't decided yet. Vrhat about you?
A: a. I didn't know that.
b. Why aren't you going?
c. I think I will.
3. A: Do you like living in this city?
B: Sort of. How about you?
A: a. I'm living in the city.
b. I'm not sure. Iis pretry noisy.
c. Yes, I have been.
4. A: What are you going to have?
B: Well, I'm not really hungry I think I might order just a salad. How about you?
A: a. I'll have one too.
b. I'm earing at a restaurant.
c. No,I'm not.

J Ex€rcise 54. tel's lolk poirwolk. (chort 5-r4)

rvork with a partner. The given questions are common wa]s to begin casual conversalions or
mske "small talk." Partner A asl.s the question and Partner B answers. Borh speakers look ar
each orher. not the book. \rhen speaking,

E azpler 'Vy'hat kind ofbooks do you like to read?

PAR'INER A: What kind of boolc do you like to read?
PARTNER B: I like biographies. How about you?
PARTNER A: Thrillers are my favorite.
l. How long have you been ,jn,l]g in (this city ot counry)?
2. $/hat ere you going to do after class today?
3. !0hat kind of movies do you like to watch?
Chonge robs.
4. Do you come fiom a lalge family?
5. V/hat kind of sports do you enjoy?
6. Do you speak a lot of English outside ofclass?

tr Exorcis€ 55. Worm-up. (chort 5-15)

\tyhat is the erpeslerl response? Circle
J€s of'lo.

l. You're studying English, arenl you? yes no

2. You're not a native speaker ofEnglish, are you? yes

Asking Oueslions 139

(a)」 l iS SiCk,fs,lsわ θ? A lag question is a queslion ihal is
(b)You didnt knO″ dld/ctl, added onlo the end ol a senience.
(C)Theret enough lme lsn l● er, An auxiliary vetu is used in a tag
(d)rm nOt ate,am′ ,
(。 )lm ate aren″ ? Norice rhat l rr, becomes rrEn't l
in a negaiive lag, as in (e). (Am /
nolis also possible, bui it is very

A6t:Edv€ (+) Nesative (-) Amrmatlve When the main verb is allirmative,
Expected Allstcr lhe iag question is negalive, and
yes
ld) You knowBitt. ihe erpected answer agrees wiih
(e) Marie is lrom Paris, yes

Nesative ( ) Aflirmative(+) Nesative When lhe main velb ls negalive, the

tag queslion is affirmativs, and the
(イ)ン Oυ dOn■ 々″Ow Tom, doン ου? exp€cled answer agrees wilh lhe
(9)ν a″ θ lS'■ from Athens, ls sわ θ?

THE SPEIIKER'S QUESTIOT..

Tag questions have two types of intonalion: rising and ralling. The
メ intonation determines the meaning oJ lhe lag.
一
(h)n wi be n celomorrow,wり ″■rt? A speaker uses risrng intonalion lo make sure intormalion is correct, ln
(h): the speaker has an ideaithe speaker is chec{ng to see il lhe idea
ヽ
、
(1)IW“ lbe n cetOmorrcl wo"',lt? Fallrng inlonaiion is used when the speaker is seeking agreement. ln (i):
the speakerlhinks ii willbe nice lomorrow and is almosi cenain lhe

￨。(i)i The speaker has no idea The speakeris simply looking lor
(j) - Will il be nic6 tomorrou/? nlormation
Ye., it wlll. oA No, it won t. Compare(い )and o)Wnh o)
-

ロ Exercise 56. Lislening ond grommor. (chorl 5-15)

Listen to each pair ofsentences and answer the question.
0^
l. a. You're MIs. Ros€, aren't you?
b. Are you Mrs. Rose?
QuEsnoN: In which sentence is the speaker checkilg to see ifher information is correct?

2. a. Do you take cream with your coffee?

b. You take cream with your coffee, don\ you?
QuEsrtoN: In vrhich senrence does the speake! have ro idea?
3. a. You don't want to l€ave, do you?
b. Do you want to leave?
QuEsrIoN: In which sentence is the speaker looking for agreement?

140 cHAPT[R5
-la" Exercise 57. Grommor ond lislening. (Chorr S-r5)
Complete the tag questions wirh rhe correct verbs. Then lisren to the quesrions and check
@ vour answers.

l Simple Pr:esert
a. You /.Ae strong coffee, aon't \orr?
b. David j.oes to Ames High School, he?

c. I-eila and Sam ,z,e on Tree Road, they?

d. Jane lrds the keys ro rhe storeroom,
e. Janet in her office, she,
f. You'r, a member ofthis class, you?
g. Oleg.Jorrr" have a ca., he?

h. Lisa ,srt ftom around here, she,

i. In in trouble,

2 . Simple Past
a. Paul .L,err to Indoncsia, hc,

b. You drCrl rd& to the boss, you?

c. Ted's parents u.,er€n'r at home, thcv,
d. Thar s,as Pat's idea,

:). Present Progressive, Be GoinETb, Past Progressive

^nd,
a. You're st dfms' hard, vou?
b. Creg ,;,', &orfrrna at the bank, he?

c. lt isn't going to rain rodzy,

d. Michelle andYoko rlsre ,eh,n& they?
e. He wasn't listening, hc,

4. Present Perfect
a- It,,,ar 6ee, warmer than usual, ir?
b. You'ae &ad a lor ofhomework, vou?
c. We haz)en't spe t m\ch rimc rogether,
d. Fatima l,ar sra,"red her new job, sht・ ,

e. BrurIo dsr t/inrrcd his salcs report yet, he?

f. Steve's had to leate early, hc,

Asking Qu€slions Ial

I Exercise 58, [et's tqlk: poi]work. (chorl s-ls)
Work with a partner. Make true statements for your parmer to agree with. Remember, if your
partner makes an affirmative statement bcfore the tag, the expected answer is "yes." If your
partner makes a oegative statement before the tag, the expected answer is "no."

l. The weatier is todar_, isn\ it?

2. This book costs

3. I',m , aren\ I?

4. The classroom isnl , is it?

5. Our g&mmar homework wasn't

6. 'lbmorrow will be

u Exorcise 59. Listening. (chort s-15)

F Listen to the tag questions and choose the expected responses.
@
,::'*:, Checkina in at a hotel
Eramrle.' You will hear: Our room's ready, isnl it?
You will choose: 6e]
\..-/ no

l. yes no 6. Yes no
2. yes no 7. yes no
3. yes no 8. yes
4. yes no 9. yes no
5. yes no 10. Yes no

f, Exercis€ 60, Check your knovledge' (chopter s)

Edit the sentences. Corect the errors in question formation.
l. Who you saw? - lYho didyou su?

2. Where I buy subway tickets?

3. Whose is that backpack?

4. What kind of tea you like best?

5. It's fteezing out and you're not wearing gloves' aren't you?

6. Who you studied with at school?

7. She is going to work this weekend, doesn't she?

8, How long take to get to the airport from here?
9. How much height your father hsve?
10. It's midnight. Why you so late? Why you forget to call?

I42 cH^mR 5
 -.1 Exercis€ 6I. Lislening. (chopter 5)
a Polt 1. Listen ro the questii)ns and choose fie correcr ans$crs.
(o
j',\.',',, E t pb: You $ill hear: Hou often do,vou brush vour rcrth?
You \r'ill choose: ,. Three times , d.!
b Ye., I do.
(. In rhe evening.
l. a. Iloveir. 4. a. Tlvo milcs.
b. Jazz and rock. b. Threc blocks.
c. The radio- c. Ten minutcs.
2. r. I \r.as really tired. 5. a. Am_v is.
b. At 7:10. b. Am,v's.
c. A package. c. Thar is Am!.
l. a. A lide sick. 6. a. Ne(r lveek.
b. No,I'm not- b. A ferv days ago.
c. Ho$'ard's fine. c. On Fifrh Srrcct.
Pal, /L Listen to each convcrsarion and choosc the senrencc rhar best compleles rr.
7. a. My waller. 9. a. Yes,Iam.
b. Ai the box oflicc. b. My company is moving ro anorher ciry.
c. I think so. c. I lovcd m_v job.
8. a. It usuall,v comcs by noon- 10. a. ICs grear.
b. Bv truck. b. I'm ,r consrrucrion supervisor.
c. One time a dar. c. V/e're doing rcallv well.

J Exercise 62. Lel's lislen ond lolk: poirwork. (choprer 5)

a l-isten to the conversatjon. Then $ork $'ifi a panner. Take
(C cr"torn".. Compleie the sentcnccs $ith irems ftom rhe menuturns being the cashier and rhc
and praciice rhe conversarron.

burger chicken strips soft dtttkst cola,lemofl soda,;ced tea

cheeseburger fish burger milkshakes: oafiilla, srrawbefty chocolate
double cheeseburger veggie buger (sna ,nedium,larse)
tics salad

Ordering at a fast-food restaur.a[t

CASHIER: So, whar'll ir be?
CusToMrR: I'll have a
CASHTER: Would you like fries or a salad with your burger?
Cus'roMER: I'll have (a)
CASHTER: What size?
CusroM!R:
CASHIER: An}.rhing to drink?
CusroMER: I'll have a
CASHTER: Size ?

Asking Oueslions 143

 CusroltER:
CASHIER: Okas So thafs

CusroMER: About how long'll it take?

CASHTER: Ve're pretty crowded right now. Probably l0 minutes or so. ThaCll be $6.50.
Your number's on the receipt. I'll call the number wheD your ord€r's ready
CusloMER: Thanks.

」 Exelciso 63. lel's reod ond wdle. (choplers I ' 5)

Ibrr L Read rhe fairy tale and answer the questions at the end.
The Frog Prince

Once upon a time, there was a king with three unmarried daughters. One day while the
king was thinking about his daughters' futures, he had an idea. He thought, "I'm going to drop
three iewels among the young men in the village c€nter. The men who 6ndr the iewels will
become my daughte$' husbands." He announced his plan to all of the people ofhis kingdom.
'Ille next day, the king took an emerald, a ruby, arld e diamond into the village. He walked
among the young men and dropped the jewels. A handsome man picked up the emerald. Then
a wealthy prince found th€ ruby. But a frog hopped toward the diamond and took it He said
ro rhe king, "I am the Frog Prince. I claim your third daughter as my wfe."

Whcn the king toldTrina, his third daushtcr, abour rhe Frog Prince, she refused to marrv
him. She hid from her friends and grew saddcr every da]'. Mcanwhile, her two sisrers had
grand weddings.

*The simple prcsen! is used here b€.ausc th. fory is sivins th. Lins's qact words in 6 quotarion, Notic' rhd quotad6' mark
("-..").r€ *cd. S.. Chari 14 8, p. 0o0. for moF infomation .bout quotaii.ns.

I44 cHAmR s
 Eventuelly,Trifla ran away and went to live in the woods, bur she was very lonely and
unhappy. One dayTrina went swimming in a lake. Trina became tired in the cold water and
decided to give up. She didn't want to Iive anymore- As she was drowning, the ftog suddenly
appeared and pushedTrina to the shore.
"Why did you save my life, Frog?"
"Because you are very young, and you have a lot to live for."
"No,I dont," seid the princess. "I am rhe most miserable person in the world."
"kt's telk abour it," said the frog. Trioa and the Frog Prince sat together for hous and
hours. Frog listened and understood. He told her about his own unhappiness and loneliness.
They shaled their deepest feelings with each other.
One day while th€y were sitting near rhe lateJTrina felt grear affecrion for the ftog. She
bent down and kissed him on his forehead. Suddenly rhe fiog tulned into a man! He took
Trina in his arms and said, "You saved me with your kiss. An evil wizard changed me ftom a
prince into a frog. I needed to find dre love ofa woman with a uuly good hearr to set me ftee.r
You looked inside me and found the real me."
Trina and the prince returned to the casde and got married. Her rwo sisters, she
discovered, were very unhappy because their husbands treated them poorly. Bu( Trina and her
Frog tuince lived happily ever after.

Questions:
l. Vhqt did the king want for his daughters?
2. Why did a frog claimTrina for his wife?
3. What didTrina do to escape the mariage?
4. Where did she meet the ftog again?
5. Why did she kiss the ftog?
6. What did an evil wizard do to the ftog?
7. rt(/hat kind oflives did her sisreE have?
8. luhat kind of life did Trina and $e Frog Prince have?

Par,l/. Write a story tharbegins A.ce utton a arrre. Use one ofthe given topics.
Topis:
l. Read the story again and then retell it in your own words. Write one or two paragraphs.
Do not look at the story when you wrire.

2. lSfrite a fairy tale that you are familiar with, perhaps one that is well known in your cuhue.

3. Create a story with your classmates, Each student w tes one or two sentences ar a rime.
One student begins the story. Then he or she passes the paper oo to anotler student, who
then writes a sentence or two and passes the paper on until everyone in the class has
had a chance to write part ofthe story, or until the story has aD ending. This srory can
then be reproduced for the class to edit togethet. The class may wanr to add art and
"publish" the 6nal product as a small book.

'J.r,./@ = 8iE mc hy &..doh

asking ausslions 145