Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays

Dr. Qadeer Ahmad Khan

Integrated Circuits and Systems Group
Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras, INDIA
Outline
 Introduction to Display
– Brief History of Display Technologies
– LCD vs AMOLED
– Working principle of LCD
– Power Reduction with RGBW Pixel
– Working Principle of AMOLED Display

 Power Management for LCD

– LCD Pixel Driver Circuit and Power Supply Requirement
– Switching DC-DC Converters for LCD Panel
– Backlight LED Drivers for LCD Panel
– Controlling Brightness and Content Adaptive Brightness Control (CABC)

 Power Management for AMOLED Display

– Power Supply Requirement for AMOLED
– Programming Negative Supply Using SWIRE
– Issue with Positive Boost Converter
– Buck-Boost Converter for Positive Supply

 Board Level Design Guidelines

 Conclusion
Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 2
History of Display Technologies
 1897 – Birth of CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
 1925 - CRT TV was invented and used until early 2000s with advancements in
technologies like color TV, flat screen etc.
 1964 - Invention of LCD. Used in modern LCD watch and calculators in 1972.
 1980s – Color LCD displays and Organic LED (OLED) displays were invented
 Early 2000: LCD technology started outperforming CRT in terms of both quality as
wells as power consumption and played vital role in revolutionizing smartphones
and tablets.
 2007: iPhone, first commercially successful smartphone that is exclusively
touchscreen was launched.
 2010: Samsung Galaxy S series with AMOLED display launched
 Present: LCD and AMOLED are the two widely used displays in smartphones and
tablet PCs. With advancements in both display technologies, there has been neck
to neck competition.
 High end smartphone market is mostly dominated by AMOLED and mid and low
tier is dominated by LCD.

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 3

 LCD Vs. AMOLED

 Uses multiple layers which  Uses fewer layers hence

limit the minimum thickness is quite low (paper
achievable thickness (~1- thin)
1.5mm)
 Requires backlight  No backlighting is needed

Polariser

Color Filter (Glass) Polariser

Liquid Crystal Encapsulation (Glass)
TFT (Glass)
Organic Layer (OLED)
Polariser
TFT (Glass)
Backlight Unit

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays

How LCD Works
 Crystal alignment is changed when voltage is applied between two electrodes
(through TFT)
 Voltage applied across LCD electrodes determines how much light will be passed
and controls the intensity.

Lightest Pixel (ON with

full intensity)

Light Pixel (ON with lesser

intensity)

Dark Pixel (OFF)

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 5

LCD Color Depth
 8-bit intensity of each color (R, G and B) provides 16 million (28x28x28)
color combinations.

Display Color Depth

RGB Pixels – ON with

different intensities
produces various color
combinations to display
a picture

RGB Pixels – OFF RGB Pixels – ON

(Black) (White)

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 6

RGBW LCD Display
 JDI (Japan Display Inc) WhiteMagic LCD technology adds
while sub-pixel along with RGB (Also called RBGW)

Source: Japan Display Inc.

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 7

Power Reduction with RGBW LCD Display
 White pixel is transparent and passes the full white
backlight making the pixel brighter
 For the same brightness, RGBW achieves ~40% power
reduction without degrading the image quality

RGB RGBW Source: Japan Display Inc.

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 8

LCD Pixel Driver
 LCD requires multiple supplies to drive a pixel.
 Some of the supplies are generated on display
panel (inside DDIC) and some are generated outside
the panel (on phone board)

Column
(Data)

Row
(Scan)

Switching
TFT Liquid
Cstorage Crystal

VCOM

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 9

How AMOLED Works
 Each pixel is LED and three
LEDs (R, G and B) forms
one sub-pixel.
 Fourth LED (White) can
also be added in a sub-
pixel for better brightness
 Current in each OLED pixel
is controlled to control the
brightness and form color
combinations
 Since each OLED is self lit,
it doesn’t require any
backlight
IOLED

Vss

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 10

Power Management for LCD
Power Supplies for Mobile Display (LCD)

Power Supply Description Value (Typ) Supply Generation

VDDI Digital Power Supply 1.8V External (system VDD)

VDDA Power Supply for 3.3V Inside panel DDIC

Analog Systems
VGH TFT Row/Gate drive 15V Inside panel DDIC
positive (ON) supply
VGL TFT Row/Gate drive -10V Inside panel DDIC
negative supply
VCOM LCD common electrode -2V – +2V Inside panel DDIC
voltage
AVDD 5.5V External (dedicated power IC)

AVEE -5.5V External (dedicated power IC)

VBL Backlight supply 28V (for 8s2p) External (dedicated power IC)
14V (for 4s4p)

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 12

LCD Power Supply Regulators
Display
Connector
MIPI DSI MOBILE
LCD Display PROCESSOR
&
Touch

AVEE -5.5V, 50mA

AVDD +5.5V, 50mA
VBL
WLED Backlight
28V, 20mA/String

DISPLAY SUPPLY DRIVER

VBL_EN
WLED Boost
Converter + Driver AVDD/AVEE_EN

Positive Boost I2C

Converter

Negative Buck-Boost
Converter or Charge-Pump

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 13

LCD Power-Up/Power Down Sequencing

Display Turns ON Display Turns OFF

VBL_EN

AVDD/AVEE_EN
5.5V

AVDD 0V 0V
AVEE should never be
AVEE 0V ON when AVDD is OFF 0V

2 to 10ms -5.5V

100s of ms

VBL

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 14

Generating +/-5.5V
5.5V Boost Converter
 +5.5V can be VBAT L
0
VSW AVDD=5.5V
MP
generated from an (2.7V to 4.6V) Cout
inductive boost PWMN MN PWMP

1
AVDD = · VBAT PWM
1-D PWMP Gate PWM
PWMN Driver Controller

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 15

Generating +/-5.5V
5.5V Boost Converter
 +5.5V can be VBAT L
0
VSW AVDD=5.5V
MP
generated from an (2.7V to 4.6V) Cout
inductive boost PWMN MN PWMP

 -5.5V can be generated

from a negative PWMP Gate PWM PWM
PWMN Driver Controller
chargepump
ɸ2 5.5V ɸ1
0
VSWP

Cfly
AVEE=-5.5V
VSWN
0
ɸ1 ɸ2 Cout
-5.5V
Negative Chargepump

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 16

Generating +/-5.5V
5.5V Boost Converter
 +5.5V can be VBAT L
0
VSW AVDD=5.5V
MP
generated from an (2.7V to 4.6V) Cout
inductive boost PWMN MN PWMP

 -5.5V can be generated

from a negative PWMP Gate PWM PWM
PWMN Driver Controller
chargepump
ɸ2 5.5V ɸ1
Losses in chargepump 0
VSWP
cause AVEE regulated
above -5.5V Cfly
i.e. AVEE=-5.5V+VLOSS AVEE=-5.5V
VSWN
0
ɸ1 ɸ2 Cout
-5.5V
Negative Chargepump

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 17

Compensating for Chargepump VLOSS
5.5V Boost Converter
0
VBAT L VSW AVDD+VLOSS AVDD=5.5V
MP
LDO
(2.7V to 4.6V) Cout
VDROP=VLOSS
PWMN MN PWMP

PWMP Gate PWM PWM AVEE

PWMN Driver Controller

Boost regulates its output

ɸ2 5.5V ɸ1 to AVDD+VLOSS and ensures
0 AVEE is regulated at -5.5V
VSWP

Cfly
AVEE=-5.5V
VSWN
0
ɸ1 ɸ2 Cout
-5.5V
Negative Chargepump

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 18

Compensating for Chargepump VLOSS
5.5V Boost Converter
0
VBAT L VSW AVDD+VLOSS AVDD=5.5V
MP
LDO
(2.7V to 4.6V) Cout
VDROP=VLOSS
PWMN MN PWMP

LDO regulates AVDD to

5.5V by dropping VLOSS
PWMP Gate PWM PWM AVEE
PWMN Driver Controller

Boost regulates its output

ɸ2 5.5V ɸ1 to AVDD+VLOSS and ensures
0 AVEE is regulated at -5.5V
VSWP

Cfly
AVEE=-5.5V
VSWN
0
ɸ1 ɸ2 Cout
-5.5V
Negative Chargepump

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 19

Switch reduction from Chargepump
5.5V Boost Converter
0
VBAT L VSW AVDD+VLOSS AVDD=5.5V
MP
LDO
(2.7V to 4.6V) Cout
VDROP=VLOSS
PWMN MN PWMP

PWMP Gate PWM PWM AVEE

PWMN Driver Controller

ɸ2 5.5V ɸ1
0
VSWP

Cfly
VSWP node of the flying
AVEE=-5.5V
capacitor is switching
VSWN between same voltage
0
ɸ1 ɸ2 Cout levels as VSW of the boost
-5.5V
Negative Chargepump

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 20

Switch reduction from Chargepump
5.5V Boost Converter
0
VBAT L VSW AVDD+VLOSS AVDD=5.5V
MP
LDO
(2.7V to 4.6V) Cout
VDROP=VLOSS
PWMN MN PWMP

PWMP Gate PWM PWM AVEE

PWMN Driver Controller

VSW

Cfly
Flying capacitor can be connected
AVEE=-5.5V
to VSW and other two switches are
VSWN controlled by PWM
0
PWMN_S Cout
PWMP
-5.5V
Negative Chargepump

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 21

Efficiency Improvement with Switch reduction

96
Efficiency (Conventional)
(4-Switches) Efficiency(Proposed)
(2-Switches)

95

94
Efficiency (%)

93

92 Operating region of
LCD Display
91

90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ILoad (mA)

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 22

Generating +/-5.5V
5.5V Boost Converter
0
 +5.5V can be VBAT L VSW MP AVDD=5.5V

generated from an (2.7V to 4.6V) Cout

PWMN MN PWMP
inductive boost
1 PWM
AVDD = · VBAT PWMP Gate PWM
1-D PWMN Driver Controller

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 23

Generating +/-5.5V
5.5V Boost Converter
0
 +5.5V can be VBAT L VSW MP AVDD=5.5V

generated from an (2.7V to 4.6V) Cout

PWMN MN PWMP
inductive boost
1 PWM
AVDD = · VBAT PWMP Gate PWM
1-D PWMN Driver Controller

 -5.5V can be generated

5.5V
Inverting Buck-Boost
from an inductive VBAT
VBAT
MP VSW MN AVEE=-5.5V
buck-boost
(2.7V to 4.6V) Cout
D PWMP L PWMN
AVEE = - · VBAT
1-D
PWMP Gate PWM PWM
PWMN Driver Controller

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 24

Single Inductor Dual Output (SIDO) Converter
 Uses single inductor to generate both AVDD and AVEE
 PWM is time multiplexed between Boost and Inverting Buck-Boost
 Mostly used in DCM or CCM-DCM boundary to avoid cross regulation

VSW1 L VSW2 AVDD=5.5V

MP1 MP2

Cout2
PWMP1 PWMP2
PWMN1 MN1 PWMN2 MN2

Cout1

AVEE=-5.5V
PWM1
PWMP1 Gate
PWMN1 EN
Driver PWM
PWM2 Controller
PWMP2 Gate
PWMN2 Driver ENB

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 25

SIDO Operation
Boost Mode
MP1=ON, MP2=OFF & MP2, MN2  PWM
5.5V
L 0
MP1 VSW1=VBAT VSW2 MP2 AVDD=5.5V
VBAT
Cout2
PWMP1=0 PWMP2
PWMN1=0 MN1 PWMN2 MN2

Cout1

AVEE=-5.5V
PWM1
PWMP1 Gate
PWMN1 EN
Driver PWM
PWM2 Controller
PWMP2 Gate
PWMN2 Driver ENB
VBAT
VSW1
5.5V
VBAT
VSW2 0V

IL
0
Boost Mode
Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 26
SIDO Operation
IBB Mode
MP1=ON, MP2=OFF & MP2, MN2  PWM

VSW1 L VSW2=GND MP2 AVDD=5.5V

MP1
VBAT
Cout2
PWMP1 PWMP2
PWMN1 MN1 PWMN2 MN2

Cout1

AVEE=-5.5V
PWM1
PWMP1 Gate
PWMN1 EN
Driver PWM
PWM2 Controller
PWMP2 Gate
PWMN2 Driver ENB

VBAT
VSW1 0V

5.5V -5.5V
VBAT
VSW2 0V 0V

IL
0
Boost Mode IBB Mode
Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 27
LED Backlight
 LCD backlight is provided by multiple
white LED connected in series
 Power supply VBL can be supplied
externally or generated inside the LED
driver
 Full scale is LED current is ~20mA VBL

LED1

LED2

VBL=N·VF+VSENSE
LEDN
LED brightness α ILED

ISINK

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 28

LCD Backlight Power Supply + Driver
 LCD backlight is supplied by LED drivers driven with a constant current
 Multiple LEDs are usually connected in series thus requiring much higher
voltage (~28V for 8 LEDs)
 Simplest way is drive LEDs is boost converter with external current sense
resistor
 Works only for single string
VBAT L D1
VSW VBL=N·VF+VSENSE

(2.7V to 4.6V) Cout +

PWMN MN LED1 VF
-
LED2
Gate PWM PWM
PWMN
Driver Controller

LEDN

VSENSE
RSENSE
ILED = VSENSE/RSENSE

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 29

LED Driver for Parallel Strings
 Usually LCD panels for smartphones require 16-24 LEDs (8s2p or 8s3p)
hence requiring independent current sinks for each string
 VHEAD is regulated to minimum voltage required to keep current sinks in
saturation region

VBAT L D1
VSW VBL=N·VF + VHEAD

(2.7V to 4.6V) Cout

PWMN MN LED1 LED1 LED1

LED2 LED2 LED2

Gate PWM PWM
PWMN
Driver Controller

Programmable LEDN LEDN LEDN

VHEAD
Current Regulator

VHEAD
VREF ISINK1 ISINK2 ISINK3
ISINK = VREF/RSINK

RSINK

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 30

Controlling Backlight Brightness (Dimming)
 Two ways to control the
MOBILE
brightness PROCESSOR
– PWM or Digital Dimming
– Analog Dimming

LED DRIVER

LED1 LED1 LED1

LED2 LED2 LED2

LEDN LEDN LEDN I2C

Dimming
Controller
ISINK1 ISINK2 ISINK3 PWM
Programmable Current Sinks (GPIO)

min Brightness max

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 31

Analog Dimming
 Analog dimming is achieved by converting the digital dimming code to
an analog reference voltage through D/A converter
 Alternatively RSINK can also be programmed
 For smooth dimming, usually 7-8 bit of D/A resolution is used
Dimming Code
from Processor VBL
LED1 LED1 LED1

Digital to Analog LED2 LED2 LED2

VREF
Converter ILED= VREF_LED/RSINK
VREF_LED
LEDN LEDN LEDN
VHEAD

Full scale ILED= 20mA ISINK

ISINK1 ISINK2 ISINK3
With 8-bit D/A conversion RSINK
LED current can be changed with
step size = 20mA/256 = ~80µA

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 32

Analog Dimming using PWM
 VREF is modulated with PWM duty cycle and low pass filtered to get VREF_LED
 Doesn’t require D/A converter
– Area efficient
– Reduces design complexity

Dimming
Code
I2C Digital to PWM PWM VDD VREF VBL
PROCESSOR

Converter VREF ILED = VREF_LED/RSINK

0
0 LED1 LED1 LED1
PWM
MUX

(GPIO) LPF LED2 LED2 LED2

PWM_SEL
VREF_LED
VREF_LED = D·VREF LEDN LEDN LEDN
VHEAD
PWM_SEL=0: Select internal PWM
ISINK
PWM_SEL=1: Select external PWM ISINK1 ISINK2 ISINK3
RSINK

LED DRIVER

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 33

Digital or direct PWM Dimming
 Full scale LED current (ILED_FS) is directly modulated with PWM duty cycle at
frequency high enough (≥ 1 kHz) to be filtered by the human eyes
 EMI concerns due to switching current ILED_FS
– Peak current = 3·ILED_FS ILED(avg)
0
LED DRIVER VBL
LED1 LED1 LED1
PWM_SEL=0: Select internal PWM
PWM_SEL=1: Select external PWM LED2 LED2 LED2
Dimming
Code ILED (avg) = D· ILED_FS
I2C Digital to PWM PWM LEDN
PROCESSOR

LEDN LEDN
Converter

PWM
MUX

(GPIO)

ISINK1 ISINK2 ISINK3

PWM_SEL

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 34

Staggered PWM Dimming
 EMI can be mitigated by switching each LED string at different times
 Suitable mainly with internal PWM as external PWM requires 3 GPIOs

Dimming LED DRIVER VBL

PROCESSOR

Code
LED1 LED1 LED1
I2C Digital to PWM
Converter
LED2 LED2 LED2

ILED (avg) = D· ILED_FS

PWM1 LEDN LEDN LEDN

PWM2
PWM3
PWM1 PWM2 PWM3
PWM1
PWM2 ISINK1 ISINK2 ISINK3
PWM3

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 35

Hybrid Dimming
 Hybrid dimming combines both analog and digital to address the concern of:
– Flicker in analog dimming due to noise at very low brightness
– EMI in digital dimming due to high switching current

Brightness Level

20mA
Analog
Dimming
LED Current

Digital
Dimming

2mA

255 254 253 26 25 24 23 24 2 1

Dimming Code

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 36

Content Adaptive Brightness Control
100% Backlight Darker Frame

Lighter Frame
=
50% Backlight

Final Image

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 37

Content Adaptive Brightness Control
100% Backlight Darker Frame

Without CABC

Lighter Frame
=
50% Backlight

Final Image

+ With CABC

CABC adaptively changes backlight depending upon the image intensity

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 38

Power Management for AMOLED Displays
 AMOLED Power Supplies
Display
Connector
MIPI DSI MOBILE
No backlight AMOLED PROCESSOR
Display
&
Touch
VNEG -0.8 to -5.4V, 300mA
VPOS +4.6V, 300mA
AVDD
7.7V, 60mA

DISPLAY SUPPLY DRIVER

AVDD_EN
AVDD Boost
Converter SWIRE

Positive Boost I2C

Converter

Negative Buck-Boost
Converter

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 40

TI AMOLED Display Power Supply – TPS65632
 Uses boost converter for VPOS (4.6V) and inverting buck-
boost for VNEG (programmable through SWIRE)

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 41

AMOLED Power UP Sequencing
 AVDD is enabled first then VPOS.
 VNEG is enabled after VPOS (~10ms delay)
AVDD_EN

(SWIRE)

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 42

VNEG Programming Using SWIRE
 VPOS is usually fixed at 4.6V
 VNEG varies based on brighten:
– VNEG = -4V at max brightness
– VNEG = -0.8 to -1.4V at min brightness

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 43

VNEG Programming
 By default, VNEG turns ON with -4V when SWIRE goes High then programmed by
sending pulse.
 VNEG is pre-defined at 1 pulse (positive edge) and then reduces by 100mV after
every SWIRE pulse (~10uS).
 VNEG@1-pulse = 5.4V, VNEG@N-pulses = 5.4 – (N-1)*100mV.

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 44

Issue with AMOLED Boost Converter
 Battery voltage when fully charged could be as high as 4.6V
 Boost requires VBAT < VOUT hence fails to regulate the
output
 A buck-boost converter is therefore required to generate the
positive rail for AMOLED

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 45

Conventional BB converter

D
V  V (1)
out 1 D in

1
I  I (2)
L 1 D o

 Single Duty cycle, D, controls all the switches.

 Switching losses are higher due to simultaneous operation of 4

switches

 Conduction losses are higher due to larger Inductor current (nearly 2x

when Vin ≈ Vout.
Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 46
 Tri-Mode Operation of BB Converter
Increasing VIN

Buck
 VIN > VOUT : Buck Mode
VOUT
 VIN < VOUT : Boost Mode
Buck-Boost
 VIN ~ VOUT : Buck-Boost Mode
Boost

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 47

 Tri-Mode: Buck
Increasing VIN

Buck ILOAD
VOUT
Buck-Boost

Boost
 PBO always ON
 DBUCK controls buck switches

VOUT  D BUCK VIN I L  I LOAD

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 48

 Tri-Mode: Boost

VOUT
Increasing VIN

ILOAD
Buck
VOUT
Buck-Boost

Boost
 PBU always ON
 DBOOST controls boost switches

VIN I LOAD
VOUT  IL 
(1  D BOOST ) (1  D BOOST )
Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 49
 Tri-Mode: Buck-Boost

VOUT
Increasing VIN

Buck ILOAD

VOUT
Buck-Boost

Boost
 DBUCK controls buck switches
 DBOOST controls boost switches

D BUCK I LOAD
VOUT  VIN I L 
(1  D BOOST ) 1  D BOOST
Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 50
Losses in Tri-Mode Buck-Boost
 Buck Mode with equivalent loss  Boost Mode with equivalent loss
model model
– Additional conduction loss due to MP2 – Loss increases due to boosted current
Iout/(1-D)

COUT COUT
VOUT VOUT
VIN VIN

PBUCK PBOOST PBUCK PBOOST

MP1 MP2 MP1 MP2
PWM’ L ON ON L PWM
VSW_BUCK VSW_BOOST VSW_BUCK VSW_BOOST
NBUCK NBOOST NBUCK NBOOST
MN1 MN2 MN1 MN2
PWM’ OFF OFF PWM

VIN VIN
RDS_ON1 RDCR RDS_ON2 RDS_ON1 RDCR RDS_ON2
VOUT VOUT
IIN = IOUT IOUT IIN = IOUT/(1-D) IOUT

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 51

 Hybrid Buck-Boost
 Uses Hybrid Switched Capacitor and Inductor where Capacitive stage is used to
boost the voltage at 2x and Inductive stage is used for regulation
 Since Switched Capacitor is isolated from Inductor current path, it incurs less
conduction losses
 Inductive buck stage has no right half plane zero hence provides better transient
response
VIN

PBUCK PBOOST
GATE DRIVER

GATE DRIVER
MP1 MP2
PWMBUCK CBOOST PWMBOOST
VSW1 VSW2
Buck Mode NBUCK
MN1 MN2
NBOOST Boost Mode
VIN
2VIN
VSW1 0 L VSW1 VIN
VOUT
VIN
VSW2  Floating (High-Z) COUT VSW2 0

MP2/MN2  OFF
MP1/MN1  PWM MP2/MN2  PWM
PWMBUCK PWM VOUT MP1  PWM
VOUT=D.VIN
PWMBOOST CONTROLLER MN1  OFF
VREF
VOUT=(1+D).VIN

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 52

 Hybrid Buc-Boost(Contd.)
 Buck Mode with equitant loss model  Boost Mode with equivalent loss
– No additional conduction loss due to MP2 model
– Reduces loss as inductor current remains
same as load current
VIN

PBUCK PBOOST VIN

MP1 MP2
PWM’ CBOOST OFF
VSW1 VSW2 PBUCK
MP2
PBOOST
MP1
PWM CBOOST PWM’
NBUCK NBOOST
MN1 MN2 VSW1 VSW2
PWM’ OFF
NBUCK NBOOST
MN1 MN2
OFF PWM’

L
VOUT L
COUT VOUT
COUT

VIN VIN
RDS_ON1 RDCR 2DRDS_ON1 RDCR RDS_ON2
No RDS_ON2 loss
VOUT VOUT
IIN = IOUT IOUT IIN = IOUT IOUT

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 53

Conventional Vs. Hybrid BB (Buck Mode)
Conventional Hybrid
• Additional conduction loss due to  No additional conduction loss due to
MP2 MP2
• Assuming: • Assuming: VIN
• RDS_ON1 = RDS_ON2 = RDCR=100mΩ, IOUT=1A • PBUCK
RDS_ON1MP1= RDS_ON2 = RDCR=100mΩ,
MP2
PBOOSTI
OUT=1A
PWM’ CBOOST OFF
Total conduction loss will be:COUT
Total Vconduction loss will be: VSW2
SW1
2 PLOSS = I 2(R + R )
PLOSS = IOUT (RDS_ON1 + RDS_ON2 + RVDCR)
OUT
NBUCK OUT
MN1
DS_ON1 DCR
MN2
NBOOST

= 300mW
VIN 200mW  100mW saving in loss
=PWM’ OFF

PBUCK PBOOST Which corresponds to 3% saving in efficiency for

MP1 MP2
PWM’ L ON VOUT=3.3V L
VSW_BUCK VSW_BOOST VOUT
NBUCK NBOOST COUT
MN1 MN2
PWM’ OFF

VIN VIN
RDS_ON1 RDCR RDS_ON2 RDS_ON1 RDCR No RDS_ON2 loss
VOUT VOUT
IIN = IOUT IOUT IIN = IOUT IOUT

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 54

Conventional Vs. Hybrid BB (Boost Mode)
Conventional Hybrid
• Assuming: • Assuming:
• RDS_ON1 = RDS_ON2 = RDCR=100mΩ, IOUT=1A. • RDS_ON1 = RDS_ON2 = RDCR=100mΩ, IOUT=1A,
VOUT=1.5xVIN VOUT=1.5xVIN
Total conduction loss will be: Total conduction loss will be:
PLOSS = {IOUT/(1-D)}2(RDS_ON1 + RDS_ON2 + RDCR) PLOSS = IOUT2(RDS_ON1 +VRINDCR + RDS_ON2)
= 675mW = 300mW  375mW saving in loss P
P BUCK BOOST
COUT MP1 MP2
WhichPWMcorresponds toC~10%BOOST saving in efficiency
PWM’
VOUT for VOUT=3.3V
VSW1 V SW2
VIN
NBUCK NBOOST
MN1 MN2
OFF PWM’
PBUCK PBOOST
MP1 MP2
ON L PWM
VSW_BUCK VSW_BOOST L
NBUCK NBOOST VOUT
MN1 MN2
OFF PWM COUT

VIN VIN
RDS_ON1 RDCR RDS_ON2 2DRDS_ON1 RDCR RDS_ON2
VOUT VOUT
IIN = IOUT/(1-D) IOUT IIN = IOUT IOUT

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 55

Simulation Results – Ripple Comparison
Boost Mode
Vin = 2.7V, Vout = 3.3V, Iout=1A
Fsw = 1MHz, L = 2.2uH, Cout = 4.7uF

Hybrid 7mV Vs. Conventional  91mV

More than 10x reduction in output ripple voltage  less output cap required

Ripple Comparision
100

80

60

40

20

0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Proposed Conventional

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 56

 Efficiency Comparison
 Hybrid solution provides ~10% improvement in efficiency in
Boost mode and ~3% improvement in Buck mode
Efficiency

VIN (V)

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 57

Board Level Design Guidelines
Placement of Display Supply Driver

Samsung Galaxy S5

PCB top view

Source: teardown.com

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 59

Placement of Display Supply Driver
TI’s TPS65633 AMOLED Supply placed
right under the display connector

Samsung Galaxy S5

PCB bottom view

Source: teardown.com

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 60

EMI Guidelines
 Parasitic Inductance of all trances carrying high switching current (high
di/dt) should be minimized
 Capacitors on all voltage switching pins (high dv/dt) should placed closer
to the pin
EMI sensitive current loop -1: EMI sensitive current loop-2:
C1L1MNGND C1L1MPC2
Loop inductance should be minimized L1
Loop inductance should be minimized
VBAT
10uF C1 High 22uF C2 should be placed
C2
10V di/dt 10V closer to VOUT
VSW VOUT
C1 should be placed
closer to VBAT_IN VBAT_IN

MP

MN

On-Chip
High
di/dt
Connect directly to GND plane

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 61

Conclusion
 Power management techniques for LCD and AMOLED panels
were presented
 System level techniques such as RGBW and CABC offer
significant power savings
 Hybrid dimming of backlight can be used to reduce the risk
of flicker due to noise
 Hybrid Buck-Boost converter for AMOLED positive supply
offers better performance compared to conventional boost
or buck-boost
 Proper placement of power supply driver and passive
components mitigates the effect of EMI

Power Management System for Advanced Mobile Displays 62

Thank You