Scribd
Upload
117 views9 pages

13-Time Complexity For Recursive Algorithms-10!04!2023

The document discusses recursion and recurrence relations for different recursive algorithms: 1. A simple recursive function test(n) that prints n and recursively calls itself with n-1. This has a time complexity of O(n) as it prints and calls the function n times. 2. A modified test(n) function that prints inside a loop from 0 to n-1 before recursively calling. This has a time complexity of O(n^2) as the number of operations increases quadratically with n. 3. A dividing recursive function test(n) that calls itself with n/2. This has a time complexity of O(logn) as it divides n by half in each recursive call

Uploaded by

Praveena Sureshkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
117 views9 pages

13-Time Complexity For Recursive Algorithms-10!04!2023

The document discusses recursion and recurrence relations for different recursive algorithms: 1. A simple recursive function test(n) that prints n and recursively calls itself with n-1. This has a time complexity of O(n) as it prints and calls the function n times. 2. A modified test(n) function that prints inside a loop from 0 to n-1 before recursively calling. This has a time complexity of O(n^2) as the number of operations increases quadratically with n. 3. A dividing recursive function test(n) that calls itself with n/2. This has a time complexity of O(logn) as it divides n by half in each recursive call

Uploaded by

Praveena Sureshkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Recursion

void test (int n)


{]

if (n>0)
{
printf("%d",n);
test(n-1);
}
}

n=3

recursion tree

test(3)

test(2)
3

2 test(1)

1 test(0)

n=3

for printf = 3 for recursive call 3+1

for n=5

printf =5 for recursive call 5+1

for n

printf =n for recursive call n+1

n+n+1= O(n)
Recurrence relation for the above algorithm

T(n)= { 1 n=0

{ T(n-1) +1 n>0

T(n) = T(n-1) + 1 ------- 1

Back substitution method or Induction method

T(n-1) = T(n-2) +1

substitute in eqn 1

T(n) = T(n-2)+2

sub T(n-2) in eq 1

T(n-2)= T(n-3) + 3

now T(n) = T(n-3) +3

continue for k times

T(n) = T(n-k) + k

Assume n-k =0

therefore n=k

T(n) = T(n-n) +n

= T(0) +n

= 1+n

T(n) = O (n)

void test (int n)


{
if (n>0)
{
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("%d",n);
}
test(n-1);
}
}

Recursion tree method

T(n)

n T(n-1)

n-1 T(n-2)

n-2 T(n-3)

T(2)
2 T(1)

1 T(0)

0+1+2+...................+n-1+n = n(n+1)/2

=O(n^2)

Substitution method

T(n) = T(n-1) +n --- eqn 1

T(n-1)=T(n-2) + n-1

subs in eqn 1

T(n) = [ T(n-2)+n-1] +n

= T(n-2) + (n-1) +n -------eqn 2

T(n-2) = T(n-3) + (n-2)

subs in eqn 2

T(n) = [T(n-3) + (n-2) ] + (n-1) +n

= T(n-3) + (n-2) + (n-1) + n

continue for k times

= T(n-k) + T( n-(k-1)) + T(n-(k-2)) +........+ (n-1) +n

n-k=0
n=k

= T(n-n) + T(n-n+1) + T(n-n+2) +...........+ (n-1) +n

= T(0) + T(1) + T(2) +.................................+ (n-1) +n

T(n) = T(0)+ 1+2+3+.............................+ (n-1) +n

T(n)=1+n(n+1)/2

= O(n^2)

Dividing function

Algorithm test (int n)

if (n>1)

printf( "%d" ,n);

test (n/2);

T(n) = T(n/2) +1

Recurrence Relation

T(n) = { 1 n=1

{ T(n/2) +1 n>1

Recursion tree method


T(n)

1 T(n/2)

1 T(n/2^2)

1 T(n/2^3)

1
T(n/2^k)

total k steps

n/2^k=1

n= 2^k

k= log n [base 2]

Substitution Method

T(n) = T(n/2) +1 ------------------- 1


T(n/2) = T(n/2^2) + 1

substitute in eqn 1

T(n) = [ T(n/2^2) +1 ] + 1

T(n) = T(n/2^2) + 2

= T3(n/2^3) + 3

continue for k times

T(n) = T(n/2^k) + K

Assume n/2^k = 1

n= 2^k

k= log n [base 2]

T(n) = T(1) + log n

= 1 + log n

= log n [base 2]

Algorithm test (int n)

if (n>1)

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

//stmts; }

test (n/2);

test (n/2);
}

T(n) = 2T(n/2) + n

Recurrence Relation

T(n) = { 1 n=1

{ 2T(n/2) + n n>1

tree method

T(n)

T(n/2) T(n/2) n

n/2 n/2

n/2^2 n/2^2 n/2^2 n/2^2

n/2^3 n/2^3 n/2^3 n/2^3 n/2^3 n/2^3 n/2^3 n/2^3

continue for k times

n/2^k .............................................. n/2^k

totallly for eac step n. k times


n/2^k=1

n= 2^k

k = log n [base2]

so O(nlogn)

induction method

T(n) = 2T(n/2) + n ------ 1

T(n/2) = 2T(n/2^2) + n/2

subs in eqn 1

T(n) = 2 [ 2T(n/2^2) + n/2] + n

= 2^2 T(n/2^2) +n + n

= 2^2 T(n/2^2) +2n

T(n/2^2) = 2T(n/2^3) + n/2^2

= 2^2[ 2T(n/2^3) +n/2^2] + 2n

= 2^3 T (n/2^3) +n+2n

continue for k times

= 2^k T(n/2^k) +kn

n/2^k = 1 -> 2^k = n -> k = log n [base 2]

= n T(1) + n.log n

= n+ nlogn

= O(nlogn)

You might also like