NOV.

10,20
20
1 ST
SE
2020 M.
-2021
CCJE

Lear
ning
03 T Mate
E(leg rial N
al fo
L I S H rms) o.
L E NG
H N I CA S
T EC FO R M
EG A L By: G
1( L JD.
henal
ynne
Santo
s, LPT
.
 U sed in ive
ermi n o l o gi e s
b j e c t
Common T a Police Report a n o . It
Writing g – is d i n g s
p o r t in 's fi n
i v e R e
t i g a t or
st i gat i n v e s a t i o n
e e m
1. Inv ent of th d of infor which the .
t at e m l r e c o r
a t i o n p e r ior
s f fi cia e s tig e r s u
o n v / h
is an nt to the i its to his e,
l ev a u b m u a g
re g a t o rs o f l a ng
ti e or
inves n – th e u s
g e id e a s
c a ti o c ha n
mu n i to e x
o m t e n ,
2. C o r w rit n .
e n t i o
spok r informa un t o f an
n s fe a c c o on
tra ta i le d ba s e d
a d e u a l ly
r t – is c . , u s
. R e po io n , et
3 u at r y.
Source: Philippine National Police (PNP) STANDARD
TRAINING PACKAGE FOR FIELD TRAINING PROGRAM

t , s i t n q u i
even ation or i
INVESTIGATION PHASE Field Training Officer's Guide
r Slide 2

b s e rv
o
 4. Reporting – is knowingly passing along the
information to someone else.

5. Report Writing – is a form of communication that

tends to help people to freely express themselves
through written communication, express their ideas,
beliefs, information, or any other facts that are pertinent
to their writing.

6. Fact – is anything which, either through careful

observation or investigation, has been proven to exist as
to have happened.

7. Note Taking – is defined as jotting down specific

Source: Philippine National Police (PNP)
STANDARD TRAINING PACKAGE FOR FIELD
concerns and data or facts that they intend to recall or
TRAINING PROGRAM INVESTIGATION
PHASE Field Training Officer's Guide
that seem important to them. It may pertain to a
r Slide
specific happening that the writer wishes to recall and 3
record.
 f e c t s i n P NP
e
Common D ications
Commun

The memorandum issued by TACDS re-Reiteration of the Guidelines

for the Standard Preparation of Communications, dated April 1, 2014,
this provides for the following:

a. Wrong format of the addressee portion, especially on letters for

the President, SILG, Chairman, NAPOLCOM, and other government
officials;
b. Incomplete staff work;
c. Redundancy in communication distribution;
d. Use of wrong stationery/letterhead;
e. Wrong address of the addressee;
ADD A FOOTER 4
f. Inappropriate complementary endings;
g. Lack of appropriate tabs for enclosures/attachments;
h. Wrong spacing;
i. Typographical errors;
j. Wrong font and font size;
k. Dirty printing;
l. Protruding staple wires; and m. Use of sliding folders.

5
 s o f P o l i c e
t h e r Pu r pose
O W r i ti ng
Rep o r t

1. To serve as the official document and permanent

record of incidents in the community;

2. To compile statistical information and identify

problems in the community;

3. facilitate investigations, prepare and defend court

cases including prosecution of offenders; and

Source: (PNP Standard Operating

4. Identify the training needs of the members of the
Procedure No. 2012-01) Philippine National Police.
  6
 nt U s e s
Importa

Just like other forms of writing, police report writing has

the following vital uses (Soriano, 2005):

1. Serve as records for police administrators in planning,

directing, and organizing the unit's duties and functions;
2. Used as legal documents in the prosecution of
offenders;
3. Used as the basis by law enforcement agencies and
other government and private organizations;
4. Provide information to the media which needs
access to public documents;
5. be a basis for research; and
ADD A FOOTER 7
6. Reflecting on the competence and personality of the
police writer regarding his written work.
 c h ni q u es of
Te
Narrative ts
o l i c e R e por Narra
P t
actio ion conce
even ns. There rns even
ts i ts
begin , which m s a chrono and
s whe e lo
ends n som ans that th gy of
n i q ues of when et e
he t e c h on is some hing happ report
Amongittion, the narrarteiports. thing e
componswriting police has fi ns and
nishe
useful i d.

8
 T o ne o f
The t s
Police
repor
R e p o r t
they h s are mos
Police ave a t
n obje effective w
ctive hen
The u tone.
se of
writin "I," or
g sub "W
jectiv e," or "My
e and " mak
Admi o pinion es
effec nistra ated.
tively t i ve d
be de ecisions c
pend annot
opinio e nt on pe
ns. rsona
l

9
 1. Vi
o
repor lations o
ted a f
t s o r t r a nsactions, nd re laws and
ing inciden
The follow rs, are entered in t
he police corde ordin
e 2. All d; ance
among oth iano, 2005) alert s
blotter (S
or the P calls
N in
actio P is disp which an
n; atche y me
d or m
takes ber of
3. All offici
firear al
recei m s, rep
ved b orts,
y the
statio and info
4. ns; rmat
Trans ion
corre port
s
autho ponding of
priso
rity fo n otatio ners
r suc n s with
h mo to
5. Ca veme the
ses o nts;
anim f
als, a missing a
nd pr
opert nd found
y; perso
ns,

(Soriano, 2005) 10
 6. V
e
accid hicular a
ents w nd o
hich r t
equir her form
e poli
7. All ce ac s of
a t e l s e ? suicid
perso
nal in tion;
Wh es; juries
, bodi
es fou
nd, an
8. Da d
mage
to pro
perty
9. All ;
cases
involv in wh
ed; ich a
police
mem
10. Al ber is
l arre
sts an
d retu
11. M rns m
iscell ade; a
speci a nd
al or neous ca
ders, s
regul
ation violat es, gener
s, a ions a
accid
ents nd of ru l and
comm that other les a
ander t h e s u repor nd
to be , b t
recor or higher station, s able
ded. autho ta
rity d tion
esires
(Soriano, 2005)
11
 Po lic e R e ports
H of
4W and 1

The police officer need not be a literary WHY

genius to write a good police report. If
the officer knows his 5Ws and 1H, WHAT
Five (5Ws & 1H) in his report will be
complete even though it might not be a
WHEN
literary masterpiece.
WHERE
HOW
12
 The following is a list of the variations that can be
derived from these:

RT A NC E 1. WHO?
IMPO H
4W & 1 Questions include the complete and correct name of all those
OF who were involved in the incident.

It may include the victim/s, suspect/s, witness/es, and whoever

may be found to have been listed and considered present
during the incident—persons who knew the surrounding facts
The 5Ws and 1H can and circumstances thereof. The wrong name fails to locate a
be useful guides to witness or apprehend a suspect.
report writers,
The spelling should be correct, including the middle name,
especially to those
exact home address/es, whether residence or hotel, telephone
who are merely number, cell phone number, and other contact details (Soriano,
learning how to use 2005).
technical police
writing.

(Soriano, 13
2005)
 This question considers these factors to wit:

This question considers these factors to wit:

ADD A FOOTER 14
 j. Who worked on the case?
k. Who had access to the crime scene?
l. Who searched for, identified, and gathered the
H AT evidence?
W SE? m. Who was the evidence turned over to?
EL
n. With whom did the suspect associate?
o. With whom was the victim last seen?
p. With whom did the witnesses associate?
q. With whom did the suspect commit the crime?

15
 2. WHAT?

These questions are directed to the crime being

committed. Police reports sometime indicate the crime

HA committed based on the Revised Penal Code (RPC) like

W
Murder, Homicide, or Rape, among others. In primary
reports such as Spot Report, which does not require a

T
thorough investigation yet, this is not essential. A report
of a "Shooting Incident" may be sufficient.

The Investigator-on-Case must determine what crime

was committed. What is more important is to present
the detailed facts and circumstances of what happened
(PNP SOP No. 2012-001; Soriano, 2005)

(PNP SOP No. 2012-001; Soriano,

2005) 16
These questions consider the following
to wit:

1. What type of property was attacked, e.g., building, residence, car, etc.

2. What type of property was stolen, lost, or found? Items related to the crime were
found at the crime scene. An accurate description of all such property should be
entered in the notes.

3. What offense was committed, e.g., murder, homicide, rape, physical injuries,
robbery, theft, or violation of special laws?

4. What type of evidence was found or recovered?

17
 Relative questions under "what" may include the
following:

1. What type of property was attacked, e.g. building, residence, car, etc.?
2. What type of property was stolen, lost, or found? What were items related to the
crime found at the crime scene? An accurate description of all such property should be
entered into the report.
3. What felony/offense/infraction was committed, e.g. murder, homicide, rape, physical
injuries, robbery, theft, or violation of special laws such as RA 7610, RA 9262, etc.?
4. What type of evidence was found or recovered?
5. What was the crime committed?
6. What are the elements of the crime?
7. What actions were performed by the suspect/s before and after the crime?
8.What really happened?
9. What do the witnesses/ say and know?

18
 H AT
W SE?
EL

10. What evidence was obtained?

11. What was done with the evidence?
12. What tools/weapons were used in the commission of the crime?
13. What did the officers take?
14. What further action should be taken?
15. What knowledge, skill or strength was needed to commit the crime?
16. What other agencies or departments were or needed to be notified?
17. What type of transportation was used?
18. What was the motive or suspected motive for the crime?
19. What crime/s could be associated with this one?

19
 RE?
H E
3. W

These questions are concerned with the geographical location of the

crime scene, property, or evidence. Describe in detail where the
incident exactly happened,

e.g., "In the master "s bedroom of a two-story brick house located at
69 Rizal Street, Villa de Calamba, Brgy. Halang, Calamba City, Laguna"

(PNP SOP No. 2012-001; Soriano,

2005).
  20
 This question considers these factors
to wit:
1) This question is concerned with the geographical
location of the crime scene, property or evidence

Relative questions under "Where" may include the

following:
1. Where was the crime committed?
2. Where was the crime discovered?
3. Where was the entry made?
4. Where was the exit made?
5. Where were the tools that were used in the crime obtained?
6. Where was the victim found?
7. Where was the suspect seen during the crime?
8. Where was the victim last seen?

ADD A FOOTER 21
 9. Where was the suspect last seen?
WHAT 10. Where were the witnesses during the crime?
ELSE? 11. Where did the suspect live moreover, where does he live now?
12. Where is the suspect now?
13. Where is the suspect likely to go?
14. Where was the evidence marked?
15. Where was the evidence found?
16. Where was the evidence stored?

22
 These questions include the date and time when the
felony/offense/infraction took place, property found, suspect
apprehended, etc.

E N ?
H
4. W This question considers the following to wit:
1) This question includes the date and time when the offense has now been
committed, property found, the suspect apprehended, etc.
2) Relative items under “when” may include the following:
a. When was the crime committed?
b. When was it discovered?
c. When were the authorities notified?
d. When did they arrive at the scene?
e. When was the victim last seen?
f. When was the arrest made?
g. When will a complaint be signed?
h. When did the witness hear anything unusual?
i. When did the suspect “case” the job?

23
 H Y?
W These questions provide the object/desire which
motivated the commission of the crime. In crimes
against persons, the usual object includes revenge,
ransom, and sexual pleasure. In crimes against property,
the reason may be to acquire money and property
(Soriano, 2005).

24
This question considers the following to
wit:

1) Under this heading is listed the object and desire which motivated the offense?
2) In crimes against persons, the object of the attack might be revenge, ransom, or
sexual pleasure
3) In crimes against property, the reason may be to acquire money and property.
4) Relative questions under “why”, may include the following:
a. Why was the crime committed?
b. Why were specific tools used?
c. Why was the crime reported?
d. Why was the crime reported late?
e. Why were the witnesses reluctant to give information?
f. Why is the suspect lying?
g. Why did the perpetrators pick a particular time to
commit the crime?
h. Why did the perpetrator pick one specific place to
commit the crime?
i. Why did the perpetrator choose a particular day to commit?
the crime? 25
 W
HO
?
These questions pertain to how the crime was committed. The narrative
on how the incident happened shall be indicated to show the description
of the events that had happened (chronology of events) that led to the
incident and all the circumstances after that. Action rendered during the
initial investigation at the scene shall also be included. This shall include
the weather, lighting, sounds, activities in the vicinity of the incident, a
description of the circumstances prevailing before, during, and after the
incident, and all other peculiar details that come to the trained police
responder's senses. There is no limit to what to include in the “How”
portion of the narrative (PNP SOP No. 2012-001; Soriano,34 2005).

26
These questions aim to answer the following to wit:

1. How was the crime committed?

2. How did the suspect get to the scene?
3. How did the suspect leave the scene?
4. How did the perpetrator obtain the information necessary to commit the
crime?
5. How was the crime discovered?
6. How were the tools/weapons for the crime obtained?
7. How were the tools/weapons used?
8. How was the crime reported?
9. How much damage was done?
10. How much property or money was taken?
11. How much-known information is being withheld?

27
Than
k Yo
u!
Ma’am
11.10 Ghen
.2020

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