CS210 Slides 16 01 Planar Graphs
CS210 Slides 16 01 Planar Graphs
Planar Graphs
Planar Graphs and Planar Drawings
Euler’s Formula
Boundaries of Regions
Degrees of Region
Face-Edge Handshaking Lemma
Characterization of Planar Graph
Imdadullah Khan
Planar Graphs
A graph is planar if it can be drawn in the plane without any edge crossing
K3,3
Is it possible to connect the three houses to the three utilities, such that
no connections cross?
Is K3,3 planar?
A graph is planar if it can be drawn in the plane without any edge crossing
A graph is planar if it can be drawn in the plane without any edge crossing
A graph is planar if it can be drawn in the plane without any edge crossing
To prove planarity, move the vertices around, redraw the edges without
crossing (sometimes in a very indirect faction)
A graph is planar if it can be drawn in the plane without any edge crossing
To prove planarity, move the vertices around, redraw the edges without
crossing (sometimes in a very indirect faction)
Even harder to prove non-planarity
K5 K3,3
A graph is planar if it can be drawn in the plane without any edge crossing
A region (or face) is a part of the plane disconnected from other parts by
the edges of a graph
outer face
3
4 2
2 3 1 6 4 1 2
1
5
f =e −v +2 f = |faces|, e = |E |, v = |V |
outer face
3
4 2
2 3 1 6 4 1 2
1
5
f =e −v +2 f = |faces|, e = |E |, v = |V |
deg (F ) ≥ 3 =⇒ 2e ≥ 3f
Theorem
If G is a connected planar graph with v ≥ 3, then
e ≤ 3v − 6
Theorem
If G is a connected planar graph with v ≥ 3, then
e ≤ 3v − 6
K5
Theorem
If G is a connected planar graph with v ≥ 3, then
e ≤ 3v − 6
Theorem
If G is a connected planar graph with v ≥ 3, then
e ≤ 3v − 6
Corollary
If G is a connected planar graph, then G has a vertex of degree at most 5
Using this prove that any planar graph has a proper coloring using at most
5 colors
Same proof as the above, but use the fact that since no cycle is of length 3,
degree of every region is at least 4
K3,3
Kuratowski’s Theorem
A graph is nonplanar if and only if it contains a subdivision of K3,3 or K5