Dogs

Jonas D. Resurreccion
Nature
NSTP 2 Finals

June 11, 2023

ANSWER SHEET:
1. Give the scientific name of the dog family - A dog is a domestic mammal of the family Canidae and
the order Carnivora. Its scientific name is Canis lupus familiaris. Dogs are a subspecies of the gray wolf, and
they are also related to foxes and jackals. Dogs are one of the two most ubiquitous and most popular domestic
animals in the world.

2. Name five distinctive characteristics of the dog family

i. Canines have 42 teeth

ii. They walk on their toes
iii. They have four claws on their hind feet, and five on the front.
iv. They do not choose the food according to taste, but according to their smell.
v. They have two coats - an outer coat of coarse hair, and an inner coat of fine hair.

3. Identify from pictures or personal observation five wild members of the dog family

- The wolf, also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to
Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus have been
recognized, including the dog and dingo, though gray wolves, as popularly
understood, only comprise naturally-occurring wild subspecies.

- The African wild dog, also known as the painted dog or Cape hunting dog, is a
wild canine native to sub-Saharan Africa. Characteristic features include: large
rounded ears, long legs, a bushy, broadly white tipped tail and a hairy coat with
blotches of black, yellow and white.

- The coyote is a species of canine native to North America. It is smaller than its
close relative, the wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf
and red wolf. Coyotes are medium in size. They have pointed muzzles and long,
brushy tails. Their coats are usually a mixture of tan, black, and gray, but can range
from black to strawberry blond. The average Eastern adult coyote weighs 30 to 35
pounds, with males being heavier than females.
 - The red fox is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed
members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern
Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe and Asia, plus parts of North
Africa. It is listed as least concern by the IUCN. The red fox is best identified by
its reddish coat, black legs and ears, and long, white-tipped, bushy tail. It has an
elongated muzzle, pointed ears, and a white underside.

- The dingo is an ancient lineage of dog found in Australia. Its taxonomic classification
is debated as indicated by the variety of scientific names presently applied in
different publications. The dingo can stand more than 60cm high and weigh
between 13–23kg, depending on its geographic location. Dingoes are naturally
lean like a greyhound, with large ears permanently pricked and tails often marked
with a white tip. Although mainly sandy-yellow in colour, some dingoes may also
be black and tan.

4. Identify from pictures or personal observation 25 different breeds of dogs.

Afghan Hound - The Afghan Hound is a very old sighthound dog breed. Distinguished by its thick, fine, silky
coat and its tail with a ring curl at the end, the breed acquired its unique features in the cold mountains of
Afghanistan, where it was originally used to hunt wolves, foxes, and gazelles.

German Shepherd - German Shepherds (or Alsatians) are highly intelligent, agile and well-suited to active
working environments. They are often deployed in various roles such as police work, guarding, Search and
Rescue, Therapy and in the military. They can also be found working as guide dogs for the blind. Despite their
suitability for such work, German Shepherds can also make loyal and loving pets inside the home. They enjoy
being around people and other animals.

Golden Retriever - The Golden Retriever is a popular breed of dog, originally developed to retrieve downed
fowl during hunting. It is one of the most common family dogs as it is easy to handle, very tolerant and
normally very happy and friendly. They are a low-maintenance dog and thrive on attention, regular exercise, a
balanced diet, and regular veterinary check-ups. Golden Retrievers are usually compatible with all people and
other dogs. And they are also very smart dogs. Love playing around and having someone there with them.

Siberian Husky - The Siberian Husky is a working dog breed that originated in eastern Siberia. The Siberian
Husky is a medium-sized dog. Siberian Huskies are a resilient breed; known for their ability to thrive in the
arctic cold, they can work and live in temperatures as low as negative 75 degrees Fahrenheit (-60ºC). They
were originally bred by the Chukchi tribes for use as a village dog to accomplish such tasks as pulling sleds.

Beagle - A Beagle is a medium-sized dog breed and a member of the hound group, similar in appearance to a
Foxhound but smaller with shorter legs, and with longer, softer ears. Beagles are scent hounds used
primarily for tracking deer, bear, and other game. They are a loyal breed and most often very well
tempered. Beagles love exercise and being around people.

Border Collie - The Border Collie is a hard-working breed of herding dog that originated in the border
country of England and Scotland. They are regarded by many as the most intelligent dog breed. Like most
working dogs, Border Collies are highly energetic, and as a result have a tendency towards neurotic or
destructive behavior if not given enough to do. They are still frequently used on farms all over the world for
assisting with the handling of livestock. Though known to be reserved with strangers, these dogs can also be
protective of a human family member and affectionate to those they know.

Rough Collie - The Rough Collie is a breed of dog developed originally for herding in Scotland. It is well
known because of the works of author Albert Payson Terhune, and was popularized in later generations by
the Lassie novel, movies, and television shows.

Smooth Collie - The Smooth Collie is a breed of dog developed originally for herding. It is a short-coated
version of the Rough Collie of Lassie fame. Some breed organizations consider the smooth-coat and rough-
coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.

Boxer - Boxers are a breed of stocky, medium-sized, short-haired dog with a smooth fawn or brindled coat
and square-jawed muzzle. Boxers have very strong jaws and a powerful bite. The character of the Boxer is of
the greatest importance and demands the most careful attention. He is renowned for his great love and
faithfulness to his master and household, his alertness, and fearless courage as a defender and protector.
The Boxer is docile but distrustful of strangers. He is bright and friendly in play but brave and determined
when roused. His intelligence and willing tractability, his modesty, and cleanliness make him a highly
desirable family dog and cheerful companion.

Bulldog - The bulldog is a relatively small but stocky breed, with a compact body and short, sturdy limbs. Its
shape results in a waddle-like gait. Bulldogs are known for their short muzzles and the saggy skin on their
faces, creating the apparent "frown" that has become a trademark of the breed. Bulldogs come in a variety
of colors and ideally have a smooth, short coat.

Dalmatian - The Dalmatian is a breed of dog, noted for its white coat with either black or liver spots. Today
the Dalmatian serves as a fire house mascot, but back in the days of horse-drawn fire carts, they provided a
valuable service. Dalmatians and horses are very compatible, so the dogs were easily trained to run in front
of the engines to help clear a path and quickly guide the horses and firefighters to the fires and sometimes
used as rescue dogs to locate victims in burning structures.

Saluki - The Saluki is a breed of dog that is a member of the sighthound family, that is, hounds that hunt by
sight rather than scent. The Saluki is one of the oldest dog breeds known, and originally came from the
Middle East, where it was used (and is still used to some extent) by the Bedouins for hunting hare and
gazelle.

Saint Bernard - The St. Bernard Dog is a large breed of dog originally bred for rescue and as a working dog. A
full-grown male can weigh between 150 and 220 lb (68 and 100 kg). The Saint Bernard is known for its
loyalty and vigilance and is tolerant of both children and animals. Because of these traits, it has become a
family dog. They also make good watchdogs, as their size can be intimidating to strangers, though their
temperament is gentle.

Great Dane - The Great Dane's large and imposing appearance belies its friendly nature; the breed is often
referred to as a gentle giant. Great Danes are generally well-disposed toward other dogs, other non-canine
pets, wild animals, and humans (including strangers and children). However, some Great Danes have
dominance issues, are aggressive with other dogs of the same sex, or chase small animals.

Basenji - The Basenji is a breed of hunting dog that originates in central Africa. It is considered by some,
particularly in North America, to be a member of the sighthound family. The Basenji produces an unusual
yodel-like sound, due to its unusually shaped larynx. Although Basenjis do not bark per se, they can mimic
sounds, and thus are able to mimic barks if raised among barking dogs. In behavior and temperament they
have some traits in common with cats.

Bernese Mountain dog - The “Berner” is instantly recognized by its distinctive tricolor pattern: body, neck,
legs, head and ears black; cheeks, stockings and eyespots rich tan, toes, chest, muzzle, tail tip and blaze
between the eyes white. The pattern is rigid and varies only slightly in the amount of white. The eyes are an
expressive dark brown.

Borzoi - The Borzoi is a breed of dog also called the Russian Wolfhound. They have medium-length, slightly
curly hair and are similar in shape to Greyhounds. They are a member of the sighthound family. Borzoi can
come in any color or color combination. As a general approximation, "long haired greyhound" is a useful
description.

Whippet - Whippets are generally quiet and gentle dogs, content to spend much of the day sleeping. They
are not generally aggressive towards other animals, and although especially attached to their owners, they
are friendly to visitors. They are not prone to snapping, so they are good with young children. Because of
their friendly nature they have often been known to be used in aged care facilities.

Australian Shepherd - The Australian Shepherd is a working dog that was developed in the United States in
the 19th century. The dog, commonly known as an Aussie, is popular in its native California and is growing
in popularity in countries across the world. Contrary to its name, the breed did not originate in Australia.
Like all working breeds, the Aussie has considerable energy and drive and usually needs a job to do. It often
excels at dog sports such as frisbee and dog agility.

Hungarian Vizsla - The Hungarian Vizsla, pronounced VEEZH-la (zh as in vision), is a dog breed originating in
Hungary. Vizslas are known as excellent hunting dogs, and also have a level personality making them suited
for families.

Dachshund - The dachshund is a short-legged, elongated dog breed of the hound family. The breed was
developed to scent, chase, and hunt badgers and other hole-dwelling animals. Due to the long, narrow
build, they are sometimes referred to in the United States and elsewhere as a wiener dog, hot dog, or
sausage dog, though such terms are sometimes considered disparaging.

Greyhound - The Greyhound is a breed of dog used for companionship, coursing game and racing. It is
commonly thought to be the third fastest land mammal, next to the pronghorn antelope and the cheetah; a
combination of long, powerful legs, deep chest and aerodynamic build allows it to reach speeds of up to 72
km/h (45 mph), in less than one and a half seconds, or within 5-6 strides. However, the Pronghorn Antelope
is quite a bit faster than the Greyhound.

Harrier - The Harrier is a small dog breed of the hound class, used for hunting rabbits ("hares"). It resembles
a foxhound but is smaller. A humorous, yet fairly accurate short-hand description of a Harrier is that of "a
Beagle on steroids." It is a muscular hunting hound with a short, hard coat. It has large bones for stamina
and strength.

Labrador Retriever - The Labrador Retriever ("Labrador" or "Lab" for short), is one of several kinds of
retriever, and is the most popular breed of dog (by registered ownership) in both the United States and the
United Kingdom. The breed is exceptionally friendly, intelligent, energetic and good natured, making them
excellent companions and working dogs. Labrador Retrievers respond well to praise and positive attention.
5. Name five contributions the dog family has made to man

i. Companion animals.
ii. Seeing-eye dogs help the blind gain independence.
iii. Dogs herd cattle, sheep and other livestock.
iv. Watchdogs protect property (and their owners).
v. Sled dogs are used as transportation.

6. Give the name of the smallest and largest breed of dog.

The smallest breed of dog is the Chihuahua. Many breeds can claim to be the "largest" depending on how
"largest" is defined. The tallest is the Irish Wolfhound, but it is outweighed by the Mastiff, the Great Dane, and
the Saint Bernard. The heaviest of these is the Saint Bernard.

7. Write or describe orally the value to man of the following dogs:

a. Seeing-eye - guide dogs are assistance dogs trained to lead blind or visually impaired people around
obstacles
b. Saint Bernard - The ancestors of the St. Bernard are the herding dogs of Swiss farmers as well as
hunting dogs and watchdogs. Their history has also been connected with the hospice at the Great St.
Bernard Pass.
c. Shepherd - A shepherd dog is a type of domestic dog whose original purpose was to herd or guard
sheep, though they have been used for other types of livestock as well. A herding dog will keep a herd
or flock of animals together and help a farmer direct them from one place to another (such as from a
sheep fold to a pasture). They will also guard livestock from predators.
d. Collie - Collies are a type of shepherd dog. Some say the Border Collie is the most intelligent breed of
dog.
e. Eskimo - The Eskimo Dog, otherwise known as the Qimmiq (Inuit for "dog"), or what is considered to
be the more culturally sensitive Canadian Inuit Dog, is a larger breed of Arctic dog commonly found
pulling sleds for their Inuit counterparts. However, as snowmobiles tend to be faster and more efficient,
the Eskimo Dog is now a rare breed.
8. Write or tell what special contribution dogs have made to man in wartime

Dogs have been used by the military since ancient times. They have been used:

 To sniff out landmines

 To carry messages
 As sentries
 As scouts to detect booby-traps
 As attack dogs in battle
 To go ahead into dangerous areas before the humans
9. Identify from pictures or personal observation five dogs that are classed as "toy" dogs.

Pomeranian - The head of the Pomeranian is wedge-shaped, making it somewhat foxy in appearance. The
ears are small and set high. Its tail is characteristic of the breed and should be turned over the back and
carried flat, set high. The Pomeranian is a very active dog who is intelligent, courageous, and a loyal
companion. But due to its small size can suffer abuse from children. Beneath the Pomeranian's fur is a small
but muscular dog, similar to a Chihuahua.

Chihuahua - Chihuahuas are best known for their large eyes; small size; and large, erect ears. Chihuahuas
are prized for their devotion, ferocity and personality. Their curious nature and small size make them easily
adaptable to a variety of environments, including the city and small apartments. Chihuahuas are often
stereotyped as high-strung, though it has been shown that correct training and socialization can result in an
outstanding companion animal.

Toy Poodle - Poodles are intelligent, alert, and active. Arguably one of the most intelligent breeds, their
aptitude has made them ideal for performing in circuses across the globe for centuries. Because they are so
intelligent, they can become bored easily, and can get quite creative about finding mischief.

Maltese - The Maltese is covered from head to foot with a mantle of long, silky, white hair. Adult Maltese
range from roughly 3 to 10 lb (1.4 to 4.5 kg)

Yorkshire terrier - This long-haired terrier is known for its playful demeanor and distinctive blue and tan
coat. Yorkies can be very small, usually weighing between 5 and 7 pounds (2.5 to 3.5 kilograms). In fact, the
smallest dog in the world was a Yorkshire Terrier. It was no bigger than a match box.

10. What is the only dog that has a wholly blue or black tongue? - There are actually 2 dogs that have a blue
or black tongue. The Chow chow and the Chinese Shar-Pei

11. Which is the fastest-running dog? - The matter of which dog breed is the fastest is a matter of dispute.
Some say the Saluki, and others say the Greyhound.

12. Which member of the "toy" dogs has become the most popular? - The Yorkshire Terrier & is currently the
most popular breed of toy dog, and the third most popular dog breed overall (nearly overtaking the Golden Retriever for
second place in 2005).

13. What dog has been especially helpful in tracking criminals? - The Bloodhound has been used extensively to
track the scent not only of criminals, but also of lost children and even adults suffering from dementia.

14. Write or tell a dog story. – I really have this tragic personal story about dogs/dog. It is about my dog,
named Bolt. He was a good boy and a well-trained dog, he has a mix breed of german shepherd and golden
retriever, he was naughty and hard headed sometimes, all dogs are. One night, he managed to go out of our
house through sneaking out of the fence and he didn’t return til morning. In the middle of the night, we
were waiting for him to come home, we heard a loud scream of a dog. From that time, we knew it was Bolt,
but we couldn’t do anything because we don’t know our neighbors well, so we let the night pass. Nex
morning, we found him half dead on the road, he was chopped right in his head, head open, he suffered 3
days fighting for his life, his adrenaline and remaining strength helped him to fight for his life while his head
was half opened, we gave him the best comfort while he fights, but sadly he died. We learned that day not
to let our other dogs go out because our neighbor slay dogs just for fun.