Indian Statistical Institute

M.Tech.(CS) — First Year

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Please make sure that your programs adhere STRICTLY to the specified input and output
format. They should not require any input or produce any output beyond what is specified in
the input and output format specifications below.

2. Each program should be saved in a file whose name has the following form:
<your roll number at ISI in lower case>-<problem number>.c
For example, a student having roll number CS2250 should save his/her solution to problem 1
in a file named cs2250-1.c.
Please STRICTLY follow the above file naming conventions when saving / submitting your
programs.

3. Please upload your programs to https://www.dropbox.com/request/vCpxqSijh4eNC5uPbR1W when you

4. In order to pass, you will have to write correct programs for at least 2 out of the following 3
problems.

1. Write a C program that can add one positive integer to another positive integer, and subtract one positive
integer from another positive integer. The input integers may contain up to 100 digits (0–9). Thus, you will
not be able to use the usual builtin types (int, long int, etc.) to store the inputs. You may not use the
GNU Multiple Precision (MP) Arithmetic Library, or any other similar library or C++ class.

Input format: You will be given 3 strings via standard input (i.e., the terminal). The first two will be the
two integers; each integer will consist of a sequence of up to 100 digits. The two integers may not necessarily
contain the same number of digits. The third string will consist of a single character, either + or -.

Output format: If the third string is +, your program should print the sum of the two numbers; if it is -,
your program should print the result obtained by subtracting the second number from the first (in this case,
the second number will be no greater than the first number). Note that the sum of two 100-digit numbers
may contain more than 100 digits.

Sample input 1
100. . .005 (50 digits in all)
100. . .005 (50 digits in all)
+

Sample output 1
200. . .010 (50 digits in all)

1
 Sample input 2
100. . .010 (100 digits in all)
10. . .005 (99 digits in all)
-

Sample output 2
90. . .005 (99 digits in all)

2. Given the Roman alphabet (a, b, c, . . . , z, A, B, C, . . . , Z), we define a letter bi-gram as any ordered pair of 2
letters from the alphabet. Thus, aa, ab, kZ are all valid letter bi-grams.
Write a program that takes some text as input, and counts and prints the frequency of each letter bi-gram
that occurs in the text. The input text may contain both uppercase and lowercase letters, spaces, newline
characters, digits, punctuation marks, etc. You should ignore case when counting bi-grams. Thus, you should
count AC, aC, Ac, and ac as four occurrences of ac.

Input format: Text will be provided through standard input (i.e., the terminal). The input may span
multiple lines. An empty line will mark the end of the input.

Output format: Your program should print, in lexicographic order, the letter bi-grams that occur in the
text, along with the number of occurrences of each bi-gram.

Sample input 1
aBc
d,e
←− empty line to mark end of input

Sample output 1
ab 1
bc 1

Explanation: B is a part of two bi-grams, while d and e are not part of any bi-grams, since they are preceded
by and/or followed by a non-letter.

3. Let A, B and C be 3 matrices with integer entries. Write a program to compute ABC. If ABC is not defined,
your program should print an error message. The sizes of A, B and C will only be known at runtime. Your
program should dynamically allocate memory to store these matrices. You should also try to minimise the
number of arithmetic operations required to compute the product. You may assume that all entries of all the
matrices involved can be stored as int type variables.

Input format: The input, provided via the terminal, will consist of two positive integers mA and nA ,
corresponding to the number of rows and columns of A, followed by the mA × nA entries of A. Next, the
dimensions and entries of B and C, respectively, will be provided using the same format as for A.

Output format: If the matrix product ABC is not defined, your program should print ERROR on the screen
and exit. If the matrix product ABC is defined, your program should print the entries of ABC in matrix form;

2
i.e., entries of the first row should be printed separated by spaces on the first line; thereafter, the entries of
the second row should be printed on the second line, and so on. You need not worry about vertically aligning
the matrix entries.

Sample input 1

4 2
13 99
64 43
95 65
2 86

2 10
31 3 67 50 78 20 63 27 9 83
12 28 12 1 97 98 57 47 9 54

10 3
87 29 31
49 86 60
70 16 23
15 2 37
46 75 74
56 80 72
12 54 50
93 73 65
41 26 14
78 17 79

Sample output 1

2563169 2765235 2966020