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g3 Physics 2

This document provides an overview of physics concepts related to forces in equilibrium, Newton's laws of motion, D'Alembert's principle, and friction. It defines the conditions for equilibrium as having zero net force and torque. Newton's first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net force. The second law defines force as mass times acceleration. D'Alembert's principle states that any acceleration of an object can be modeled as an equal and opposite inertial force. Several sample problems demonstrate applications of these concepts for calculating forces, accelerations, tensions, and coefficients of friction in various physical systems.

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Carlina Ferrera
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56 views15 pages

g3 Physics 2

This document provides an overview of physics concepts related to forces in equilibrium, Newton's laws of motion, D'Alembert's principle, and friction. It defines the conditions for equilibrium as having zero net force and torque. Newton's first law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net force. The second law defines force as mass times acceleration. D'Alembert's principle states that any acceleration of an object can be modeled as an equal and opposite inertial force. Several sample problems demonstrate applications of these concepts for calculating forces, accelerations, tensions, and coefficients of friction in various physical systems.

Uploaded by

Carlina Ferrera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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G3 – Physics 2

FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM; NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION;


D’ALEMBERT ’S PRINCIPLE; FRICTION
FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM
TWO CONDITIONS FOR EQUILIBRIUM:
1. FORCE CONDITION

F x =0 F y =0

2. TORQUE CONDITION

M o =0
SAMPLE PROBLEM
1. A car whose weight is 60N is on the ramp which makes an angle of 40° with
the horizontal. How large a perpendicular force must the ramp withstand if it is
not to break under the car’s weight?
A. 56.7 N
B. 60.5 N
C. 45.96 N
D. 37.8 N
SAMPLE PROBLEM
2. A traffic light is suspended in the middle of an intersection by two cables,
each making an angle of 10° and 5° with the horizontal. Find the tension on the
cables if the weight of the traffic light is 90 N.
A. 346 N, 343 N
B. 256 N, 345 N
C. 278 N, 345 N
D. 182 N, 302 N
SAMPLE PROBLEM
3. A wheel of radius r=1 m and weight W=100 N is to be raised over an obstacle
of height 0.2 m by a horizontal force F applied to the centre. Find the minimum
value of F needed.
A. 25 N
B. 50 N
C. 75 N
D. 100 N
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
FIRST LAW:
F = Fnet = 0

F
SECOND LAW: a or F = ma
m

THIRD LAW:
𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
D’Alembert’s PRINCIPLE
“when a body is subjected to an acceleration, there
exists a force opposite the direction of the motion
and equal to the product of mass and acceleration”

𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
SAMPLE PROBLEM
4. A cord passing over an easily turned pulley (one
that is both massless and frictionless) has a 7.0-kg
mass hanging from one end and a 9.0 kg mass
hanging from the other, as shown in the figure.(This
arrangement is called Atwood's machine.) Find the
acceleration and tension in the cord.
A.a=1.23 m/s2, FT = 66 N
B.a=1.23 m/s2, FT = 77 N
C. a=2.23 m/s2, FT = 66N
D. a=2.23 m/s2, FT = 77 N
SAMPLE PROBLEM
5. A 100 kg block of ice is released at the top of a 30° incline 10 m above the
ground. If the slight melting of the ice renders the surface frictionless, what is
the velocity of the block at the foot of the incline?
A. 14 m/s
B. 25 m/s
C. 18 m/s
D. 20 m/s
SAMPLE PROBLEM
6. Boxes A and B are in contact on a horizontal, frictionless surface, as shown
figure below. Box A has mass 20.0 kg and box B has mass 5.0 kg. A horizontal
force of 100 N is exerted on box A. What is the magnitude of the force that box
A exerts on box B?
A. 100 N
B. 95 N
C. 80 N
D. 20 N
FRICTION
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION (𝜇𝑓 ) :

𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑓
𝜇= =
𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑁
SAMPLE PROBLEM
7. A horizontal force of 140 N is needed to pull a 60 kg box across the horizontal
floor at constant speed. What is the coefficient of friction between the floor and
the box?
A. 0.238
B. 0.521
C. 0.322
D. 0.342
SAMPLE PROBLEM
8. Consider the system shown in figure below. Block A weighs 45.0 N and block B
weighs 25.0 N. Once block B is set into downward motion, it descends at a
constant speed. Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction between block A and
the table top.
A. 0.80
B. 0.25
C. 0.56
D. 0.44
SAMPLE PROBLEM
9. A block passes at a point 4 m from the edge of a table with a velocity of 5m/s.
it slides off the edge of the table which is 5 m high and strikes the floor 3 m from
the edge of the table. What is the coefficient of friction between the block and
the table ?
A. 0.65
B. 1.04
C. 0.21
D. 0.11
End of Lecture.

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