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Experiment 1A (Calculus)

This document discusses evaluating extrema of single variable functions. It defines absolute/global maximum and minimum values, and relative/local extreme values. It provides the extreme value theorem. It then describes MATLAB syntax used in the code to find peak values (maxima) and minimum values of functions, including the findpeaks function. An example MATLAB code is provided to illustrate evaluating and visualizing local extrema of the function f(x)=sin(abs(x)) on the interval (-2π,2π). Two exercises are included to find local and global extrema of additional functions over given intervals.

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Mukt Shah
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26 views3 pages

Experiment 1A (Calculus)

This document discusses evaluating extrema of single variable functions. It defines absolute/global maximum and minimum values, and relative/local extreme values. It provides the extreme value theorem. It then describes MATLAB syntax used in the code to find peak values (maxima) and minimum values of functions, including the findpeaks function. An example MATLAB code is provided to illustrate evaluating and visualizing local extrema of the function f(x)=sin(abs(x)) on the interval (-2π,2π). Two exercises are included to find local and global extrema of additional functions over given intervals.

Uploaded by

Mukt Shah
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Mathematics

School of Advanced Sciences


BMAT 101P – Calculus (MATLAB)
IMAT101P
Experiment 1–A
Evaluating extremum of a single variable function

Absolute/Global Extrema

• Let f (x) be a function defined in [a, b] . Then f has an absolute maximum value
on [a, b] at a point c  [a, b] if f ( x)  f (c) for all x  [a, b] .
• Let f (x) be a function defined in [a, b] . Then f has an absolute minimum value
on [a, b] at a point c  [a, b] if f ( x)  f (c) for all x  [a, b] .

Extreme value theorem

If f is continuous on a closed interval [a, b] , then f attains both an absolute maximum


value M and an absolute minimum value m in [a, b] .

Relative/Local Extreme values

• A function f has a local maximum value at an interior point c of its domain if


f ( x)  f (c) for all x in some open interval containing c .
• A function f has a local minimum value at an interior point c of its domain if
f ( x)  f (c) for all x in some open interval containing c .

• A function f has a local maximum or minimum value at an interior point c of its


domain, and if f is defined at c , then f (c) = 0 .

MATLAB syntax used in the code:

Here we used the inbuilt function findpeaks to find the peak values (maxima) of the
function f (x) at the interior points of the given interval.
For finding minimum value of f (x) , we have considered f1 ( x) = − f ( x) and used the
findpeaks function.

The syntax [lmax_f,loc]=findpeaks(f) finds the local maximum value(s)


of the discrete function i.e., lmax_f and the location (index of x-value) loc of the
local maxima.

The global maximum and minimum of the function can be clearly visualised from the
generated graph.

Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. Page 1


The following MATLAB code illustrates the evaluation and visualization of local
extrema of a function f ( x) = sin | x | in an interval I = (−2π, π ) .

clear
clc
syms x
f(x)=sin(abs(x));
I=[-2*pi,2*pi];
f1(x)=-f(x);
a=I(1);b=I(2);
t=linspace(a,b,10000); %Discretizing the interval I
g=double(f(t)); %Finding the values of f(x) at t values
[lmax_f,loc]=findpeaks(g);
lmax_x=round(t(loc),4);
h=double(f1(t));
[lmin_f,loc]=findpeaks(h);
lmin_x=round(t(loc),4);
disp('Local maximum occur at x=')
disp(lmax_x)
disp('The Local Maximum value(s) of the function are ')
disp(double(f(lmax_x)))
disp('Local minimum occur at x=')
disp(lmin_x)
disp('The Local Minimum value(s) of the function are ')
disp(double(f(lmin_x)))
plot(t,f(t));hold on; %Plotting the function
plot(lmax_x,double(f(lmax_x)),'or');%Pointing the local
maxima on the curve of f(x)
plot(lmin_x,double(f(lmin_x)),'*g');%Pointing the local
minima on the curve of f(x)
hold off

Output

Local maximum occur at x=


-1.5703 1.5703
The Local Maximum value(s) of the function are
1.0000 1.0000
Local minimum occur at x=
-4.7122 -0.0006 4.7122
The Local Minimum value(s) of the function are
-1.0000 0.0006 -1.0000

Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. Page 2


EXERCISE

1. Find the local and global maxima and minima for the function x 3 − 12 x − 5 on x  (−4, 4) .

2. Find the local and global maxima and minima for the function x + sin 2 x on x  (−5, 5) .

Department of Mathematics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore. Page 3

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