Lab Manual Control Lab To Study P Pi and Pid Temperature Controller For An Oven and Compare Their Performance
Lab Manual Control Lab To Study P Pi and Pid Temperature Controller For An Oven and Compare Their Performance
Objective: To study P, PI, and PID temperature controller for an oven and compare their
performance.
Apparatus Used:
2. Oven 1
Theory
Temperature control is one of the most common industrial control systems that are in
operation. This equipment is designed to expose the students to the intricacies of such a
system in the friendly environment of a laboratory, free from disturbance and uncertainties of
plant prevalent in an actual process. The plant to be controlled is a specially designed oven
having a short heating as well as cooling time. The temperature time data may be obtained
manually, thus avoiding expensive equipment like an X-Y recorder or a pen recorder. A solid
state temperature sensor converts the absolute temperature information to a proportional
electric signal. The reference and actual temperatures are indicated in degree Celsius on a
switch selectable digital display.
The controller unit compares the reference and the measured signals to generate the error.
Controller options available to the user consists of ON-OFF or relay with hysteresis settings and
combination of proportional, derivative and integral blocks having independent coefficients
settings. A block diagram of the complete system is shown in figure 1.
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DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET
EXPERIMENT TITLE : To study P, PI, and PID temperature controller for an oven and compare their
performance
EXPERIMENT NO. : ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE :
REV. NO. REV. DATE : 01/08/2016 PAGE /
DEPTT. : Electrical
LABORATORY : Control System EA5220 SEMESTER : V
Engineering
The Plant
Oven: This is a thermal system which basically involves transfer of heat from one section to
another.
There are three modes of heat transfer viz. conduction, convection and radiation. Heat transfer
through radiation maybe neglected in the present case since the temperature involved is quite
small. For conductive and convective heat transfer-
𝜃 = 𝛼∆𝑇
Where, 𝜃= rate of heat flow in Joules/sec
𝛼= constant
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DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET
EXPERIMENT TITLE : To study P, PI, and PID temperature controller for an oven and compare their
performance
EXPERIMENT NO. : ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE :
REV. NO. REV. DATE : 01/08/2016 PAGE /
DEPTT. : Electrical
LABORATORY : Control System EA5220 SEMESTER : V
Engineering
𝜃 = 𝐶𝑑(∆𝑇)/𝑑𝑇
Which is analogous to the V-I relationship of a capacitor, namely I=C dV/dt. In the case of heat,
The equation of an oven may be written by combining the above two equations, implying that a
part of the heat input is used in increasing the temperature of the oven and the rest goes out as
loss. Thus
𝐶𝑑𝑇
𝜃= + (1/𝑅)𝑥𝑇
𝑑𝑡
With initial condition T (t=0) = Tamb. Now, taking Laplace transform with zero initial condition
𝑇(𝑠) 𝑅
=
𝜃(𝑠) 1 + 𝑠𝐶𝑅
I=C dV/dt+V/R
Circuit Diagram-
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DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET
EXPERIMENT TITLE : To study P, PI, and PID temperature controller for an oven and compare their
performance
EXPERIMENT NO. : ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE :
REV. NO. REV. DATE : 01/08/2016 PAGE /
DEPTT. : Electrical
LABORATORY : Control System EA5220 SEMESTER : V
Engineering
PROCEDURE:
Identification of Oven Parameters: Plant identification is the first step before an attempt can
be made to control it. In the present case, oven equations are obtained experimentally from its
step response as outlined below.
In the open loop testing, the oven is driven through the P- amplifier set to a gain of 10. The
input to this amplifier is adjusted through reference potentiometer. This input can be seen on
digital display, so that when you set 5 0C, the input to P amplifier is 50 mV.
Keep switch S1 to` WAIT`, S2 to `SET` and open `FEEDBACK` terminals.
Control P output to driver input and switch ON unit.
Set P to 0.5 which gives Kp =10. Adjust reference potentiometer to read 5.0 on the DVM.
This provides an input of 0.5 V to the driver.
Put switch S2 to `MEUSRE` position and note down the room temperature.
Put switch S1 to the RUN position and note temp reading every 15 sec.. till the temp
becomes almost constant.
Plot temp- time curve on a graph paper. Referencing to fig 3., calculate T1 and T2 and
hence write the transfer function of the oven including its driver as
G(s)=K exp (-sT2)/(1+sT1), with T in 0C
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DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET
EXPERIMENT TITLE : To study P, PI, and PID temperature controller for an oven and compare their
performance
EXPERIMENT NO. : ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE :
REV. NO. REV. DATE : 01/08/2016 PAGE /
DEPTT. : Electrical
LABORATORY : Control System EA5220 SEMESTER : V
Engineering
Visit us at www.eedofdit.weebly.com
DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY MANUAL
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION SHEET
EXPERIMENT TITLE : To study P, PI, and PID temperature controller for an oven and compare their
performance
EXPERIMENT NO. : ISSUE NO. : ISSUE DATE :
REV. NO. REV. DATE : 01/08/2016 PAGE /
DEPTT. : Electrical
LABORATORY : Control System EA5220 SEMESTER : V
Engineering
Observation Table:
RESULT:
Precaution:
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