Topical Past Paper (from 2010 to 2022)

Cambridge International AS & A Level

Mathematics 9709
For examination in June and November 2010 to 2022.

Rudra Prasad Pandey

Cambridge International
Cambridge ASAS
International Level
and A Level
Mathematics
Mathematics
Cambridge International AS and A Level
Mathematics
9709

Topical Past Paper With Answer

From (2010-2022)

Pure Mathematics 1

Cambridge International AS and A Level

Mathematics

Desined By:

Rudra Prasad Pandey

Department of Mathematics
 Contants

1. Quadratics ............................................................................ 1 - 6

2. Function ................................................................................ 7 - 26

3. Transformation ....................................................................27 - 29

4. Coordinate-Geometry & Circle .............................................30 - 41

5. Circular Measure...................................................................42 - 70

6. Trigonometry ........................................................................71 - 86

7. Binomial Theorem ................................................................87 - 94

8. Series...................................................................................95 - 107

9. Differentiation ...................................................................108 - 120

10 Integration.........................................................................121 - 147

11. Answer ............................................................................. 148 - 154

 Quadratics

1 The line x 2y
9 intersects the curve xy 18
0 at the points A and B. Find the coordinates of A
and B. [4]
2002 sp1 q1
Ans : (-3, 6)

2 (a) Express x2 − 8x + 11 in the form x + p
2 + q where p and q are constants. [2]

(b) Hence find the exact solutions of the equation x2 − 8x + 11 = 1. [2]

qp11 q1 s22

2 1 2
3 The equation of a curve is y = 4x − kx + 2 k and the equation of a line is y = x − a, where k and a are
constants.

(a) Given that the curve and the line intersect at the points with x-coordinates 0 and 34 , find the values
of k and a. [4]
(b) Given instead that a = − 72 , find the values of k for which the line is a tangent to the curve. [5]
qp12 q5 s22

4 The equation of a curve is y = 2k − 3
x2 − kx − k − 2
, where k is a constant. The line y = 3x − 4 is a

tangent to the curve.

Find the value of k. [5]

qp11 q6 s21

5 (a) Express 16x2 − 24x + 10 in the form 4x + a
2 + b. [2]

(b) It is given that the equation 16x2 − 24x + 10 = k, where k is a constant, has exactly one root.

Find the value of this root. [2]

qp12 q1 s21

2
6 A line with equation y = mx − 6 is a tangent to the curve with equation y = x − 4x + 3.

Find the possible values of the constant m, and the corresponding coordinates of the points at which
the line touches the curve. [6]
qp13 q3 s21

7 A curve has equation y = kx2 + 2x − k and a line has equation y = kx − 2, where k is a constant.

Find the set of values of k for which the curve and line do not intersect. [5]
qp11 q2 w21

1 Rudra Pr. Pandey

8 The equation of a curve is y = 2x2 + m 2x + 1
, where m is a constant, and the equation of a line is
y = 6x + 4.

Show that, for all values of m, the line intersects the curve at two distinct points. [5]
qp12 q3 w20

9 A curve has equation y = 3x2 − 4x + 4 and a straight line has equation y = mx + m − 1, where m is a
constant.

Find the set of values of m for which the curve and the line have two distinct points of intersection.
qp13 q4 w20 [5]

10 The equation of a line is y = mx + c, where m and c are constants, and the equation of a curve is
xy = 16.

(a) Given that the line is a tangent to the curve, express m in terms of c. [3]

(b) Given instead that m = −4, find the set of values of c for which the line intersects the curve at
two distinct points. [3]
qp11 q5 s20

11 The equation of a curve is y = 2x2 + kx + k − 1, where k is a constant.

(a) Given that the line y = 2x + 3 is a tangent to the curve, find the value of k. [3]

It is now given that k = 2.

(b) Express the equation of the curve in the form y = 2 x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants, and
hence state the coordinates of the vertex of the curve. [3]
qp12 q6 s20

12 The line 4y = x + c, where c is a constant, is a tangent to the curve y2 = x + 3 at the point P on the
curve.

(i) Find the value of c. [3]

(ii) Find the coordinates of P. [2]
qp11 q2 s19

13 A straight line has gradient m and passes through the point 0, −2
. Find the two values of m for
which the line is a tangent to the curve y = x2 − 2x + 7 and, for each value of m, find the coordinates
of the point where the line touches the curve. [7]
qp11 q6 w19

14 A line has equation y = 3kx − 2k and a curve has equation y = x2 − kx + 2, where k is a constant.

(i) Find the set of values of k for which the line and curve meet at two distinct points. [4]

(ii) For each of two particular values of k, the line is a tangent to the curve. Show that these two
tangents meet on the x-axis. [3]
qp13 q6 w19

2 Rudra Pr. Pandey

 1
15 (a) Showing all necessary working, solve the equation 4x − 112x + 6 = 0. [3]

(b) A line has equation y = x + 1 and a curve has equation y = x2 + bx + 5. Find the set of values of the
constant b for which the line meets the curve. [4]
qp11 q1&2 w18

The equation of a curve is y = 2x + and the equation of a line is y + x = k, where k is a constant.

12
16
x
(i) Find the set of values of k for which the line does not meet the curve. [3]

In the case where k = 15, the curve intersects the line at points A and B.

(ii) Find the coordinates of A and B. [3]

qp12 q10 w18

17 A curve has equation y = 2x2 − 3x + 1 and a line has equation y = kx + k2 , where k is a constant.

(i) Show that, for all values of k, the curve and the line meet. [4]

(ii) State the value of k for which the line is a tangent to the curve and find the coordinates of the
point where the line touches the curve. [4]
qp13 q9 w18

18 The equation of a curve is y = x2 − 6x + k, where k is a constant.

(i) Find the set of values of k for which the whole of the curve lies above the x-axis. [2]

(ii) Find the value of k for which the line y + 2x = 7 is a tangent to the curve. [3]
qp12 q2 s18

19 Express 3x2 − 12x + 7 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]
qp13 q1 s18
2 1
20 Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve y = x 3 − 1 with the curve y = x 3 + 1. [4]
qp13 q3 s17

2
2 Find the set of values of a for which the curve y = − and the straight line y = ax + 3a meet at two
x
distinct points. [4]
qp13 q2 w17

22 (i) Express x2 + 6x + 2 in the form x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the set of values of x for which x2 + 6x + 2 > 9. [2]
qp11 q2 w16

3 Rudra Pr. Pandey

23 A curve has equation y = 2x2 − 6x + 5.

(i) Find the set of values of x for which y > 13. [3]

(ii) Find the value of the constant k for which the line y = 2x + k is a tangent to the curve. [3]
qp12 q3 w16

24 (a) Find the values of the constant m for which the line y = mx is a tangent to the curve y = 2x2 − 4x + 8.
[3]

(b) The function f is defined for x ∈ > by f x
= x2 + ax + b, where a and b are constants. The
solutions of the equation f x
= 0 are x = 1 and x = 9. Find
(i) the values of a and b, [2]
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex of the curve y = f x
. [2]
qp11 q6 s16

25 Express 2x2 − 12x + 7 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]
qp13 q1 s15

26 A curve has equation y = x2 − x + 3 and a line has equation y = 3x + a, where a is a constant.

(i) Show that the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the line and the curve are given by
the equation x2 − 4x + 3 − a
= 0. [1]

(ii) For the case where the line intersects the curve at two points, it is given that the x-coordinate of
one of the points of intersection is −1. Find the x-coordinate of the other point of intersection.
[2]

(iii) For the case where the line is a tangent to the curve at a point P, find the value of a and the
coordinates of P. [4]
qp11 q6 w15

27 A line has equation y = 2x − 7 and a curve has equation y = x2 − 4x + c, where c is a constant. Find
the set of possible values of c for which the line does not intersect the curve. [3]
qp13 q1 w15

28 Find the set of values of k for which the line y = 2x − k meets the curve y = x2 + kx − 2 at two distinct
points. [5]
qp11 q5 w14

29 (i) Express 4x2 − 12x in the form 2x + a
2 + b. [2]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the set of values of x satisfying 4x2 − 12x > 7. [2]
qp11 q2

4 Rudra Pr. Pandey

30 (i) Express 2x2 − 10x + 8 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants, and use your
answer to state the minimum value of 2x2 − 10x + 8. [4]

(ii) Find the set of values of k for which the equation 2x2 − 10x + 8 = kx has no real roots. [4]
qp13 q8 s14

12
31 The straight line y = mx + 14 is a tangent to the curve y = + 2 at the point P. Find the value of the
x
constant m and the coordinates of P. [5]
qp12 q3 s13

32 A curve has equation y = 2x2 − 3x.

(i) Find the set of values of x for which y > 9. [3]

(ii) Express 2x2 − 3x in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants, and state the coordinates
of the vertex of the curve. [4]

The functions f and g are defined for all real values of x by

f x
= 2x2 − 3x and g x
= 3x + k ,
where k is a constant.

(iii) Find the value of k for which the equation gf x
= 0 has equal roots. [3]
qp12 q10 w13

33 Solve the inequality x2 − x − 2 > 0. [3]

qp13 q1 w13

x
34 The line y = + k, where k is a constant, is a tangent to the curve 4y = x2 at the point P. Find
k
(i) the value of k, [3]
(ii) the coordinates of P. [3]
qp12 q4 w12

2
35 A straight line has equation y = −2x + k, where k is a constant, and a curve has equation y = .
x−3
(i) Show that the x-coordinates of any points of intersection of the line and curve are given by the
equation 2x2 − (6 + k)x + (2 + 3k) = 0. [1]

(ii) Find the two values of k for which the line is a tangent to the curve. [3]

The two tangents, given by the values of k found in part (ii), touch the curve at points A and B.

(iii) Find the coordinates of A and B and the equation of the line AB. [6]
qp13 q10 w12

5 Rudra Pr. Pandey

36 The equation of a line is 2y + x = k, where k is a constant, and the equation of a curve is xy = 6.

(i) In the case where k = 8, the line intersects the curve at the points A and B. Find the equation of
the perpendicular bisector of the line AB. [6]

(ii) Find the set of values of k for which the line 2y + x = k intersects the curve xy = 6 at two distinct
points. [3]
qp13 q10 s12

37 (i) Express 2x2 − 4x + 1 in the form a(x + b)2 + c and hence state the coordinates of the minimum
point, A, on the curve y = 2x2 − 4x + 1. [4]

The line x − y + 4 = 0 intersects the curve y = 2x2 − 4x + 1 at points P and Q. It is given that the
coordinates of P are (3, 7).

(ii) Find the coordinates of Q. [3]

(iii) Find the equation of the line joining Q to the mid-point of AP. [3]
qp11 q10 s11

38 The equation x2 + px + q = 0, where p and q are constants, has roots −3 and 5.

(i) Find the values of p and q. [2]

(ii) Using these values of p and q, find the value of the constant r for which the equation
x2 + px + q + r = 0 has equal roots. [3]
qp12 q3 s11

39 The equation of a curve is y2 + 2x = 13 and the equation of a line is 2y + x = k, where k is a constant.

(i) In the case where k = 8, find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the line and the curve.
[4]

(ii) Find the value of k for which the line is a tangent to the curve. [3]
qp12 q4 w11

40 (i) A straight line passes through the point (2, 0) and has gradient m. Write down the equation of
the line. [1]

(ii) Find the two values of m for which the line is a tangent to the curve y = x2 − 4x + 5. For each
value of m, find the coordinates of the point where the line touches the curve. [6]

(iii) Express x2 − 4x + 5 in the form (x + a)2 + b and hence, or otherwise, write down the coordinates
of the minimum point on the curve. [2]
qp13 q7 s11

6 Rudra Pr. Pandey

 Function

1 The functions f and g are defined by

3x  2,x ,
f : x

g:x
x  , x ≠ 1.5.
6
2x  3
,

(i) Find the value of x for which fg(x)  3. [3]

(ii) Sketch, in a single diagram, the graphs of y  f(x) and y  f (x), making clear the relationship
1

between the two graphs. [3]

(iii) Express each of f 1

(x) and g 1
(x) in terms of x, and solve the equation f 1
(x ) g 1
(x). [5]
2002 q10
Ans: (i) 7.5, (iii) x = 2, -4.5

2 The function f is defined as follows:

x2 − 4
f x
= for x > 2.
x2 + 4
(a) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

8 x2 − 4
(b) Show that 1 − can be expressed as and hence state the range of f. [4]
x2 + 4 x2 + 4
(c) Explain why the composite function ff cannot be formed. [1]

qp11 q6 s22

3 The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 − 16x + 23 for x < 3.

(a) Express f x
in the form 2 x + a
2 + b. [2]

(b) Find the range of f. [1]

(c) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

The function g is defined by g x
= 2x + 4 for x < −1.

(d) Find and simplify an expression for fg x
. [2]

qp13 q6 s22

7 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 4 Functions f and g are defined as follows:
2x + 1
f x
= for x ≠ 12 ,
2x − 1
g x
= x2 + 4 for x ∈ >.

(a)
y

x
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6

−2

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = f x
.

State the domain of f −1 . [1]

(b) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

(c) Find gf −1 3
. [2]

(d) Explain why g−1 x
cannot be found. [1]
2 2x + 1
(e) Show that 1 + can be expressed as . Hence find the area of the triangle enclosed
2x − 1 2x − 1
by the tangent to the curve y = f x
at the point where x = 1 and the x- and y-axes. [6]
qp12 q10 s22

5 Functions f and g are defined as follows:

2
f x
= x − 2
− 4 for x ≥ 2,
g x
= ax + 2 for x ∈ >,
where a is a constant.

(a) State the range of f. [1]

(b) Find f −1 x
. [2]

(c) Given that a = − 53 , solve the equation f x
= g x
. [3]

(d) Given instead that ggf −1 12
= 62, find the possible values of a. [5]
qp11 q9 s21

8 Rudra Prasad Pandey

6 The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 + 3 for x ≥ 0.

(a) Find and simplify an expression for ff x
. [2]

(b) Solve the equation ff x
= 34x2 + 19. [4]

qp12 q5 s21

7 Functions f and g are defined as follows:

2
f : x  → x − 1 for x < 0,
1
g : x  → for x < − 12 .
2x + 1

(a) Solve the equation fg x
= 3. [4]

(b) Find an expression for fg
−1 x
. [3]

qp13 q8 s21

8 Functions f, g and h are defined as follows:

1
f : x  → x − 4x 2 + 1 for x ≥ 0,
g : x  → mx2 + n for x ≥ −2, where m and n are constants,
1
h : x  → x 2 − 2 for x ≥ 0.


(a) Solve the equation f x
= 0, giving your solutions in the form x = a + b c, where a, b and c are
integers. [4]
(b) Given that f x
 gh x
, find the values of m and n. [4]
qp12 q9 m22

9 Functions f and g are defined as follows:

2
f : x  → x + 2x + 3 for x ≤ −1,
g : x  → 2x + 1 for x ≥ −1.

(a) Express f x
in the form x + a
2 + b and state the range of f. [3]

(b) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [2]

(c) Solve the equation gf x
= 13. [3]
qp12 q7 m21

9 Rudra Prasad Pandey

10 (a) Express −3x2 + 12x + 2 in the form −3 x − a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]

The one-one function f is defined by f : x  → −3x2 + 12x + 2 for x ≤ k.

(b) State the largest possible value of the constant k. [1]

It is now given that k = −1.

(c) State the range of f. [1]

(d) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

−3
@ A
The result of translating the graph of y = f x
by is the graph of y = g x
.
1

(e) Express g x
in the form px2 + qx + r , where p, q and r are constants. [3]
qp11 q8 w21

11 The function f is defined as follows:

x+3
f x
= for x > 1.
x−1
(a) Find the value of ff 5
. [2]

(b) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

qp12 q3 w21

12
y

x
O

y = f x

The diagram shows the graph of y = f x
.

(a) On this diagram sketch the graph of y = f −1 x
. [1]

x
It is now given that f x
= −  where −2 < x < 2.
4 − x2

(b) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [4]

10 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 The function g is defined by g x
= 2x for −a < x < a, where a is a constant.

(c) State the maximum possible value of a for which fg can be formed. [1]
(d) Assuming that fg can be formed, find and simplify an expression for fg x
. [2]
qp13 q6 w21

13 The functions f and g are defined by

2
f x
= x + 3 for x > 0,
g x
= 2x + 1 for x > − 12 .

(a) Find an expression for fg x
. [1]

(b) Find an expression for fg
−1 x
and state the domain of fg
−1 . [4]
(c) Solve the equation fg x
− 3 = gf x
. [4]
qp11 q11 w20

14 Functions f and g are defined by

f x
= 4x − 2, for x ∈ >,
4
g x
= , for x ∈ >, x ≠ −1.
x+1

(a) Find the value of fg 7
. [1]

(b) Find the values of x for which f −1 x
= g−1 x
. [5]

qp12 q5 w12

The function f is defined by f x
= for x > 13 .

2x
3x − 1
15

(a) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

+
2 2 2x
3 3 3x − 1
3x − 1
(b) Show that can be expressed as . [2]

(c) State the range of f. [1]

qp13 q6 w20

16 Functions f and g are defined for x ∈ > by

1
f : x  → 2 x − a,
g : x  → 3x + b,

where a and b are constants.

(a) Given that gg 2
= 10 and f −1 2
= 14, find the values of a and b. [4]
(b) Using these values of a and b, find an expression for gf x
in the form cx + d , where c and d are
constants. [2]
qp11 q6 s20
11 Rudra Prasad Pandey
17 The function f is defined for x ∈ > by
f : x  → a − 2x,
where a is a constant.

(a) Express ff x
and f −1 x
in terms of a and x. [4]

(b) Given that ff x
= f −1 x
, find x in terms of a. [2]

qp12 q5 s20

18 The functions f and g are defined by

2
f x
= x − 4x + 3 for x > c, where c is a constant,
1
g x
= for x > −1.
x+1

(a) Express f x
in the form x − a
2 + b. [2]

It is given that f is a one-one function.

(b) State the smallest possible value of c. [1]

It is now given that c = 5.

(c) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [3]

(d) Find an expression for gf x
and state the range of gf. [3]
qp13 q9 s20

2 2
19 (a) Express 2x + 12x + 11 in the form 2 x + a
+ b, where a and b are constants. [2]

The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 + 12x + 11 for x ≤ −4.

(b) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [3]

The function g is defined by g x
= 2x − 3 for x ≤ k.

(c) For the case where k = −1, solve the equation fg x
= 193. [2]

(d) State the largest value of k possible for the composition fg to be defined. [1]
qp12 q9 m20

20 (i) Express x2 − 4x + 7 in the form x + a
2 + b. [2]

The function f is defined by f x
= x2 − 4x + 7 for x < k, where k is a constant.

(ii) State the largest value of k for which f is a decreasing function. [1]
The value of k is now given to be 1.
(iii) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [3]
2
(iv) The function g is defined by g x
= for x > 1. Find an expression for gf x
and state the
x−1
range of gf. [4]
qp12 q8 m19

12 Rudra Prasad Pandey

21 The function f is defined by f x
= −2x2 + 12x − 3 for x ∈ >.

(i) Express −2x2 + 12x − 3 in the form −2 x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]

(ii) State the greatest value of f x
. [1]

The function g is defined by g x
= 2x + 5 for x ∈ >.

(iii) Find the values of x for which gf x
+ 1 = 0. [3]

qp11 q5 s19

22 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x  → 3x − 2, x ∈ >,
2x + 3
g : x  → , x ∈ >, x ≠ 1.
x−1

(i) Obtain expressions for f −1 x
and g−1 x
, stating the value of x for which g−1 x
is not defined.
[4]
(ii) Solve the equation fg x
= 73 . [3]
qp12 q7 s19

48
23 The function f is defined by f x
= for 3 ≤ x ≤ 7. The function g is defined by g x
= 2x − 4 for
x−1
a ≤ x ≤ b, where a and b are constants.

(i) Find the greatest value of a and the least value of b which will permit the formation of the
composite function gf. [2]
It is now given that the conditions for the formation of gf are satisfied.

(ii) Find an expression for gf x
. [1]

(iii) Find an expression for gf
−1 x
. [2]

qp13 q4 s19

24 Functions f and g are defined by

3
f : x  → for x > 0,
2x + 1
1
g : x  → + 2 for x > 0.
x
(i) Find the range of f and the range of g. [3]
ax
(ii) Find an expression for fg x
, giving your answer in the form , where a, b and c are integers.
bx + c
[2]
(iii) Find an expression for fg
−1 x
, giving your answer in the same form as for part (ii). [3]

qp11 q7 w19

13 Rudra Prasad Pandey

25 Functions f and g are defined by

f x
= 2x2 + 8x + 1 for x ∈ >,

g x
= 2x − k for x ∈ >,

where k is a constant.

(i) Find the value of k for which the line y = g x
is a tangent to the curve y = f x
. [3]
(ii) In the case where k = −9, find the set of values of x for which f x
< g x
. [3]

(iii) In the case where k = −1, find g−1 f x
and solve the equation g−1 f x
= 0. [3]
qp12 q9 w19

26 The function g is defined by g x
= x2 − 6x + 7 for x > 4. By first completing the square, find an
expression for g−1 x
and state the domain of g−1 . [5]
qp13q2 w19

27 (a) The one-one function f is defined by f x
= x − 3
2 − 1 for x < a, where a is a constant.
(i) State the greatest possible value of a. [1]

(ii) It is given that a takes this greatest possible value. State the range of f and find an expression
for f −1 x
. [3]

(b) The function g is defined by g x
= x − 3
2 for x ≥ 0.

(i) Show that gg 2x
can be expressed in the form 2x − 3
4 + b 2x − 3
2 + c, where b and c are
constants to be found. [2]
(ii) Hence expand gg 2x
completely, simplifying your answer. [4]
qp11 q11 w18

28 The function f is defined by f : x  → 2x2 − 12x + 7 for x ∈ >.

(i) Express 2x2 − 12x + 7 in the form 2 x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]
(ii) State the range of f. [1]

The function g is defined by g : x  → 2x2 − 12x + 7 for x ≤ k.

(iii) State the largest value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]
(iv) Given that g has an inverse, find an expression for g−1 x
. [3]
qp12 q9 w18

14 Rudra Prasad Pandey

29 (i) Express 2x2 − 12x + 11 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 − 12x + 11 for x ≤ k.

(ii) State the largest value of the constant k for which f is a one-one function. [1]

(iii) For this value of k find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [4]

The function g is defined by g x
= x + 3 for x ≤ p.

(iv) With k now taking the value 1, find the largest value of the constant p which allows the composite
function fg to be formed, and find an expression for fg x
whenever this composite function
exists. [3]
qp13 q11 w18

30 Functions f and g are defined for x ∈ > by

1
f : x  → 2 x − 2,
g : x  → 4 + x − 12 x2 .

(i) Find the points of intersection of the graphs of y = f x
and y = g x
. [3]

(ii) Find the set of values of x for which f x
> g x
. [2]

(iii) Find an expression for fg x
and deduce the range of fg. [4]

The function h is defined by h : x  → 4 + x − 12 x2 for x ≥ k.

(iv) Find the smallest value of k for which h has an inverse. [2]
qp11 q9 s18

31 The function f is defined by f : x  → 7 − 2x2 − 12x for x ∈ >.

(i) Express 7 − 2x2 − 12x in the form a − 2 x + b
2 , where a and b are constants. [2]

(ii) State the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = f x
. [1]

The function g is defined by g : x  → 7 − 2x2 − 12x for x ≥ k.

(iii) State the smallest value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

(iv) For this value of k, find g−1 x
. [3]

qp12 q7 s18

15 Rudra Prasad Pandey

32 The one-one function f is defined by f x
= x − 2
2 + 2 for x ≥ c, where c is a constant.

(i) State the smallest possible value of c. [1]

In parts (ii) and (iii) the value of c is 4.

(ii) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [3]

(iii) Solve the equation ff x
= 51, giving your answer in the form a + ïb. [5]
qp13 q10 s18

2
33 The function f is defined by f : x  → for x ∈ >, x ≠ 32 .
3 − 2x

(i) Find an expression for f −1 x
. [3]

The function g is defined by g : x  → 4x + a for x ∈ >, where a is a constant.

(ii) Find the value of a for which gf −1
= 3. [3]

(iii) Find the possible values of a given that the equation f −1 x
= g−1 x
has two equal roots. [4]
qp11 q9 s17

34 (i) Express 9x2 − 6x + 6 in the form ax + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

The function f is defined by f x
= 9x2 − 6x + 6 for x ≥ p, where p is a constant.

(ii) State the smallest value of p for which f is a one-one function. [1]

(iii) For this value of p, obtain an expression for f −1 x
, and state the domain of f −1 . [4]
(iv) State the set of values of q for which the equation f x
= q has no solution. [1]
qp13 q9 s17

35 Functions f and g are defined for x > 3 by

1
f : x  → 2
,
x −9
g : x  → 2x − 3.

(i) Find and simplify an expression for gg x
. [2]

(ii) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [4]

(iii) Solve the equation fg x
= 17 . [4]

qp11 qq9 w17

16 Rudra Prasad Pandey

36 A function f is defined by f : x  → 4 − 5x for x ∈ >.

(i) Find an expression for f −1 x
and find the point of intersection of the graphs of y = f x
and
y = f −1 x
. [3]

(ii) Sketch, on the same diagram, the graphs of y = f x
and y = f −1 x
, making clear the relationship
between the graphs. [3]
qp12 q2 w17

37 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x  → 10 − 3x, x ∈ >,
10
g : x  → , x ∈ >, x ≠ 32 .
3 − 2x
Solve the equation ff x
= gf 2
. [3]

(b) The function f is defined by f : x  → 6x − x2 − 5 for x ∈ >.

(i) Find the set of values of x for which f x
≤ 3. [3]

(ii) Given that the line y = mx + c is a tangent to the curve y = f x
, show that 4c = m2 − 12m + 16.
[3]

The function g is defined by g : x  → 6x − x2 − 5 for x ≥ k, where k is a constant.

(iii) Express 6x − x2 − 5 in the form a − x − b
2 , where a and b are constants. [2]

(iv) State the smallest value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

(v) For this value of k, find an expression for g−1 x
. [2]
qp12 q1&11 s16

38 The function f is such that f x
= 2x + 3 for x ≥ 0. The function g is such that g x
= ax2 + b for x ≤ q,
where a, b and q are constants. The function fg is such that fg x
= 6x2 − 21 for x ≤ q.

(i) Find the values of a and b. [3]

(ii) Find the greatest possible value of q. [2]

It is now given that q = −3.

(iii) Find the range of fg. [1]

(iv) Find an expression for fg
−1 x
and state the domain of fg
−1 . [3]
qp13 q10 s16

17 Rudra Prasad Pandey

39 The function f is defined by f : x  → 2x2 − 6x + 5 for x ∈ >.

(i) Find the set of values of p for which the equation f x
= p has no real roots. [3]

The function g is defined by g : x  → 2x2 − 6x + 5 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.

(ii) Express g x
in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(iii) Find the range of g. [2]

The function h is defined by h : x  → 2x2 − 6x + 5 for k ≤ x ≤ 4, where k is a constant.

(iv) State the smallest value of k for which h has an inverse. [1]

(v) For this value of k, find an expression for h−1 x
. [3]
qp11 q11 s15

40
y

x
O

1 − 5x
y=
2x

1 − 5x
The diagram shows the graph of y = f −1 x
, where f −1 is defined by f −1 x
= for 0 < x ≤ 2.
2x

(i) Find an expression for f x
and state the domain of f. [5]

1
(ii) The function g is defined by g x
= for x ≥ 1. Find an expression for f −1 g x
, giving your
x
answer in the form ax + b, where a and b are constants to be found. [2]
qp13 q6 s15

18 Rudra Prasad Pandey

41 The functions f and g are defined by
4
f x
= − 2 for x > 0,
x
4
g x
= for x ≥ 0.
5x + 2

(i) Find and simplify an expression for fg x
and state the range of fg. [3]

(ii) Find an expression for g−1 x
and find the domain of g−1 . [5]
qp11 q8 w16

2 2
42 (i) Express 4x + 12x + 10 in the form ax + b
+ c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(ii) Functions f and g are both defined for x > 0. It is given that f x
= x2 + 1 and fg x
= 4x2 + 12x + 10.
Find g x
. [1]

(iii) Find fg
−1 x
and give the domain of fg
−1 . [4]

qp13 q8 w16

43 (i) Express −x2 + 6x − 5 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

The function f : x  → −x2 + 6x − 5 is defined for x ≥ m, where m is a constant.

(ii) State the smallest value of m for which f is one-one. [1]

(iii) For the case where m = 5, find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [4]
qp11 q9 w15

44 The function f is defined by f x
= 3x + 1 for x ≤ a, where a is a constant. The function g is defined

by g x
= −1 − x2 for x ≤ −1.

(i) Find the largest value of a for which the composite function gf can be formed. [2]

For the case where a = −1,

(ii) solve the equation fg x
+ 14 = 0, [3]
(iii) find the set of values of x which satisfy the inequality gf x
≤ −50. [4]
qp13 q8 w15

19 Rudra Prasad Pandey

45 (i) Express x2 − 2x − 15 in the form
x + a2 + b. [2]

The function f is defined for p ≤ x ≤ q, where p and q are positive constants, by

f : x → x2 − 2x − 15.
The range of f is given by c ≤ f
x ≤ d, where c and d are constants.

(ii) State the smallest possible value of c. [1]

For the case where c = 9 and d = 65,

(iii) find p and q, [4]
(iv) find an expression for f −1
x. [3]
qp11 q10 w14

46 (a) The functions f and g are defined for x ≥ 0 by

1
f : x →
ax + b 3 , where a and b are positive constants,
g : x → x2 .

Given that fg
1 = 2 and gf
9 = 16,

(i) calculate the values of a and b, [4]
(ii) obtain an expression for f −1
x and state the domain of f −1 . [4]
qp13 q10 w14

47
y

x
O

The diagram shows the function f defined for −1 ≤ x ≤ 4, where

t
3x − 2 for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1,
f x
= 4
for 1 < x ≤ 4.
5−x

20 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 (i) State the range of f. [1]

(ii) Copy the diagram and on your copy sketch the graph of y = f −1 x
. [2]

(iii) Obtain expressions to define the function f −1 , giving also the set of values for which each
expression is valid. [6]
qp11 q10 s14

48 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x  → 2x − 3, x ∈ >,
g : x  → x2 + 4x, x ∈ >.

(i) Solve the equation ff x
= 11. [2]

(ii) Find the range of g. [2]

(iii) Find the set of values of x for which g x
> 12. [3]

(iv) Find the value of the constant p for which the equation gf x
= p has two equal roots. [3]

Function h is defined by h : x  → x2 + 4x for x ≥ k, and it is given that h has an inverse.

(v) State the smallest possible value of k. [1]

(vi) Find an expression for h−1 x
. [4]

qp12 q10 s14

49 (i) Express 2x2 − 12x + 13 in the form a x + b
2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(ii) The function f is defined by f x
= 2x2 − 12x + 13 for x ≥ k, where k is a constant. It is given
that f is a one-one function. State the smallest possible value of k. [1]

The value of k is now given to be 7.

(iii) Find the range of f. [1]

(iv) Find an expression for f −1 x
and state the domain of f −1 . [5]

qp11 q8 s13

21 Rudra Prasad Pandey

50 The function f is defined by f : x  → 2x + k, x ∈ >, where k is a constant.

(i) In the case where k = 3, solve the equation ff x
= 25. [2]

The function g is defined by g : x  → x2 − 6x + 8, x ∈ >.

(ii) Find the set of values of k for which the equation f x
= g x
has no real solutions. [3]

The function h is defined by h : x  → x2 − 6x + 8, x > 3.

(iii) Find an expression for h−1 x
. [4]

qp13 q10 s13

51 The function f is defined by

f : x  → x2 + 1 for x ≥ 0.

(i) Define in a similar way the inverse function f −1 . [3]

(ii) Solve the equation ff x
= 185

16
. [3]
qp11 q5 w13

52 The function f is defined by f : x  → x2 + 4x for x ≥ c, where c is a constant. It is given that f is a

one-one function.

(i) State the range of f in terms of c and find the smallest possible value of c. [3]

The function g is defined by g : x  → ax + b for x ≥ 0, where a and b are positive constants. It is given
that, when c = 0, gf 1
= 11 and fg 1
= 21.

(ii) Write down two equations in a and b and solve them to find the values of a and b. [6]
qp13 q10 w13

53 The function f is defined by f (x) = 4x2 − 24x + 11, for x ∈ >.

(i) Express f (x) in the form a(x − b)2 + c and hence state the coordinates of the vertex of the graph
of y = f (x). [4]

The function g is defined by g(x) = 4x2 − 24x + 11, for x ≤ 1.

(ii) State the range of g. [2]

(iii) Find an expression for g−1 (x) and state the domain of g−1 . [4]
qp11 q10 w12

22 Rudra Prasad Pandey

54 y

y = 11 – x 2

A (p, q)

x
O

y=5–x

(i) The diagram shows part of the curve y = 11 − x2 and part of the straight line y = 5 − x meeting at
the point A (p, q), where p and q are positive constants. Find the values of p and q. [3]

(ii) The function f is defined for the domain x ≥ 0 by

f (x ) = 
11 − x2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ p,
5−x for x > p.
Express f −1 (x) in a similar way. [5]
qp13q7 w12

55 The function f : x  → x2 − 4x + k is defined for the domain x ≥ p, where k and p are constants.

(i) Express f (x) in the form (x + a)2 + b + k, where a and b are constants. [2]

(ii) State the range of f in terms of k. [1]

(iii) State the smallest value of p for which f is one-one. [1]

(iv) For the value of p found in part (iii), find an expression for f −1 (x) and state the domain of f −1 ,
giving your answers in terms of k. [4]
qp11 q8 s12

23 Rudra Prasad Pandey

56 Functions f and g are defined by
f : x  → 2x + 5 for x ∈ >,
8
g : x  → for x ∈ >, x ≠ 3.
x−3

(i) Obtain expressions, in terms of x, for f −1 (x) and g−1 (x), stating the value of x for which g−1 (x)
is not defined. [4]

(ii) Sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = f −1 (x) on the same diagram, making clear the relationship
between the two graphs. [3]

(iii) Given that the equation fg(x) = 5 − kx, where k is a constant, has no solutions, find the set of
possible values of k. [5]
qp12 q10 s12

57 The function f is such that f (x) = 8 − (x − 2)2 , for x ∈ >.

(i) Find the coordinates and the nature of the stationary point on the curve y = f (x). [3]

The function g is such that g(x) = 8 − (x − 2)2 , for k ≤ x ≤ 4, where k is a constant.

(ii) State the smallest value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

For this value of k,

(iii) find an expression for g−1 (x), [3]
(iv) sketch, on the same diagram, the graphs of y = g(x) and y = g−1 (x). [3]
qp13 q11 s12

58 Functions f and g are defined for x ∈ > by

f : x  → 2x + 1,
g : x  → x2 − 2.

(i) Find and simplify expressions for fg(x) and gf (x). [2]

(ii) Hence find the value of a for which fg(a) = gf (a). [3]

(iii) Find the value of b (b ≠ a) for which g(b) = b. [2]

(iv) Find and simplify an expression for f −1 g(x). [2]

The function h is defined by

h : x  → x2 − 2, for x ≤ 0.

(v) Find an expression for h−1 (x). [2]

qp11 q11 s11

24 Rudra Prasad Pandey

59 Functions f and g are defined by
f : x  → 3x − 4, x ∈ >,
g : x  → 2(x − 1)3 + 8, x > 1.

(i) Evaluate fg(2). [2]

(ii) Sketch in a single diagram the graphs of y = f (x) and y = f −1 (x), making clear the relationship
between the graphs. [3]

(iii) Obtain an expression for g ′(x) and use your answer to explain why g has an inverse. [3]

(iv) Express each of f −1 (x) and g−1 (x) in terms of x. [4]

qp13 q10 s11

60 Functions f and g are defined by

f : x  → 2x2 − 8x + 10 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2,
g : x  → x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 10.

(i) Express f (x) in the form a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(ii) State the range of f. [1]

(iii) State the domain of f −1 . [1]

(iv) Sketch on the same diagram the graphs of y = f (x), y = g(x) and y = f −1 (x), making clear the
relationship between the graphs. [4]

(v) Find an expression for f −1 (x). [3]

qp12 q11 w11

61 The functions f and g are defined for x ∈ > by

f : x  → 3x + a,
g : x  → b − 2x,

where a and b are constants. Given that ff (2) = 10 and g−1 (2) = 3, find
(i) the values of a and b, [4]
(ii) an expression for fg(x). [2]
qp12 q2 w11

62 Functions f and g are defined for x ∈ > by

f : x  → 2x + 3,
g : x  → x2 − 2x.

Express gf (x) in the form a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [5]
qp11 q3 w10

25 Rudra Prasad Pandey

63 The function f is defined by
f (x) = x2 − 4x + 7 for x > 2.

(i) Express f (x) in the form (x − a)2 + b and hence state the range of f. [3]

(ii) Obtain an expression for f −1 (x) and state the domain of f −1 . [3]

The function g is defined by

g(x) = x − 2 for x > 2.
The function h is such that f = hg and the domain of h is x > 0.

(iii) Obtain an expression for h(x). [1]

qp12 q7 w10

64 The function f is defined by f : x  → 2x2 − 12x + 7 for x ∈ >.

(i) Express f (x) in the form a(x − b)2 − c. [3]

(ii) State the range of f. [1]

(iii) Find the set of values of x for which f (x) < 21. [3]

The function g is defined by g : x  → 2x + k for x ∈ >.

(iv) Find the value of the constant k for which the equation gf (x) = 0 has two equal roots. [4]
qp11 q9 s10

65 The function f : x  → 2x2 − 8x + 14 is defined for x ∈ >.

(i) Find the values of the constant k for which the line y + kx = 12 is a tangent to the curve y = f (x).
[4]

(ii) Express f (x) in the form a(x + b)2 + c, where a, b and c are constants. [3]

(iii) Find the range of f. [1]

The function g : x  → 2x2 − 8x + 14 is defined for x ≥ A.

(iv) Find the smallest value of A for which g has an inverse. [1]

(v) For this value of A, find an expression for g−1 (x) in terms of x. [3]
qp13 q10 s10

26 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 Transformation

@ A
−1
1 (a) The curve with equation y = x2 + 2x − 5 is translated by .
3

Find the equation of the translated curve, giving your answer in the form y = ax2 + bx + c. [3]

(b) The curve with equation y = x2 + 2x − 5 is transformed to a curve with equation y = 4x2 + 4x − 5.

Describe fully the single transformation that has been applied. [2]
qp13 q4 s22

2 (a) The graph of y = f x
is transformed to the graph of y = 2f x − 1
.

Describe fully the two single transformations which have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [3]

(b) The curve y = sin 2x − 5x is reflected in the y-axis and then stretched by scale factor 13 in the
x-direction.

Write down the equation of the transformed curve. [2]

qp12 q2 s21

3 Functions f and g are both defined for x ∈ > and are given by
2
f x
= x − 2x + 5,
g x
= x2 + 4x + 13.

(a) By first expressing each of f x
and g x
in completed square form, express g x
in the form
f x + p
+ q, where p and q are constants. [4]

(b) Describe fully the transformation which transforms the graph of y = f x
to the graph of y = g x
.
[2]
qp13 q6 s21

4 (a) Express 2x2 − 8x + 14 in the form 2 x − a
2 + b. [2]

The functions f and g are defined by

f x
= x2 for x ∈ >,
g x
= 2x2 − 8x + 14 for x ∈ >.

(b) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the graph of y = f x
onto the graph of
y = g x
, making clear the order in which the transformations are applied. [4]
qp12 q5 m22

27 Rudra Prasad Pandey

5
y

2
y = f x

1

x
O 1 2 3 4 5 6

In the diagram, the graph of y = f x
is shown with solid lines. The graph shown with broken lines is
a transformation of y = f x
.

(a) Describe fully the two single transformations of y = f x
that have been combined to give the
resulting transformation. [4]

(b) State in terms of y, f and x, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [2]
qp12 q5 m21

6 The graph of y = f x
is transformed to the graph of y = f 2x
− 3.

(a) Describe fully the two single transformations that have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [3]

The point P 5, 6
lies on the transformed curve y = f 2x
− 3.

(b) State the coordinates of the corresponding point on the original curve y = f x
. [2]
qp12 q2 w21

7 The graph of y = f x
is transformed to the graph of y = 3 − f x
.

Describe fully, in the correct order, the two transformations that have been combined. [4]
qp13 q1 w21

8 (a) Express x2 + 6x + 5 in the form x + a
2 + b, where a and b are constants. [2]

(b) The curve with equation y = x2 is transformed to the curve with equation y = x2 + 6x + 5.

Describe fully the transformation(s) involved. [2]

qp13 q1 w20

28 Rudra Prasad Pandey

9 In each of parts (a), (b) and (c), the graph shown with solid lines has equation y = f x
. The graph
shown with broken lines is a transformation of y = f x
.
(a)
y

2
y = f x

1

x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [1]

(b)
y

2
y = f x

1

x
0 1 2 3

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [1]

(c)
y

2
y = f x

1

x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−1

−2

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [2]
qp13 q3 s20

29 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 Coordinate Geometry & Circle

The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD, where A is (3, 2) and B is (1, 6).

(i) Find the equation of BC. [4]

Given that the equation of AC is y
x  1, find

(ii) the coordinates of C, [2]
(iii) the perimeter of the rectangle ABCD. [3]
2002 w qp 9
Ans: (i) 2y=x+11 (ii) C(13, 12) (ii) 35.8
2
y

y = 3x − 20
x + 1
2 + y − 2
2 = 85

A
C
x
O

The circle with equation x + 1
2 + y − 2
2 = 85 and the straight line with equation y = 3x − 20 are
shown in the diagram. The line intersects the circle at A and B, and the centre of the circle is at C.

(a) Find, by calculation, the coordinates of A and B. [4]

(b) Find an equation of the circle which has its centre at C and for which the line with equation
y = 3x − 20 is a tangent to the circle. [4]
qp12 q6 m22
30 Rudra Prasad Pandey
3 The equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + 6x − 2y − 26 = 0.

(a) Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle and the radius. Hence find the coordinates of the
lowest point on the circle. [4]
(b) Find the set of values of the constant k for which the line with equation y = kx − 5 intersects the
circle at two distinct points. [6]
qp11 q9 s22

4 The equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + ax + by − 12 = 0. The points A 1, 1
and B 2, −6
lie on the

circle.

(a) Find the values of a and b and hence find the coordinates of the centre of the circle. [4]

(b) Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point A, giving your answer in the form
px + qy = k, where p, q and k are integers. [4]
qp12 q8 s22

5
y

B 0, 2

O P
x

x − 2
2 + y + 4
2 = 20

The diagram shows the circle with equation x − 2
2 + y + 4
2 = 20 and with centre C. The point B
has coordinates 0, 2
and the line segment BC intersects the circle at P.

(a) Find the equation of BC. [2]

(b) Hence find the coordinates of P, giving your answer in exact form. [5]

qp13 q7 s22

31 Rudra Prasad Pandey

6 The equation of a circle is x2 + y2 − 4x + 6y − 77 = 0.

(a) Find the x-coordinates of the points A and B where the circle intersects the x-axis. [2]

(b) Find the point of intersection of the tangents to the circle at A and B. [6]
qp11 q10 s21

7 Points A and B have coordinates 8, 3
and p, q
respectively. The equation of the perpendicular
bisector of AB is y = −2x + 4.

Find the values of p and q. [4]

qp12 q6 s21

8 The point A has coordinates 1, 5
and the line l has gradient − 23 and passes through A. A circle has

centre 5, 11
and radius 52.

(a) Show that l is the tangent to the circle at A. [2]


(b) Find the equation of the other circle of radius 52 for which l is also the tangent at A. [3]
qp12 q7 s21

9 Points A −2, 3
, B 3, 0
and C 6, 5
lie on the circumference of a circle with centre D.

(a) Show that angle ABC = 90Å. [2]

(b) Hence state the coordinates of D. [1]
(c) Find an equation of the circle. [2]

The point E lies on the circumference of the circle such that BE is a diameter.

(d) Find an equation of the tangent to the circle at E. [5]

qp13 q9 s21

10 A circle with centre 5, 2
passes through the point 7, 5
.

(a) Find an equation of the circle. [2]

The line y = 5x − 10 intersects the circle at A and B.

(b) Find the exact length of the chord AB. [7]

11 A circle has centre at the point B 5, 1
. The point A −1, −2
lies on the circle.

(a) Find the equation of the circle. [3]

Point C is such that AC is a diameter of the circle. Point D has coordinates 5, 16
.

(b) Show that DC is a tangent to the circle. [4]

The other tangent from D to the circle touches the circle at E.

(c) Find the coordinates of E. [2]

qp12 q9 w20

32 Rudra Prasad Pandey

12
y

B
P

A
x
O

The diagram shows the circle with equation x2 + y2 − 6x + 4y − 27 = 0 and the tangent to the circle at
the point P 5, 4
.

(a) The tangent to the circle at P meets the x-axis at A and the y-axis at B.

Find the area of triangle OAB, where O is the origin. [5]

(b) Points Q and R also lie on the circle, such that PQR is an equilateral triangle.

Find the exact area of triangle PQR. [3]

qp12 q12 w21

2 2
13 The line y = 2x + 5 intersects the circle with equation x + y = 20 at A and B.

(a) Find the coordinates of A and B in surd form and hence find the exact length of the chord AB.
[7]
A straight line through the point 10, 0
with gradient m is a tangent to the circle.

(b) Find the two possible values of m. [5]

qp13 q9 w21

14 A circle with centre C has equation x − 8
2 + y − 4
2 = 100.

(a) Show that the point T −6, 6
is outside the circle. [3]

Two tangents from T to the circle are drawn.

(b) Show that the angle between one of the tangents and CT is exactly 45Å. [2]
The two tangents touch the circle at A and B.

(c) Find the equation of the line AB, giving your answer in the form y = mx + c. [4]
(d) Find the x-coordinates of A and B. [3]
qp13 q11 w20

33 Rudra Prasad Pandey

15 The coordinates of the points A and B are −1, −2
and 7, 4
respectively.

(a) Find the equation of the circle, C, for which AB is a diameter. [4]

(b) Find the equation of the tangent, T , to circle C at the point B. [4]

(c) Find the equation of the circle which is the reflection of circle C in the line T . [3]
qp11 q10 s20

16 The equation of a circle with centre C is x2 + y2 − 8x + 4y − 5 = 0.

(a) Find the radius of the circle and the coordinates of C. [3]

The point P 1, 2
lies on the circle.

(b) Show that the equation of the tangent to the circle at P is 4y = 3x + 5. [3]

The point Q also lies on the circle and PQ is parallel to the x-axis.

(c) Write down the coordinates of Q. [2]

The tangents to the circle at P and Q meet at T .

(d) Find the coordinates of T . [3]

qp12 q11 s20

17 (a) The coordinates of two points A and B are −7, 3
and 5, 11
respectively.

Show that the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB is 3x + 2y = 11. [4]

(b) A circle passes through A and B and its centre lies on the line 12x − 5y = 70.

Find an equation of the circle. [5]

qp13 q10s20

18
y
C h, 3h
D

B
0, 2

x
O A 4, 0

The diagram shows a trapezium ABCD in which the coordinates of A, B and C are 4, 0
, 0, 2
and
h, 3h
respectively. The lines BC and AD are parallel, angle ABC = 90Å and CD is parallel to the
x-axis.

(i) Find, by calculation, the value of h. [3]

34 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 (ii) Hence find the coordinates of D. [3]
qp11 q4 s19

19 Two points A and B have coordinates 1, 3
and 9, −1
respectively. The perpendicular bisector of
AB intersects the y-axis at the point C. Find the coordinates of C. [5]
qp12 q2 s19

20 The point M is the mid-point of the line joining the points 3, 7
and −1, 1
. Find the equation of the
x y
line through M which is parallel to the line + = 1. [4]
3 2
qp12 q2 w19

21 Two points A and B have coordinates 3a, −a
and −a, 2a
respectively, where a is a positive
constant.

(i) Find the equation of the line through the origin parallel to AB. [2]

(ii) The length of the line AB is 3 13 units. Find the value of a. [3]
qp11 q3 w18

22 Two points A and B have coordinates −1, 1
and 3, 4
respectively. The line BC is perpendicular to
AB and intersects the x-axis at C.

(i) Find the equation of BC and the x-coordinate of C. [4]

(ii) Find the distance AC, giving your answer correct to 3 decimal places. [2]
qp13 q4 w18

23
y
B

A
0, 4

x
O C 8, 0

The diagram shows a kite OABC in which AC is the line of symmetry. The coordinates of A and C
are 0, 4
and 8, 0
respectively and O is the origin.

(i) Find the equations of AC and OB. [4]

(ii) Find, by calculation, the coordinates of B. [3]

qp11 q5 s18

35 Rudra Prasad Pandey

24 Points A and B have coordinates h, h
and 4h + 6, 5h
respectively. The equation of the perpendicular
bisector of AB is 3x + 2y = k. Find the values of the constants h and k. [7]
qp12 q8 s18

25 The coordinates of points A and B are −3k − 1, k + 3
and k + 3, 3k + 5
respectively, where k is a

constant (k ≠ −1).

(i) Find and simplify the gradient of AB, showing that it is independent of k. [2]

(ii) Find and simplify the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB. [5]
qp13 q6 s18

26 The point A has coordinates −2, 6
. The equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line AB is
2y = 3x + 5.

(i) Find the equation of AB. [3]

(ii) Find the coordinates of B. [3]

qp12 q2 s17

27 A −1, 1
and P a, b
are two points, where a and b are constants. The gradient of AP is 2.

(i) Find an expression for b in terms of a. [2]

(ii) B 10, −1
is a third point such that AP = AB. Calculate the coordinates of the possible positions
of P. [6]
qp13 q8 s17

28 C is the mid-point of the line joining A 14, −7
to B −6, 3
. The line through C perpendicular to AB
crosses the y-axis at D.

(i) Find the equation of the line CD, giving your answer in the form y = mx + c. [4]

(ii) Find the distance AD. [2]

qp11 q4 w16

29 Three points, A, B and C, are such that B is the mid-point of AC. The coordinates of A are 2, m
and
the coordinates of B are n, −6
, where m and n are constants.

(i) Find the coordinates of C in terms of m and n. [2]

The line y = x + 1 passes through C and is perpendicular to AB.

(ii) Find the values of m and n. [5]

qp13 q6 w16

36 Rudra Prasad Pandey

30 Three points have coordinates A 0, 7
, B 8, 3
and C 3k, k
. Find the value of the constant k for
which
(i) C lies on the line that passes through A and B, [4]
(ii) C lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB. [4]
qp12 q8 s16

31 Triangle ABC has vertices at A −2, −1
, B 4, 6
and C 6, −3
.

(i) Show that triangle ABC is isosceles and find the exact area of this triangle. [6]

(ii) The point D is the point on AB such that CD is perpendicular to AB. Calculate the x-coordinate
of D. [6]
qp13 q11 s16

32 The line with gradient −2 passing through the point P 3t, 2t
intersects the x-axis at A and the y-axis
at B.

(i) Find the area of triangle AOB in terms of t. [3]

The line through P perpendicular to AB intersects the x-axis at C.

(ii) Show that the mid-point of PC lies on the line y = x. [4]

qp11 q6 s15

33 Points A, B and C have coordinates A −3, 7
, B 5, 1
and C −1, k
, where k is a constant.

(i) Given that AB = BC, calculate the possible values of k. [3]

The perpendicular bisector of AB intersects the x-axis at D.

(ii) Calculate the coordinates of D. [5]

qp12 q6 w15

34 A is the point
a, 2a − 1 and B is the point
2a + 4, 3a + 9, where a is a constant.

(i) Find, in terms of a, the gradient of a line perpendicular to AB. [3]


(ii) Given that the distance AB is
260, find the possible values of a. [4]

qp13 q6 w14

37 Rudra Prasad Pandey

35
y

A

2, 6

C
8, 3

x
O

B
5, −3
The diagram shows a trapezium ABCD in which AB is parallel to DC and angle BAD is 90
. The
coordinates of A, B and C are
2, 6,
5, −3 and
8, 3 respectively.

(i) Find the equation of AD. [3]

(ii) Find, by calculation, the coordinates of D. [3]

The point E is such that ABCE is a parallelogram.

(iii) Find the length of BE. [2]

qp12 q9 w14

36
y
C

y = 3x
E 6 12 , 8 12

4y = x + 11
A

x
O
The diagram shows a parallelogram ABCD, in which the equation of AB is y = 3x and the equation
of AD is 4y = x + 11. The diagonals AC and BD meet at the point E 6 21 , 8 21 . Find, by calculation,
the coordinates of A, B, C and D. [9]
qp13 q11 s14
38 Rudra Prasad Pandey
37 The point A has coordinates −1, 6
and the point B has coordinates 7, 2
.

(i) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB, giving your answer in the form y = mx + c.
[4]

(ii) A point C on the perpendicular bisector has coordinates p, q
. The distance OC is 2 units, where
O is the origin. Write down two equations involving p and q and hence find the coordinates of
the possible positions of C. [5]
qp11 q7 w13

38 y
D

A
8y + x = 6
(0, 8) 4
C

x
O B (4, 0)

The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD in which point A is 0, 8
and point B is 4, 0
. The diagonal
AC has equation 8y + x = 64. Find, by calculation, the coordinates of C and D. [7]
qp12 q5 w13

39 The coordinates of A are (−3, 2) and the coordinates of C are (5, 6). The mid-point of AC is M and
the perpendicular bisector of AC cuts the x-axis at B.

(i) Find the equation of MB and the coordinates of B. [5]

(ii) Show that AB is perpendicular to BC . [2]

(iii) Given that ABCD is a square, find the coordinates of D and the length of AD. [2]
qp11 q9 s12

40 The line L1 passes through the points A (2, 5) and B (10, 9). The line L2 is parallel to L1 and passes
through the origin. The point C lies on L2 such that AC is perpendicular to L2 . Find
(i) the coordinates of C, [5]
(ii) the distance AC. [2]
qp12 q7 s11

39 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 x y
41 The line a + b = 1, where a and b are positive constants, meets the x-axis at P and the y-axis at Q.
√
Given that PQ = (45) and that the gradient of the line PQ is − 12 , find the values of a and b. [5]
qp13 q3 s11

42 y

B (15, 22)

x
O
A (3, –2)

The diagram shows a triangle ABC in which A is (3, −2) and B is (15, 22). The gradients of AB, AC
and BC are 2m, −2m and m respectively, where m is a positive constant.

(i) Find the gradient of AB and deduce the value of m. [2]

(ii) Find the coordinates of C. [4]

The perpendicular bisector of AB meets BC at D.

(iii) Find the coordinates of D. [4]

qp11 q8 s10

43 y

L1 C
(–1, 3)
A L2

B (3, 1)
x
O

In the diagram, A is the point (−1, 3) and B is the point (3, 1). The line L1 passes through A and is
parallel to OB. The line L2 passes through B and is perpendicular to AB. The lines L1 and L2 meet at
C . Find the coordinates of C . [6]
qp12 q4 s10

40 Rudra Prasad Pandey

44 y

C (5, 4)

A
(–1, 2)
x
O

The diagram shows a rhombus ABCD in which the point A is (−1, 2), the point C is (5, 4) and the
point B lies on the y-axis. Find
(i) the equation of the perpendicular bisector of AC, [3]
(ii) the coordinates of B and D, [3]
(iii) the area of the rhombus. [3]
qp13 q8 s10

45 y

B (3, 6)

C (9, 4)

O x

A (–1, –1)
D

The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD in which the point A is (−1, −1), the point B is (3, 6) and
the point C is (9, 4). The diagonals AC and BD intersect at M . Angle BMA = 90◦ and BM = MD.
Calculate
(i) the coordinates of M and D, [7]
(ii) the ratio AM : MC . [2]
qp12 q9 w11

41 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 Circular Measure

1
X

A 32 cm B
20 cm

18 cm
O
D C

The diagram shows the circular cross-section of a uniform cylindrical log with centre O and radius
20 cm. The points A, X and B lie on the circumference of the cross-section and AB 32 cm.

(i) Show that angle AOB 1.855 radians, correct to 3 decimal places. [2]

(ii) Find the area of the sector AXBO. [2]

The section AXBCD, where ABCD is a rectangle with AD 18 cm, is removed.

(iii) Find the area of the new cross-section (shown shaded in the diagram). [3]
2002 q7
Ans: (i) 1.855 (ii) 371 (iii) 502

In the diagram, OPQ is a sector of a circle, centre O and radius r cm. Angle QOP  θ radians. The
tangent to the circle at Q meets OP extended at R.

(i) Show that the area, A cm2 , of the shaded region is given by A  12 r2 (tan θ  θ ). [2]

(ii) In the case where θ  0.8 and r  15, evaluate the length of the perimeter of the shaded region.
Ans: (ii) 33.9 or 34 [4]
2002 w q3

42 Rudra Prasad Pandey

3
C
D

A 1

The diagram shows a sector ABC of a circle with centre A and radius r. The line BD is perpendicular
to AC. Angle CAB is 1 radians.

(a) Given that 1 = 16 π, find the exact area of BCD in terms of r. [3]

3
(b) Given instead that the length of BD is r, find the exact perimeter of BCD in terms of r. [4]
2
qp11 q5 s22

4
B
2 cm
A

10 cm

1
6π
O P C

The diagram shows a sector OBAC of a circle with centre O and radius 10 cm. The point P lies on
OC and BP is perpendicular to OC. Angle AOC = 16 π and the length of the arc AB is 2 cm.

(a) Find the angle BOC. [2]

(b) Hence find the area of the shaded region BPC giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
qp12 q4 s22
[4]

43 Rudra Prasad Pandey

5
D

1.8 rad
6 cm
6 cm

C A

The diagram shows triangle ABC with AB = BC = 6 cm and angle ABC = 1.8 radians. The arc CD is
part of a circle with centre A and ABD is a straight line.

(a) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [5]

(b) Find the area of the shaded region. [3]
qp13 q9 s22

6
P Q

S R

The diagram shows a symmetrical metal plate. The plate is made by removing two identical pieces
from a circular disc with centre C. The boundary of the plate consists of two arcs PS and QR of the
original circle and two semicircles with PQ and RS as diameters. The radius of the circle with centre
C is 4 cm, and PQ = RS = 4 cm also.

(a) Show that angle PCS = 23 π radians. [2]

(b) Find the exact perimeter of the plate. [3]
   2
(c) Show that the area of the plate is 20
3
π + 8 3 cm . [5]
qp11 q8 s21

44 Rudra Prasad Pandey

7
Q
P
A B

F C

E D

The diagram shows a cross-section of seven cylindrical pipes, each of radius 20 cm, held together by a
thin rope which is wrapped tightly around the pipes. The centres of the six outer pipes are A, B, C, D,
E and F. Points P and Q are situated where straight sections of the rope meet the pipe with centre A.

(a) Show that angle PAQ = 13 π radians. [2]

(b) Find the length of the rope. [4]

(c) Find the area of the hexagon ABCDEF, giving your answer in terms of 3. [2]
qp12 q12 s21

8
A
D
4 cm

B C

The diagram shows a triangle ABC, in which angle ABC = 90Å and AB = 4 cm. The sector ABD is
part of a circle with centre A. The area of the sector is 10 cm2.

(a) Find angle BAD in radians. [2]

(b) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [4]

qp13 q 5 s21

45 Rudra Prasad Pandey

9
A

ka ka
a

E
D

B C

The diagram shows a sector ABC which is part of a circle of radius a. The points D and E lie on AB
and AC respectively and are such that AD = AE = ka, where k < 1. The line DE divides the sector
into two regions which are equal in area.

(a) For the case where angle BAC = 16 π radians, find k correct to 4 significant figures. [5]
1
(b) For the general case in which angle BAC = 1 radians, where 0 < 1 < 12 π, it is given that > 1.
sin 1

Find the set of possible values of k. [3]

qp12 q21 m21

10
C

A 6 cm B

The diagram shows a metal plate ABC in which the sides are the straight line AB and the arcs AC
and BC. The line AB has length 6 cm. The arc AC is part of a circle with centre B and radius 6 cm,
and the arc BC is part of a circle with centre A and radius 6 cm.

(a) Find the perimeter of the plate, giving your answer in terms of π. [3]

(b) Find the area of the plate, giving your answer in terms of π and 3.

[4]
qp11 q6 w21

46 Rudra Prasad Pandey

11

15 c m P B
Q
A

9 cm

15
cm

In the diagram the lengths of AB and AC are both 15 cm. The point P is the foot of the perpendicular
from C to AB. The length CP = 9 cm. An arc of a circle with centre B passes through C and meets
AB at Q.

(a) Show that angle ABC = 1.25 radians, correct to 3 significant figures. [2]

(b) Calculate the area of the shaded region which is bounded by the arc CQ and the lines CP and
PQ. [4]
qp12 q7 w21

12
B

9 cm

11 cm
X C

In the diagram, X and Y are points on the line AB such that BX = 9 cm and AY = 11 cm. Arc BC is
part of a circle with centre X and radius 9 cm, where CX is perpendicular to AB. Arc AC is part of a
circle with centre Y and radius 11 cm.

(a) Show that angle XYC = 0.9582 radians, correct to 4 significant figures. [1]
(b) Find the perimeter of ABC. [6]
qp13 q5 w21

47 Rudra Prasad Pandey

13
C

1 rad

F E
r
O

A B
D

The diagram shows a sector CAB which is part of a circle with centre C. A circle with centre O and
radius r lies within the sector and touches it at D, E and F, where COD is a straight line and angle
ACD is 1 radians.

(a) Find CD in terms of r and sin 1. [3]

It is now given that r = 4 and 1 = 16 π.

(b) Find the perimeter of sector CAB in terms of π. [3]

qp11 q10 w20

14
D
A C
1 rad

r cm r cm

In the diagram, ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = BC = r cm and angle BAC = 1 radians. The
point D lies on AC and ABD is a sector of a circle with centre A.

(a) Express the area of the shaded region in terms of r and 1. [3]

(b) In the case where r = 10 and 1 = 0.6, find the perimeter of the shaded region. [4]
qp12 q8 w20

48 Rudra Prasad Pandey

15
B

12 cm
8 cm

A 8 cm O C

In the diagram, arc AB is part of a circle with centre O and radius 8 cm. Arc BC is part of a circle
with centre A and radius 12 cm, where AOC is a straight line.

(a) Find angle BAO in radians. [2]

(b) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]

(c) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [3]

qp13 q9 w20

16
15 cm

A C
6 cm O X

In the diagram, ABC is a semicircle with diameter AC, centre O and radius 6 cm. The length of the
arc AB is 15 cm. The point X lies on AC and BX is perpendicular to AX .

Find the perimeter of the shaded region BXC. [6]

qp11 q8 s20

17
A
r

C
r
1
6 π rad
O B
2r

49 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 In the diagram, OAB is a sector of a circle with centre O and radius 2r, and angle AOB = 16 π radians.
The point C is the midpoint of OA.
 
(a) Show that the exact length of BC is r 5 − 2 3. [2]
(b) Find the exact perimeter of the shaded region. [2]
qp12 q7 s20

18

O
5
A B

13

The diagram shows a cord going around a pulley and a pin. The pulley is modelled as a circle with
centre O and radius 5 cm. The thickness of the cord and the size of the pin P can be neglected. The
pin is situated 13 cm vertically below O. Points A and B are on the circumference of the circle such
that AP and BP are tangents to the circle. The cord passes over the major arc AB of the circle and
under the pin such that the cord is taut.

Calculate the length of the cord. [6]

qp13 q5 s20

19
A

0.8 rad
O B
C
6 cm

The diagram shows a sector AOB which is part of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm and with
angle AOB = 0.8 radians. The point C on OB is such that AC is perpendicular to OB. The arc CD is
part of a circle with centre O, where D lies on OA.
Find the area of the shaded region. [6]
qp12 q7 m20

50 Rudra Prasad Pandey

20
C

7 8

Y X
A B

In the diagram, CXD is a semicircle of radius 7 cm with centre A and diameter CD. The straight line
YABX is perpendicular to CD, and the arc CYD is part of a circle with centre B and radius 8 cm. Find
the total area of the region enclosed by the two arcs. [6]
qp12 q3 m19

21

1 rad
A O r B

The diagram shows a semicircle with diameter AB, centre O and radius r. The point C lies on the
circumference and angle AOC = 1 radians. The perimeter of sector BOC is twice the perimeter of
sector AOC. Find the value of 1 correct to 2 significant figures. [5]
qp12 q5 s19

22
A

8 cm
E

1
5 0 rad
B D C

The diagram shows triangle ABC which is right-angled at A. Angle ABC = 15 0 radians and AC = 8 cm.
The points D and E lie on BC and BA respectively. The sector ADE is part of a circle with centre A
and is such that BDC is the tangent to the arc DE at D.
(i) Find the length of AD. [3]
(ii) Find the area of the shaded region. [3]
qp13 q3 s19

51 Rudra Prasad Pandey

23
C

6 cm

3
8 0 rad

O A

The diagram shows a sector OAC of a circle with centre O. Tangents AB and CB to the circle meet
at B. The arc AC is of length 6 cm and angle AOC = 38 0 radians.

(i) Find the length of OA correct to 4 significant figures. [2]

(ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [2]
(iii) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]
qp11 q8 w19

24
A

r cm

O 21 rad T

The diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius r cm. Points A and B lie on the circle and
angle AOB = 21 radians. The tangents to the circle at A and B meet at T .

(i) Express the perimeter of the shaded region in terms of r and 1. [3]

(ii) In the case where r = 5 and 1 = 1.2, find the area of the shaded region. [4]
qp12 q4 w19

52 Rudra Prasad Pandey

25
C

A r O r B

The diagram shows a semicircle ACB with centre O and radius r. Arc OC is part of a circle with
centre A.

(i) Express angle CAO in radians in terms of 0. [1]

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region in terms of r, 0 and ï3, simplifying your answer. [4]
qp13 q4 w19

26
A

C 5 cm

1
5 0 rad
O D B

The diagram shows a triangle OAB in which angle ABO is a right angle, angle AOB = 15 0 radians and
AB = 5 cm. The arc BC is part of a circle with centre A and meets OA at C. The arc CD is part of a
circle with centre O and meets OB at D. Find the area of the shaded region. [8]
qp11 q9 w18

27
Y

8 cm
8 cm

A 12 cm C

The diagram shows an isosceles triangle ACB in which AB = BC = 8 cm and AC = 12 cm. The arc
XC is part of a circle with centre A and radius 12 cm, and the arc YC is part of a circle with centre B
and radius 8 cm. The points A, B, X and Y lie on a straight line.

(i) Show that angle CBY = 1.445 radians, correct to 4 significant figures. [3]
(ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [4]
qp12 q8 w18

53
28
A

5 cm

C
4 cm
D B

The diagram shows an arc BC of a circle with centre A and radius 5 cm. The length of the arc BC
is 4 cm. The point D is such that the line BD is perpendicular to BA and DC is parallel to BA.

(i) Find angle BAC in radians. [1]

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region BDC. [5]
qp13 q3 w18

29
A
T

r cm
1 rad B

The diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius r cm. The points A and B lie on the circle and
AT is a tangent to the circle. Angle AOB = 1 radians and OBT is a straight line.

(i) Express the area of the shaded region in terms of r and 1. [3]
(ii) In the case where r = 3 and 1 = 1.2, find the perimeter of the shaded region. [4]
qp11 q6 s18

30
B
r
O
21 rad

T
A

54
 The diagram shows points A and B on a circle with centre O and radius r. The tangents to the circle
at A and B meet at T . The shaded region is bounded by the minor arc AB and the lines AT and BT .
Angle AOB is 21 radians.

(i) In the case where the area of the sector AOB is the same as the area of the shaded region, show
that tan 1 = 21. [3]

(ii) In the case where r = 8 cm and the length of the minor arc AB is 19.2 cm, find the area of the
shaded region. [3]
qp12 q6 s18

31
A

5 cm
6 cm

O C B

The diagram shows a triangle OAB in which angle OAB = 90Å and OA = 5 cm. The arc AC is part
of a circle with centre O. The arc has length 6 cm and it meets OB at C. Find the area of the shaded
region. [5]
qp13q5 s18

32
P 10 cm O R

2.2 rad

The diagram shows a sector POQ of a circle of radius 10 cm and centre O. Angle POQ is 2.2 radians.
QR is an arc of a circle with centre P and POR is a straight line.

(i) Show that the length of PQ is 17.8 cm, correct to 3 significant figures. [2]
(ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [4]
qp12 q6 m18

55
33
C

8 cm

2
7
0 rad
D B 8 cm A

In the diagram, AB = AC = 8 cm and angle CAB = 27 0 radians. The circular arc BC has centre A, the
circular arc CD has centre B and ABD is a straight line.

9 0 radians.
(i) Show that angle CBD = 14 [1]

(ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [5]

qp12 q4 m17

34
X

M
A B
12 cm

10 cm

O
In the diagram, OAXB is a sector of a circle with centre O and radius 10 cm. The length of the chord
AB is 12 cm. The line OX passes through M , the mid-point of AB, and OX is perpendicular to AB.
The shaded region is bounded by the chord AB and by the arc of a circle with centre X and radius XA.
(i) Show that angle AXB is 2.498 radians, correct to 3 decimal places. [3]
(ii) Find the perimeter of the shaded region. [3]
(iii) Find the area of the shaded region. [3]

qp11 q8 s17

56
35

O
r cm
21 rad

A B
r cm

D C

The diagram shows a circle with radius r cm and centre O. Points A and B lie on the circle and ABCD
is a rectangle. Angle AOB = 21 radians and AD = r cm.

(i) Express the perimeter of the shaded region in terms of r and 1. [3]
(ii) In the case where r = 5 and 1 = 16 0 , find the area of the shaded region. [4]
qp12 q4 s17

36
C

8 cm 10 cm

A B

The diagram shows two circles with centres A and B having radii 8 cm and 10 cm respectively. The
two circles intersect at C and D where CAD is a straight line and AB is perpendicular to CD.

(i) Find angle ABC in radians. [1]

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region. [6]

qp13 q7 s17

57
37
B

10 cm 10 cm

A D E C
16 cm

The diagram shows an isosceles triangle ABC in which AC = 16 cm and AB = BC = 10 cm. The
circular arcs BE and BD have centres at A and C respectively, where D and E lie on AC.

(i) Show that angle BAC = 0.6435 radians, correct to 4 decimal places. [1]
(ii) Find the area of the shaded region. [5]
qp11 q5 w17

38
C

P Q

A B
D O 6 cm

The diagram shows a semicircle with centre O and radius 6 cm. The radius OC is perpendicular to
the diameter AB. The point D lies on AB, and DC is an arc of a circle with centre B.

(i) Calculate the length of the arc DC. [3]

(ii) Find the value of

area of region P
,
area of region Q
giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures. [4]

qp12 q4 w17

39
A 5 B

D P Q C

58
 The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD in which AB = 5 units and BC = 3 units. Point P lies on DC
and AP is an arc of a circle with centre B. Point Q lies on DC and AQ is an arc of a circle with centre
D.

(i) Show that angle ABP = 0.6435 radians, correct to 4 decimal places. [1]

(ii) Calculate the areas of the sectors BAP and DAQ. [3]

(iii) Calculate the area of the shaded region. [3]

qp13 q7 w17

40
B

C
D
r

1
A r O

In the diagram, AOB is a quarter circle with centre O and radius r. The point C lies on the arc AB
and the point D lies on OB. The line CD is parallel to AO and angle AOC = 1 radians.

(i) Express the perimeter of the shaded region in terms of r, 1 and 0. [4]

(ii) For the case where r = 5 cm and 1 = 0.6, find the area of the shaded region. [3]
qp11 q7 s16

41

! rad
r cm Q

T
P

The diagram shows a circle with radius r cm and centre O. The line PT is the tangent to the circle
at P and angle POT = ! radians. The line OT meets the circle at Q.

(i) Express the perimeter of the shaded region PQT in terms of r and !. [3]

(ii) In the case where ! = 13 0 and r = 10, find the area of the shaded region correct to 2 significant
figures. [3]
qp12 q6 s16
59
42

3 E 2
A B

3 2
F G
1 1
C

The diagram shows triangle ABC where AB = 5 cm, AC = 4 cm and BC = 3 cm. Three circles with
centres at A, B and C have radii 3 cm, 2 cm and 1 cm respectively. The circles touch each other at
points E, F and G, lying on AB, AC and BC respectively. Find the area of the shaded region EFG.
qp13 q6 s16 [7]

43
A
r
C
r
O ! rad

In the diagram OCA and ODB are radii of a circle with centre O and radius 2r cm. Angle
AOB = ! radians. CD and AB are arcs of circles with centre O and radii r cm and 2r cm respectively.
The perimeter of the shaded region ABDC is 4.4r cm.

(i) Find the value of !. [2]

(ii) It is given that the area of the shaded region is 30 cm2. Find the value of r. [3]
qp11 q3 s16

60
44

cm
10

A O 1.2 rad C

The diagram shows a metal plate ABCD made from two parts. The part BCD is a semicircle. The
part DAB is a segment of a circle with centre O and radius 10 cm. Angle BOD is 1.2 radians.

(i) Show that the radius of the semicircle is 5.646 cm, correct to 3 decimal places. [2]

(ii) Find the perimeter of the metal plate. [3]

(iii) Find the area of the metal plate. [3]

qp12 q6 w16

45
B
D

6 cm O
1.8 rad E

C
A

The diagram shows a major arc AB of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm. Points C and D on OA
and OB respectively are such that the line AB is a tangent at E to the arc CED of a smaller circle also
with centre O. Angle COD = 1.8 radians.

(i) Show that the radius of the arc CED is 3.73 cm, correct to 3 significant figures. [2]

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]

qp13 q5 w16

61
46

A
B E

The diagram shows a circle with centre A and radius r. Diameters CAD and BAE are perpendicular
to each other. A larger circle has centre B and passes through C and D.

(i) Show that the radius of the larger circle is rï2. [1]

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region in terms of r. [6]

qp11 q7 w15

47
C

0.6 rad
ORudra Prasad Pandey
6 cm A

The diagram shows a metal plate OABC, consisting of a right-angled triangle OAB and a sector OBC
of a circle with centre O. Angle AOB = 0.6 radians, OA = 6 cm and OA is perpendicular to OC.

(i) Show that the length of OB is 7.270 cm, correct to 3 decimal places. [1]

(ii) Find the perimeter of the metal plate. [3]

(iii) Find the area of the metal plate. [3]

qp12 q5 w15

62 Rudra Prasad Pandey

48

C D
r r

B E
r 1 rad r

O
r r

A F

The diagram shows a metal plate OABCDEF consisting of 3 sectors, each with centre O. The radius
of sector COD is 2r and angle COD is 1 radians. The radius of each of the sectors BOA and FOE
is r, and AOED and CBOF are straight lines.

(i) Show that the area of the metal plate is r2 0 + 1
. [3]

(ii) Show that the perimeter of the metal plate is independent of 1. [4]
qp13 q4 w15

49
A

O 21 rad X Y

In the diagram, AYB is a semicircle with AB as diameter and OAXB is a sector of a circle with centre
O and radius r. Angle AOB = 21 radians. Find an expression, in terms of r and 1, for the area of the
shaded region. [4]
qp12 q2 s15

63 Rudra Prasad Pandey

50
A

O ! rad

In the diagram, OAB is a sector of a circle with centre O and radius r. The point C on OB is such
that angle ACO is a right angle. Angle AOB is ! radians and is such that AC divides the sector into
two regions of equal area.

(i) Show that sin ! cos ! = 12 !. [4]

It is given that the solution of the equation in part (i) is ! = 0.9477, correct to 4 decimal places.

(ii) Find the ratio

perimeter of region OAC : perimeter of region ACB,

giving your answer in the form k : 1, where k is given correct to 1 decimal place. [5]

(iii) Find angle AOB in degrees. [1]

qp13 q11 s15

51
C

2 cm

! rad
A B
E
4 cm

The diagram shows triangle ABC in which AB is perpendicular to BC. The length of AB is 4 cm and
angle CAB is ! radians. The arc DE with centre A and radius 2 cm meets AC at D and AB at E. Find,
in terms of !,
(i) the area of the shaded region, [3]
(ii) the perimeter of the shaded region. [3]
qp11 q6 s14

64 Rudra Prasad Pandey

52
O
1 rad r cm

A B

The diagram shows a sector of a circle with radius r cm and centre O. The chord AB divides the
sector into a triangle AOB and a segment AXB. Angle AOB is 1 radians.

(i) In the case where the areas of the triangle AOB and the segment AXB are equal, find the value
of the constant p for which 1 = p sin 1. [2]

(ii) In the case where r = 8 and 1 = 2.4, find the perimeter of the segment AXB. [3]
qp12 q4s14

53

O
6 cm
2.2 rad

A B

The diagram shows part of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm. The chord AB is such that
angle AOB = 2.2 radians. Calculate
(i) the perimeter of the shaded region, [3]
(ii) the ratio of the area of the shaded region to the area of the triangle AOB, giving your answer in
the form k : 1. [3]
qp13 q3 s14

54
A
C

rad
O B
D
4 cm

In the diagram, AB is an arc of a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm. Angle AOB is  radians. The
point D on OB is such that AD is perpendicular to OB. The arc DC, with centre O, meets OA at C.

65 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 (i) Find an expression in terms of  for the perimeter of the shaded region ABDC. [4]

(ii) For the case where  = 16 , find the area of the shaded region ABDC, giving your answer in the
form k, where k is a constant to be determined. [4]
qp11 q8 w14

55
P B
Q
5 cm

A O
12 cm

The diagram shows a triangle AOB in which OA is 12 cm, OB is 5 cm and angle AOB is a right angle.
Point P lies on AB and OP is an arc of a circle with centre A. Point Q lies on AB and OQ is an arc of
a circle with centre B.

(i) Show that angle BAO is 0.3948 radians, correct to 4 decimal places. [1]

(ii) Calculate the area of the shaded region. [5]

qp12 q2 w14

56
C

3

1
B rad D O

3 cm

In the diagram, OADC is a sector of a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm. AB and CB are tangents
to the circle and angle ABC = 13
radians. Find, giving your answer in terms of 3 and
,
(i) the perimeter of the shaded region, [3]
(ii) the area of the shaded region. [3]
qp13 q2 w14

66 Rudra Prasad Pandey

57
B
r
A
r
O a rad

E D
C

The diagram shows a metal plate made by fixing together two pieces, OABCD (shaded) and OAED
(unshaded). The piece OABCD is a minor sector of a circle with centre O and radius 2r. The piece
OAED is a major sector of a circle with centre O and radius r. Angle AOD is ! radians. Simplifying
your answers where possible, find, in terms of !, 0 and r,
(i) the perimeter of the metal plate, [3]
(ii) the area of the metal plate. [3]

It is now given that the shaded and unshaded pieces are equal in area.

(iii) Find ! in terms of 0. [2]

qp11 q6 w13

58

8 cm q rad

O
A 6 cm
A
Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Fig. 1 shows a hollow cone with no base, made of paper. The radius of the cone is 6 cm and the height
is 8 cm. The paper is cut from A to O and opened out to form the sector shown in Fig. 2. The circular
bottom edge of the cone in Fig. 1 becomes the arc of the sector in Fig. 2. The angle of the sector is
1 radians. Calculate
(i) the value of 1, [4]
(ii) the area of paper needed to make the cone. [2]
qp12 q2 w13

67 Rudra Prasad Pandey

59
B
8 cm

O a rad A
8 cm

In the diagram, OAB is a sector of a circle with centre O and radius 8 cm. Angle BOA is ! radians.
OAC is a semicircle with diameter OA. The area of the semicircle OAC is twice the area of the sector
OAB.

(i) Find ! in terms of 0. [3]

(ii) Find the perimeter of the complete figure in terms of 0. [2]

qp11 q3 s13

60
R

Q
C

O 3 cm 6 cm
S
P

The diagram shows a circle C with centre O and radius 3 cm. The radii OP and OQ are extended to
S and R respectively so that ORS is a sector of a circle with centre O. Given that PS = 6 cm and that
the area of the shaded region is equal to the area of circle C,
(i) show that angle POQ = 14 0 radians, [3]
(ii) find the perimeter of the shaded region. [2]
qp13 q2 s13

68 Rudra Prasad Pandey

61
A B
2.4 rad 8 cm
O

The diagram shows a metal plate made by removing a segment from a circle with centre O and radius
8 cm. The line AB is a chord of the circle and angle AOB = 2.4 radians. Find
(i) the length of AB, [2]
(ii) the perimeter of the plate, [3]
(iii) the area of the plate. [3]
qp12 q6 s12

62
A

D
2 cm

B C
2 Ö3 cm

In the diagram, D lies on the side AB of

√ triangle ABC and CD is an arc of a circle with centre A and
radius 2 cm. The line BC is of length 2 3 cm and is√perpendicular to AC. Find the area of the shaded
region BDC, giving your answer in terms of π and 3. [4]
qp13 q4 w12

63
C B
q rad

q rad
O A
r

The diagram represents a metal plate OABC, consisting of a sector OAB of a circle with centre O and
radius r, together with a triangle OCB which is right-angled at C . Angle AOB = θ radians and OC
is perpendicular to OA.

69 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 (i) Find an expression in terms of r and θ for the perimeter of the plate. [3]

(ii) For the case where r = 10 and θ = 15 π , find the area of the plate. [3]
qp11 q5 w11

64
A B

D C

The diagram shows a rhombus ABCD. Points P and Q lie on the diagonal AC such that BPD is an
arc of a circle with centre C and BQD is an arc of a circle with centre A. Each side of the rhombus
has length 5 cm and angle BAD = 1.2 radians.

(i) Find the area of the shaded region BPDQ. [4]

(ii) Find the length of PQ. [4]

qp13 q8 w10

65 C

B D

10 cm

O 12 cm

A E

F
The diagram shows a metal plate ABCDEF which has been made by removing the two shaded regions
from a circle of radius 10 cm and centre O. The parallel edges AB and ED are both of length 12 cm.

(i) Show that angle DOE is 1.287 radians, correct to 4 significant figures. [2]

(ii) Find the perimeter of the metal plate. [3]

(iii) Find the area of the metal plate. [3]

qp13 q7 s10

70 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 Trigonometry

1  cos2 x
1 (i) Show that sin x tan x may be written as . [1]
cos x

(ii) Hence solve the equation 2 sin x tan x
3, for 0Æ  x  360Æ. [4]
Ans: X= 60 & 300 2002 q2

2 The function f, where f(x)  a sin x  b, is defined for the domain 0  x  2π. Given that f 1
π 2


and that f 32 π  8,
2

(i) find the values of a and b, [3]

(ii) find the values of x for which f(x)  0, giving your answers in radians correct to 2 decimal
places, [2]
(iii) sketch the graph of y  f(x). [2]
Ans: (i) a=5 & b=-3 (ii) x = 0.64 & 2.50 2002 q6

3 (i) Show that the equation 3 tan θ  2 cos θ can be expressed as

2 sin2 θ
3 sin θ  2  0. [3]

(ii) Hence solve the equation 3 tan θ  2 cos θ , for 0Æ  θ  360Æ . [3]
Ans: 30 & 150 2002 w q5

sin3 1 sin2 1
4 (a) Prove the identity −  − tan2 1 1 + sin2 1
. [4]
sin 1 − 1 1 + sin 1

(b) Hence solve the equation

sin3 1 sin2 1
− = tan2 1 1 − sin2 1

sin 1 − 1 1 + sin 1
for 0 < 1 < 2π. [2]
qp11 q4 s22

5 The function f is given by f x
= 4 cos4 x + cos2 x − k for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, where k is a constant.

(a) Given that k = 3, find the exact solutions of the equation f x
= 0. [5]

(b) Use the quadratic formula to show that, when k > 5, the equation f x
= 0 has no solutions. [5]
qp12 q11 s22

71 Rudra Prasad Pandey

6
y

0 1
0 π 2π 3π 4π
−1

−2

−3
y = p sin q1
+ r
−4

−5

The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y = p sin q1
+ r, where p, q and r are constants.

(a) State the value of p. [1]

(b) State the value of q. [1]
(c) State the value of r. [1]
qp13 q2 s22

7
y

x
− 14 π 0 1
4π
1
2π
3
4π
π 5
4π
3
2π
7
4π
−2

−4

−6

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a tan x − b
+ c.

Given that 0 < b < π, state the values of the constants a, b and c. [3]
qp11 q4 s21

1 + sin x 1 − sin x 4 tan x

8 (a) Prove the identity −  . [4]
1 − sin x 1 + sin x cos x
1 + sin x 1 − sin x
(b) Hence solve the equation − = 8 tan x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 π. [3]
1 − sin x 1 + sin x
qp12 q10 s21

72 Rudra Prasad Pandey

9 (a) Show that the equation
tan x + sin x
= k,
tan x − sin x
where k is a constant, may be expressed as
1 + cos x
= k. [2]
1 − cos x
(b) Hence express cos x in terms of k. [2]
tan x + sin x
(c) Hence solve the equation = 4 for −π < x < π. [2]
tan x − sin x
qp13 q4 21

tan 1 + 2 sin 1
10 Solve the equation = 3 for 0Å < 1 < 180Å. [4]
tan 1 − 2 sin 1
qp12 q3 m21

11 Solve, by factorising, the equation

6 cos 1 tan 1 − 3 cos 1 + 4 tan 1 − 2 = 0,
for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 180Å. [4]
qp11 q3 w21

12
y

12

10

8 y = a cos bx
+ c

x
0 π 2π
−2

−4

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a cos bx
+ c.

(a) Find the values of the positive integers a, b and c. [3]

(b) For these values of a, b and c, use the given diagram to determine the number of solutions in the
interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π for each of the following equations.

(i) a cos bx
+ c =

6
π
x [1]

(ii) a cos bx
+ c = 6 −

6
π
x [1]
qp11 q5 w21

73 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 3
13 Solve the equation 2 cos 1 = 7 − for −90Å < 1 < 90Å. [4]
cos 1
qp12 q1 w21

tan x + cos x
14 (a) Show that the equation = k, where k is a constant, can be expressed as
tan x − cos x
k + 1
sin2 x + k − 1
sin x − k + 1
= 0. [4]

tan x + cos x
(b) Hence solve the equation = 4 for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 360Å. [4]
tan x − cos x
qp13 q7 w21

15
y

1 y = cos 1
1
0 π 2π 3π 4π
−1

In the diagram, the lower curve has equation y = cos 1. The upper curve shows the result of applying
a combination of transformations to y = cos 1.

Find, in terms of a cosine function, the equation of the upper curve. [3]
qp11 q4 w20

@ A@ A
1 1 1
16 (a) Prove the identity − tan x +1  . [4]
cos x sin x tan x
@ A@ A
1 1
(b) Hence solve the equation − tan x + 1 = 2 tan2 x for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 180Å. [2]
cos x sin x
qp12 q6 w20

Solve the equation 3 tan 1 + 1 = for 0Å < 1 < 180Å.

2 2
tan2 1
17 [5]
qp13 q3 w20

1 + sin 1 cos 1 2
18 (a) Prove the identity +  . [3]
cos 1 1 + sin 1 cos 1

1 + sin 1 cos 1 3
(b) Hence solve the equation + = , for 0 ≤ 1 ≤ 2π. [3]
cos 1 1 + sin 1 sin 1

74 Rudra Prasad Pandey

19 (a) Express the equation 3 cos 1 = 8 tan 1 as a quadratic equation in sin 1. [3]

(b) Hence find the acute angle, in degrees, for which 3 cos 1 = 8 tan 1. [2]
qp12 q2 s20

tan 1 tan 1 2
20 (a) Show that +  . [4]
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1 sin 1 cos 1

tan 1 tan 1 6
(b) Hence solve the equation + = for 0Å < 1 < 180Å. [4]
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1 tan 1
qp13 q7 s20

21 (a) Solve the equation

tan 1 + 3 sin 1 + 2
=2
tan 1 − 3 sin 1 + 1
for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 90Å. [5]
2
(b) Solve the equation 3 tan x − 5 tan x − 2 = 0 for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 180Å. [4]
2
(c) Find the set of values of k for which the equation 3 tan x − 5 tan x + k = 0 has no solutions. [2]
2
(d) For the equation 3 tan x − 5 tan x + k = 0, state the value of k for which there are three solutions
in the interval 0Å ≤ x ≤ 180Å, and find these solutions. [3]
qp12 q5&11 m20

22 (a) Solve the equation 3 sin2 21 + 8 cos 21 = 0 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 180Å. [5]

(b)
y

y = a + tan bx
ï3

x
− 16 0 O

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a + tan bx, where x is measured in radians and a and
 
b are constants. The curve intersects the x-axis at − 16 0 , 0 and the y-axis at 0, ï3
. Find the
values of a and b. [3]
qp12 q7 m19

75 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 @ A2
1 1 − sin x
23 (i) Prove the identity − tan x  . [4]
cos x 1 + sin x
@ A2
1
(ii) Hence solve the equation − tan 2x = 13 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0. [3]
cos 2x
qp11 q6 s19

24 The function f is defined by f x
= 2 − 3 cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20.

(i) State the range of f. [2]

(ii) Sketch the graph of y = f x
. [2]

The function g is defined by g x
= 2 − 3 cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ p, where p is a constant.

(iii) State the largest value of p for which g has an inverse. [1]

(iv) For this value of p, find an expression for g−1 x
. [2]
qp11 q9 s19

25 Angle x is such that sin x = a + b and cos x = a − b, where a and b are constants.

(i) Show that a2 + b2 has a constant value for all values of x. [3]

(ii) In the case where tan x = 2, express a in terms of b. [2]

qp12 q4 s19

3x
26 The equation of a curve is y = 3 cos 2x and the equation of a line is 2y + = 5.
0
(i) State the smallest and largest values of y for both the curve and the line for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. [3]
3x
(ii) Sketch, on the same diagram, the graphs of y = 3 cos 2x and 2y + = 5 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. [3]
0
3x
(iii) State the number of solutions of the equation 6 cos 2x = 5 − for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. [1]
0
qp6 q6 s19

27
y

y = f x

x
O 1 0
20

76 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 The function f : x  → p sin2 2x + q is defined for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0, where p and q are positive constants. The
diagram shows the graph of y = f x
.

(i) In terms of p and q, state the range of f. [2]

(ii) State the number of solutions of the following equations.
(a) f x
= p + q [1]
(b) f x
= q [1]
(c) f x
= 12 p + q [1]
(iii) For the case where p = 3 and q = 2, solve the equation f x
= 4, showing all necessary working.
[5]
qp13 q9 s19

1
28 (i) Given that 4 tan x + 3 cos x + = 0, show, without using a calculator, that sin x = − 23 . [3]
cos x
(ii) Hence, showing all necessary working, solve the equation
1
4 tan 2x − 20Å
+ 3 cos 2x − 20Å
+ =0
cos 2x − 20Å

for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 180Å. [4]
qp11 q5 w19

29 (a) Given that x > 0, find the two smallest values of x, in radians, for which 3 tan 2x + 1
= 1. Show
all necessary working. [4]

(b) The function f : x  → 3 cos2 x − 2 sin2 x is defined for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.

(i) Express f x
in the form a cos2 x + b, where a and b are constants. [1]
(ii) Find the range of f. [2]
qp12 q6 w19

30 (i) Show that the equation 3 cos4 1 + 4 sin2 1 − 3 = 0 can be expressed as 3x2 − 4x + 1 = 0, where
x = cos2 1. [2]
(ii) Hence solve the equation 3 cos4 1 + 4 sin2 1 − 3 = 0 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 180Å. [5]
qp13 q7 w19

31 (i) Show that the equation

cos 1 − 4 4 sin 1
− =0
sin 1 5 cos 1 − 2
may be expressed as 9 cos2 1 − 22 cos 1 + 4 = 0. [3]
(ii) Hence solve the equation
cos 1 − 4 4 sin 1
− =0
sin 1 5 cos 1 − 2
for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [3]
qp11 q5 w18

77 Rudra Prasad Pandey

32 Functions f and g are defined by
f : x  → 2 − 3 cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20,
g : x  → 12 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20.

(i) Solve the equation fg x
= 1. [3]

(ii) Sketch the graph of y = f x
. [3]

qp12 q4 w18

tan 1 + 1 tan 1 − 1 2 tan 1 − cos 1

33 (i) Show that +  . [3]
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1 sin2 1

(ii) Hence, showing all necessary working, solve the equation

tan 1 + 1 tan 1 − 1
+ =0
1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1
for 0Å < 1 < 90Å. [4]
qp13 q7 w18

34 (i) Prove the identity sin 1 + cos 1
1 − sin 1 cos 1
 sin3 1 + cos3 1. [3]

(ii) Hence solve the equation sin 1 + cos 1
1 − sin 1 cos 1
= 3 cos3 1 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [3]
qp11 q4 s18

 
35 aThe function f is such that f x
= a + b cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. It is given that f 1 0 = 5 and f 0
= 11.
3

(i) Find the values of the constants a and b. [3]

(ii) Find the set of values of k for which the equation f x
= k has no solution. [3]

(b) (i) Solve the equation 2 cos x + 3 sin x = 0, for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 360Å. [3]

(ii) Sketch, on the same diagram, the graphs of y = 2 cos x and y = −3 sin x for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 360Å. [3]
(iii) Use your answers to parts (i) and (ii) to find the set of values of x for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 360Å for which
2 cos x + 3 sin x > 0. [2]
qp12 q4&10 s18

tan2 1 − 1
36 (a) (i) Express 2
in the form a sin2 1 + b, where a and b are constants to be found. [3]
tan 1 + 1

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, and showing all necessary working, solve the equation

tan2 1 − 1 1
=
tan2 1 + 1 4
for −90Å ≤ 1 ≤ 0Å. [2]

78 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 (b) y

A y = sin x
O x
−0 0

B
y = 2 cos x

The diagram shows the graphs of y = sin x and y = 2 cos x for −0 ≤ x ≤ 0 . The graphs intersect
at the points A and B.
(i) Find the x-coordinate of A. [2]
(ii) Find the y-coordinate of B. [2]
qp13 q7 s18

37 (a) Express the equation

5 + 2 tan x
= 1 + tan x as a quadratic equation in tan x and hence solve the
3 + 2 tan x
equation for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0. [4]

(b)
y

y = k sin 1 + !

2

1
O 150Å

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = k sin 1 + !
, where k and ! are constants and
0Å < ! < 180Å. Find the value of ! and the value of k. [2]
qp12 q5 m18

79 Rudra Prasad Pandey

38
y
y = tan x

x
O 0
B
y = cos x

The diagram shows the graphs of y = tan x and y = cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0. The graphs intersect at points
A and B.

(i) Find by calculation the x-coordinate of A. [4]

(ii) Find by calculation the coordinates of B. [3]

qp12 q5m12

1 + cos 1 sin 1 2
39 (i) Prove the identity +  . [3]
sin 1 1 + cos 1 sin 1

1 + cos 1 sin 1 3
(ii) Hence solve the equation + = for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [3]
sin 1 1 + cos 1 cos 1
qp11 q3 s17

@ A2
1 1 − sin 1
40 (i) Prove the identity − tan 1  . [3]
cos 1 1 + sin 1

@ A2
1
(ii) Hence solve the equation − tan 1 = 12 , for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [3]
cos 1
qp12 q3 s17

2 sin 1 + cos 1
41 (i) Show that the equation = 2 tan 1 may be expressed as cos2 1 = 2 sin2 1. [3]
sin 1 + cos 1

2 sin 1 + cos 1
(ii) Hence solve the equation = 2 tan 1 for 0Å < 1 < 180Å. [3]
sin 1 + cos 1
qp13 q5 s17

80 Rudra Prasad Pandey

42 (a)
y

1
x
O
y = a + b sin x
−2

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a + b sin x. Find the values of the constants a and b.
[2]
(b) (i) Show that the equation
sin 1 + 2 cos 1
1 + sin 1 − cos 1
= sin 1 1 + cos 1

may be expressed as 3 cos2 1 − 2 cos 1 − 1 = 0. [3]

(ii) Hence solve the equation

sin 1 + 2 cos 1
1 + sin 1 − cos 1
= sin 1 1 + cos 1

for −180Å ≤ 1 ≤ 180Å. [4]
qp11 q7 w17

43 (i) Show that the equation cos 2x tan2 2x + 3
+ 3 = 0 can be expressed as

2 cos2 2x + 3 cos 2x + 1 = 0. [3]

(ii) Hence solve the equation cos 2x tan2 2x + 3
+ 3 = 0 for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 180Å. [4]
qp12 q5 w17

cos 1 + 4
44 (i) Show that the equation + 5 sin 1 − 5 = 0 may be expressed as 5 cos2 1 − cos 1 − 4 = 0.
sin 1 + 1
[3]
cos 1 + 4
(ii) Hence solve the equation + 5 sin 1 − 5 = 0 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [4]
sin 1 + 1
qp13 q5 w17

4 2 4
45 (i) Show that cos x  1 − 2 sin x + sin x. [1]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 8 sin4 x + cos4 x = 2 cos2 x for 0Å ≤ x ≤ 360Å. [5]
qp11 q6 w16

81 Rudra Prasad Pandey

46 A function f is defined by f : x  → 5 − 2 sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.

(i) Find the range of f. [2]

(ii) Sketch the graph of y = f x
. [2]

(iii) Solve the equation f x
= 6, giving answers in terms of 0. [3]

The function g is defined by g : x  → 5 − 2 sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ k, where k is a constant.

(iv) State the largest value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

(v) For this value of k, find an expression for g−1 x
. [3]
qp12 q10 w16

1 1
47 The function f is defined by f : x  → 4 sin x − 1 for −2 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 0.

(i) State the range of f. [2]

(ii) Find the coordinates of the points at which the curve y = f x
intersects the coordinate axes. [3]

(iii) Sketch the graph of y = f x
. [2]

(iv) Obtain an expression for f −1 x
, stating both the domain and range of f −1 . [4]
qp11 q11 s16

48
1 + cos 1 − 1 − cos 1 
(i) Prove the identity 4
. [4]
1 − cos1 1 + cos 1 sin 1 tan 1

(ii) Hence solve, for 0Å < 1 < 360Å, the equation

1 + cos 1 1 − cos 1
@ A
sin 1 − = 3. [3]
1 − cos 1 1 + cos 1
qp12 q7 s16

49 Given that 1 is an obtuse angle measured in radians and that sin 1 = k, find, in terms of k, an expression
for
(i) cos 1, [1]
(ii) tan 1, [2]
(iii) sin 1 + 0
. [1]
qp11 q1 s15

4 cos 1
50 (i) Show that the equation + 15 = 0 can be expressed as
tan 1
4 sin2 1 − 15 sin 1 − 4 = 0. 3

4 cos 1
(ii) Hence solve the equation + 15 = 0 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [3]
tan 1
qp11 q4w15

82 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 1
51 (a) Show that the equation + 3 sin 1 tan 1 + 4 = 0 can be expressed as
cos 1
3 cos2 1 − 4 cos 1 − 4 = 0,
1
and hence solve the equation + 3 sin 1 tan 1 + 4 = 0 for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [6]
cos 1

(b)
y

C x
O

y = a cos x − b

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a cos x − b, where a and b are constants. The graph
crosses the x-axis at the point C cos−1 c, 0
and the y-axis at the point D 0, d
. Find c and d in
terms of a and b. [2]
qp13 q7 w13

52 (i) Show that the equation 1 + sin x tan x = 5 cos x can be expressed as

6 cos2 x − cos x − 1 = 0. 3

(ii) Hence solve the equation 1 + sin x tan x = 5 cos x for 0
≤ x ≤ 180
. [3]
qp12 q5 w14

(i) Show that sin  − cos   2 sin  − 1.

4 4 2
53 [3]

(ii) Hence solve the equation sin4  − cos4  = 1

2
for 0 ≤  ≤ 360. [4]
qp13 q5 w14

54 The reflex angle 1 is such that cos 1 = k, where 0 < k < 1.

(i) Find an expression, in terms of k, for

(a) sin 1, [2]
(b) tan 1. [1]

(ii) Explain why sin 21 is negative for 0 < k < 1. [2]

qp11 q3 s14

83 Rudra Prasad Pandey

55
y

3
y = a + b sin x
2

x
− 32 0 −0 − 12 0 0 1 3
20 0 20

−1

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a + b sin x. State the values of the constants a and b. [2]
qp11 q1 s14

sin 1 cos 1 1
56 (i) Show that +  2
. [3]
sin 1 + cos 1 sin 1 − cos 1 sin 1 − cos2 1

sin 1 cos 1
(ii) Hence solve the equation + = 3, for 0Å ≤ 1 ≤ 360Å. [4]
sin 1 + cos 1 sin 1 − cos 1
qp11 q5 s13

57 (i) Sketch, on the same diagram, the curves y = sin 2x and y = cos x − 1 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20. [4]

(ii) Hence state the number of solutions, in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 20, of the equations
(a) 2 sin 2x + 1 = 0, [1]
(b) sin 2x − cos x + 1 = 0. [1]
qp13 q5 s13

58 A function f is defined by f : x  → 3 cos x − 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 20.

(i) Solve the equation f x
= 0. [3]

(ii) Find the range of f. [2]

(iii) Sketch the graph of y = f x
. [2]

A function g is defined by g : x  → 3 cos x − 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ k.

(iv) State the maximum value of k for which g has an inverse. [1]

(v) Obtain an expression for g−1 x
. [2]

qp12 q8 w13

84 Rudra Prasad Pandey

59 Solve the equation sin 2x = 2 cos 2x, for 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 180◦ . [4]

qp11 q1 s12

1 1
60 (i) Prove the identity tan x + ≡ . [2]
tan x sin x cos x
2
(ii) Solve the equation = 1 + 3 tan x, for 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 180◦ . [4]
sin x cos x
qp12 q5 s12

2 ◦ ◦
61 (i) Solve the equation 2 cos θ = 3 sin θ , for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360 . [4]

(ii) The smallest positive solution of the equation 2 cos2 (nθ ) = 3 sin(nθ ), where n is a positive
integer, is 10◦ . State the value of n and hence find the largest solution of this equation in the
interval 0◦ ≤ θ ≤ 360◦ . [3]
qp11 q7 w12

1
62 (i) Sketch, on a single diagram, the graphs of y = cos 2θ and y = 2
for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π . [3]

(ii) Write down the number of roots of the equation 2 cos 2θ − 1 = 0 in the interval 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π . [1]

(iii) Deduce the number of roots of the equation 2 cos 2θ − 1 = 0 in the interval 10π ≤ θ ≤ 20π . [1]
qp11 q3 w11

63 (i) Sketch, on the same diagram, the graphs of y = sin x and y = cos 2x for 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 180◦ . [3]

(ii) Verify that x = 30◦ is a root of the equation sin x = cos 2x, and state the other root of this equation
for which 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 180◦ . [2]

(iii) Hence state the set of values of x, for 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 180◦ , for which sin x < cos 2x. [2]
qp12 q5 w11

1 1 2 1 − cos θ
64 (i) Prove the identity  −  ≡ . [3]
sin θ tan θ 1 + cos θ
1 1 2 2
(ii) Hence solve the equation  −  = 5 , for 0◦ ≤ θ ≤ 360◦ . [4]
sin θ tan θ
qp13 q8 s11

65 The acute angle x radians is such that tan x = k, where k is a positive constant. Express, in terms of k,

(i) tan(π − x), [1]

(ii) tan( 12 π − x), [1]
(iii) sin x. [2]
qp11 q1 s10

85 Rudra Prasad Pandey

66 The function f is such that f (x) = 2 sin2 x − 3 cos2 x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

(i) Express f (x) in the form a + b cos2 x, stating the values of a and b. [2]

(ii) State the greatest and least values of f (x). [2]

(iii) Solve the equation f (x) + 1 = 0. [3]

qp11 q5 s10

67 The function f : x  → a + b cos x is defined for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π . Given that f (0) = 10 and that f 23 π
= 1, find
(i) the values of a and b, [2]
(ii) the range of f, [1]
(iii) the exact value of f 56 π
. [2]
qp13 q3 s10

2 ◦ ◦
68(a)Solve the equation 15 sin x = 13 + cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 180 . [4]

(b) (i) Sketch the curve y = 2 sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π . [1]

(ii) By adding a suitable straight line to your sketch, determine the number of real roots of the
equation
2π sin x = π − x.
State the equation of the straight line. [3]
qp13 q3&4 w10

86 Rudra Prasad Pandey

 Binomial


3 4
1 Find the value of the term which is independent of x in the expansion of x
. [3]
Ans: 54 x 2002 w q1

P Q5
4 k2 2
2 The coefficient of x in the expansion of 2x + is a. The coefficient of x2 in the expansion of
x
2kx − 1
4 is b.

(a) Find a and b in terms of the constant k. [3]

(b) Given that a + b = 216, find the possible values of k. [3]
qp11 q3 s22

3 The coefficient of x4 in the expansion of 3 + x
5 is equal to the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of
@ A
a 6
2x + .
x

Find the value of the positive constant a. [4]

qp12 q1 s22

@ A
1 4
4 The coefficient of x 3
in the expansion of p + x is 144.
p

Find the possible values of the constant p. [4]

qp13 q1 s22

5 Find the term independent of x in each of the following expansions.

@ A
2 6
(a) 3x + 2 [3]
x
@ A
2 6
(b) 3x + 2 1 − x3
[3]
x
qp12 q4 m22

@ A2
(a) Expand 1 −
1
6 . [1]
2x

(b) Find the first four terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of 1 + 2x
6 . [2]

@ A
(c) Hence find the coefficient of x in the expansion of 1 − 1 + 2x
6 .
1 2
[2]
2x
qp11 q1 w21

87 Rudra Prasad Pandey

7 (a) It is given that in the expansion of 4 + 2x
2 − ax
5 , the coefficient of x2 is −15.

Find the possible values of a. [4]

(b) It is given instead that in the expansion of 4 + 2x
2 − ax
5 , the coefficient of x2 is k. It is also
given that there is only one value of a which leads to this value of k.

Find the values of k and a. [4]

qp12 q8 w21

8 (a) Find the first three terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of 1 + ax
6 . [1]

(b) Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of 1 − 3x
1 + ax
6 is −3, find the possible values
of the constant a. [4]
qp13 q2 w21

9 (a) Find the first three terms in the expansion of 3 − 2x
5 in ascending powers of x. [3]

(b) Hence find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of 4 + x
2 3 − 2x
5 . [3]
qp11 q3 s21

@ A
10 3 1
10 The coefficient of x in the expansion of 4x + is p. The coefficient of in the expansion of
x x
@ A5
k
2x + 2 is q.
x
Given that p = 6q, find the possible values of k. [5]
qp12 q10 s21

11 (a) Write down the first four terms of the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of a − x
6 . [2]

@ A
2 2
(b) Given that the coefficient of x in the expansion of 1 + a − x
6 is −20, find in exact form
ax
the possible values of the constant a. [5]
qp13 q7 s21

12 (a) Find the first three terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of 1 + x
5 . [1]

(b) Find the first three terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of 1 − 2x
6 . [2]

(c) Hence find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of 1 + x
5 1 − 2x
6 . [2]
qp12 q1 m21

88 Rudra Prasad
Pandey
 @ A
1 a 5
13 The coefficient of in the expansion of 2x + is 720.
x x2
(a) Find the possible values of the constant a. [3]
1
(b) Hence find the coefficient of in the expansion. [2]
x7

@ A @ A
1 1 5 2 8
14 The coefficient of in the expansion of kx + + 1− is 74.
x x x

Find the value of the positive constant k. [5]

qp11 q2
s20

@ A
2 6
15 (a) Find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of x − . [2]
x
@ A
2 6
(b) Find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of 2 + 3x2
x − . [3]
x
qp12 q1
s20

16 (a) Expand 1 + a
5 in ascending powers of a up to and including the term in a3 . [1]

(b) Hence expand 1 + x + x2
5 in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in x3 ,
simplifying your answer. [3]

0 a 16
17 In the expansion of 2x2 + , the coefficients of x6 and x3 are equal.
x
(a) Find the value of the non-zero constant a. [4]

0 a 16
(b) Find the coefficient of x6 in the expansion of 1 − x3
2x2 + . [1]
x

The coefficient of x in the expansion of 1 + kx
1 − 2x
is 20.

3 5
18

Find the value of the constant k. [4]

19 In the expansion of a + bx
7 , where a and b are non-zero constants, the coefficients of x, x2 and x4
are the first, second and third terms respectively of a geometric progression.

a
Find the value of . [5]
b
20 The coefficient of x3 in the expansion of 1 − px
5 is −2160. Find the value of the constant p. [3]

@ A
k 6
21 The term independent of x in the expansion of 2x + , where k is a constant, is 540.
x

(i) Find the value of k. [3]

(ii) For this value of k, find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion. [2]

@ A5
2
22 Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of − 3x . [3]
x

@ A
1 5
23 (i) In the binomial expansion of 2x − , the first three terms are 32x5 − 40x3 + 20x. Find the
2x
remaining three terms of the expansion. [3]

 2
@ 1 5
A
(ii) Hence find the coefficient of x in the expansion of 1 + 4x 2x − . [2]
2x

@ A6
1
24 Find the term independent of x in the expansion of 2x + 2 . [3]
4x

@ A
x 6
The coefficient of x in the expansion of 4 + ax
1 +
2
25 is 3. Find the value of the constant a. [4]
2

26 (i) Expand 1 + y
6 in ascending powers of y as far as the term in y2 . [1]

 6
(ii) In the expansion of 1 + px − 2x2
the coefficient of x2 is 48. Find the value of the positive
constant p. [3]

@ A
+
1 2 7
27 Find the coefficient of in the expansion of 3x . [4]
x2 3x2
 @ A
1 2 7
28 Find the coefficient of 3 in the expansion of x − . [3]
x x

29 (i) Find the first three terms in the expansion, in ascending powers of x, of 1 − 2x
5 . [2]

(ii) Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of 1 + ax + 2x2
1 − 2x
5 is 12, find the value of
the constant a. [3]

0 x 16
2
30 The coefficient of x in the expansion of 2 + + a + x
5 is 330. Find the value of the constant a.
2
[5]

(i) Find the coefficients of x and x in the expansion of 1 − 2x
.

2 3 7
31 [3]

(ii) Hence find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of 2 + 5x
1 − 2x
7 . [2]

@ A5
1 2
32 In the expansion of + 2ax , the coefficient of x is 5. Find the value of the constant a. [4]
ax

33 The coefficients of x2 and x3 in the expansion of 3 − 2x
6 are a and b respectively. Find the value of
a
. [4]
b

@ A
1 5
34 (i) Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of 2x − . [2]
x
@ A
2 1 5
(ii) Hence find the coefficient of x in the expansion of 1 + 3x
2x − . [4]
x

@ A6
2
35 (i) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of − 3x . [2]
x
(ii) Find the value of a for which there is no term independent of x in the expansion of
@ A6
2
1 + ax2
− 3x . [3]
x

@ A8
1
36 Find the term independent of x in the expansion of 2x + 2x3 . [4]
 0 x 1n
37 In the expansion of 3 − 2x
1 + , the coefficient of x is 7. Find the value of the constant n and
2
hence find the coefficient of x2 . [6]

3 6 5
38 The coefficient of x in the expansion of 1 − 3x
+ 1 + ax
is 100. Find the value of the constant a.
[4]

39 Find the term that is independent of x in the expansion of

@ A
2 6
(i) x − , [2]
x
@ A@ A
3 2 6
(ii) 2 + 2 x − . [4]
x x

40 (i) Find the first three terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of
6
(a) 1 − x
, [2]
(b) 1 + 2x
6 . [2]

(ii) Hence find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of  1 − x
1 + 2x
6 . [3]

41 (i) Write down the first 4 terms, in ascending powers of x, of the expansion of a − x
5 . [2]

(ii) The coefficient of x3 in the expansion of 1 − ax
a − x
5 is −200. Find the possible values of the
constant a. [4]

@ A7
x 9
42 Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of + . [4]
3 x2

@ A
3 1 8
43 Find the term independent of x in the expansion of 4x + . [4]
2x

44 (i) In the expression 1 − px
6 , p is a non-zero constant. Find the first three terms when 1 − px
6 is
expanded in ascending powers of x. [2]

(ii) It is given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of 1 − x
1 − px
6 is zero. Find the value
of p. [3]
45 (i) Find the first three terms in the expansion of 2 + ax
5 in ascending powers of x. [3]

(ii) Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of 1 + 2x
2 + ax
5 is 240, find the possible
values of a. [3]

46 (i) Find the first three terms when 2 + 3x
6 is expanded in ascending powers of x. [3]

(ii) In the expansion of 1 + ax
2 + 3x
6 , the coefficient of x2 is zero. Find the value of a. [2]

 4
47 (i) Find the coefficient of x8 in the expansion of x + 3x2 . [1]
 5
(ii) Find the coefficient of x8 in the expansion of x + 3x2 . [3]
  5
(iii) Hence find the coefficient of x8 in the expansion of 1 + x + 3x2 . [4]

48 The coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (a + x)5 + (2 − x)6 is 90. Find the value of the positive
constant a. [5]

49 The first three terms in the expansion of (1 − 2x)2 (1 + ax)6 , in ascending powers of x, are 1 − x + bx2 .
Find the values of the constants a and b. [6]

(i) Find the terms in x2 and x3 in the expansion of 1 − 32 x
.

6
50 [3]

(ii) Given that there is no term in x3 in the expansion of (k + 2x) 1 − 23 x
, find the value of the
6

constant k. [2]

51 The coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (a + x)5 + (1 − 2x)6 , where a is positive, is 90. Find the value
of a. [5]

52 (i) Find the first 3 terms in the expansion of (2 − y)5 in ascending powers of y. [2]
5
(ii) Use the result in part (i) to find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of 2 − (2x − x2 )
. [3]
 5
53 The coefficient of x2 in the expansion of k + 13 x
is 30. Find the value of the constant k. [3]

54 In the expansion of (1 + ax)6 , where a is a constant, the coefficient of x is −30. Find the coefficient
of x3 . [4]

1 9
55 Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x −  . [3]
x2

5
(i) Find the first 3 terms in the expansion of 2x −  in descending powers of x.
3
56 [3]
x
5
(ii) Hence find the coefficient of x in the expansion of 1 + 2 2x −  .
2 3
[2]
x x

5
57 (i) Find the first 3 terms in the expansion of (1 + ax) in ascending powers of x. [2]

(ii) Given that there is no term in x in the expansion of (1 − 2x)(1 + ax)5 , find the value of the
constant a. [2]

(iii) For this value of a, find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of (1 − 2x)(1 + ax)5 . [3]
 Series

1 A progression has a first term of 12 and a fifth term of 18.

(i) Find the sum of the first 25 terms if the progression is arithmetic. [3]

(ii) Find the 13th term if the progression is geometric. [4]

Ans: (i) 750 & (ii) 40.5 2002 q4

2 A geometric progression, for which the common ratio is positive, has a second term of 18 and a fourth
term of 8. Find
(i) the first term and the common ratio of the progression, [3]
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression. [2]
Ans: (i) 27 & (ii) 81 2002 w q2

3 The thirteenth term of an arithmetic progression is 12 and the sum of the first 30 terms is −15.

Find the sum of the first 50 terms of the progression. [5]

qp11 q2 s22

4 The first, second and third terms of an arithmetic progression are a, 32 a and b respectively, where
a and b are positive constants. The first, second and third terms of a geometric progression are
a, 18 and b + 3 respectively.

(a) Find the values of a and b. [5]

qp12 q8 s21

5 (i) The second and third terms of a geometric progression are 10 and 8 respectively.

Find the sum to infinity. [4]

(ii) The first, second and third terms of an arithmetic progression are k, 6k and k + 6 respectively.

(a) Find the value of the constant k. [2]

(b) Find the sum of the first 30 terms of the progression. [3]
qp12 q2&4 s22

6 An arithmetic progression has first term 4 and common difference d . The sum of the first n terms of
the progression is 5863.

11726
(a) Show that n − 1
d = − 8. [1]
n
(b) Given that the nth term is 139, find the values of n and d , giving the value of d as a fraction. [4]
qp13 q3 s22

95
7 The first term of a geometric progression and the first term of an arithmetic progression are both equal
to a.

The third term of the geometric progression is equal to the second term of the arithmetic progression.

The fifth term of the geometric progression is equal to the sixth term of the arithmetic progression.

Given that the terms are all positive and not all equal, find the sum of the first twenty terms of the
arithmetic progression in terms of a. [6]
qp12 q4 m22

8(a) The sum of the first 20 terms of an arithmetic progression is 405 and the sum of the first 40 terms
is 1410.

Find the 60th term of the progression. [5]

(b) The fifth, sixth and seventh terms of a geometric progression are 8k, −12 and 2k respectively.

Given that k is negative, find the sum to infinity of the progression. [4]
qp11 q2&5 s21

9 (a) A geometric progression is such that the second term is equal to 24% of the sum to infinity.

Find the possible values of the common ratio. [3]

(b) An arithmetic progression P has first term a and common difference d . An arithmetic progression
Q has first term 2 a + 1
and common difference d + 1
. It is given that
5th term of P 1 Sum of first 5 terms of P 2
= and = .
12th term of Q 3 Sum of first 5 terms of Q 3
Find the value of a and the value of d . [6]
qp13 q9 s21

10 The first term of an arithmetic progression is a and the common difference is −4. The first term
of a geometric progression is 5a and the common ratio is − 14 . The sum to infinity of the geometric
progression is equal to the sum of the first eight terms of the arithmetic progression.

(a) Find the value of a. [4]

The kth term of the arithmetic progression is zero.

(b) Find the value of k. [2]

qp11 q4 w21

96
 
11(i) The first, third and fifth terms of an arithmetic progression are 2 cos x, −6 3 sin x and 10 cos x
respectively, where 21 π < x < π.

(a) Find the exact value of x. [3]

(b) Hence find the exact sum of the first 25 terms of the progression. [3]

(ii) The second term of a geometric progression is 54 and the sum to infinity of the progression is 243.
1
The common ratio is greater than 2 .

Find the tenth term, giving your answer in exact form. [5]
qp12 q5&6 w21

12 The first term of an arithmetic progression is 84 and the common difference is −3.

(a) Find the smallest value of n for which the nth term is negative. [2]

It is given that the sum of the first 2k terms of this progression is equal to the sum of the first k terms.

(b) Find the value of k. [3]

qp13 q4 w21

13 A geometric progression has first term a, common ratio r and sum to infinity S. A second geometric
progression has first term a, common ratio R and sum to infinity 2S.

(a) Show that r = 2R − 1. [3]

It is now given that the 3rd term of the first progression is equal to the 2nd term of the second
progression.

(b) Express S in terms of a. [4]

qp11 q8 w20

14 (i) The first, second and third terms of a geometric progression are 2p + 6, −2p and p + 2
respectively,where p is positive.

Find the sum to infinity of the progression. [5]

(ii) The sum, Sn , of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression is given by

Sn = n2 + 4n.
The kth term in the progression is greater than 200.

Find the smallest possible value of k. [5]

qp12 q2&4 w12

97
 tan2 1
and −
1
15 The first and second terms of an arithmetic progression are
cos2 1 cos2 1
, respectively, where
0<1< 1 π.
2

(a) Show that the common difference is −

1
cos4 1
. [4]

(b) Find the exact value of the 13th term when 1 = 16 π. [3]
qp13 q7 w20

16(i) The sum of the first nine terms of an arithmetic progression is 117. The sum of the next four
termsis 91.

Find the first term and the common difference of the progression. [4]

(ii) Each year the selling price of a diamond necklace increases by 5% of the price the year before. The
selling price of the necklace in the year 2000 was $36 000.

(a) Write down an expression for the selling price of the necklace n years later and hence find the
selling price in 2008. [3]

(b) The company that makes the necklace only sells one each year. Find the total amount of money
obtained in the ten-year period starting in the year 2000. [2]
qp11 q1&3 s20

1
17 The nth term of an arithmetic progression is 2 3n − 15
.

Find the value of n for which the sum of the first n terms is 84. [5]
qp12 q4 s20

2 1
18 The first term of a progression is sin 1, where 0 < 1 < 2 π. The second term of the progression is
sin2 1 cos2 1.

(a) Given that the progression is geometric, find the sum to infinity. [3]

It is now given instead that the progression is arithmetic.

(b) (i) Find the common difference of the progression in terms of sin 1. [3]

(ii) Find the sum of the first 16 terms when 1 = 13 π. [3]

qp13 q8 s20

98
19 A woman’s basic salary for her first year with a particular company is $30 000 and at the end of the
year she also gets a bonus of $600.

(a) For her first year, express her bonus as a percentage of her basic salary. [1]

At the end of each complete year, the woman’s basic salary will increase by 3% and her bonus will
increase by $100.

(b) Express the bonus she will be paid at the end of her 24th year as a percentage of the basic salary
paid during that year. [5]
qp12 q8 m20

20 (i) The first and second terms of a geometric progression are p and 2p respectively, where p is a
n
positive constant. The sum of the first n terms is greater than 1000p. Show that 2 > 1001. [2]

(ii) In another case, p and 2p are the first and second terms respectively of an arithmetic progression.
The nth term is 336 and the sum of the first n terms is 7224. Write down two equations in n and
p and hence find the values of n and p. [5]
qp12 q6 m19

21 (a) The third and fourth terms of a geometric progression are 48 and 32 respectively. Find the sum
to infinity of the progression. [3]

(b) Two schemes are proposed for increasing the amount of household waste that is recycled each
week.
Scheme A is to increase the amount of waste recycled each month by 0.16 tonnes.
Scheme B is to increase the amount of waste recycled each month by 6% of the amount
recycled in the previous month.
The proposal is to operate the scheme for a period of 24 months. The amount recycled in the
first month is 2.5 tonnes.

For each scheme, find the total amount of waste that would be recycled over the 24-month period.
[5]
Scheme A .......................................................................................................................................
Scheme B .......................................................................................................................................
qp11 q8 s19

22 Two heavyweight boxers decide that they would be more successful if they competed in a lower
weight class. For each boxer this would require a total weight loss of 13 kg. At the end of week 1
they have each recorded a weight loss of 1 kg and they both find that in each of the following weeks
their weight loss is slightly less than the week before.

Boxer A’s weight loss in week 2 is 0.98 kg. It is given that his weekly weight loss follows an arithmetic
progression.

(i) Write down an expression for his total weight loss after x weeks. [1]

99
 (ii) He reaches his 13 kg target during week n. Use your answer to part (i) to find the value of n. [2]

Boxer B’s weight loss in week 2 is 0.92 kg and it is given that his weekly weight loss follows a
geometric progression.

(iii) Calculate his total weight loss after 20 weeks and show that he can never reach his target. [4]
qp13 q5 s19

23 The first, second and third terms of a geometric progression are 3k, 5k − 6 and 6k − 4, respectively.

(i) Show that k satisfies the equation 7k2 − 48k + 36 = 0. [2]

(ii) Find, showing all necessary working, the exact values of the common ratio corresponding to
each of the possible values of k. [4]

(iii) One of these ratios gives a progression which is convergent. Find the sum to infinity. [2]
qp13 q9 w19

24 (a) Over a 21-day period an athlete prepares for a marathon by increasing the distance she runs each
day by 1.2 km. On the first day she runs 13 km.
(i) Find the distance she runs on the last day of the 21-day period. [1]
(ii) Find the total distance she runs in the 21-day period. [2]

(b) The first, second and third terms of a geometric progression are x, x − 3 and x − 5 respectively.
(i) Find the value of x. [2]
(ii) Find the fourth term of the progression. [2]
(iii) Find the sum to infinity of the progression. [2]
qp12 q8 w19

25 The first term of a series is 6 and the second term is 2.

(i) For the case where the series is an arithmetic progression, find the sum of the first 80 terms. [3]

(ii) For the case where the series is a geometric progression, find the sum to infinity. [2]
qp11 q4 w18

26 (a) A geometric progression has a second term of 12 and a sum to infinity of 54. Find the possible
values of the first term of the progression. [4]
(b) The nth term of a progression is p + qn, where p and q are constants, and Sn is the sum of the
first n terms.
(i) Find an expression, in terms of p, q and n, for Sn . [3]

(ii) Given that S4 = 40 and S6 = 72, find the values of p and q. [2]
qp11 q8 s18

100
27 On a certain day, the height of a young bamboo plant was found to be 40 cm. After exactly one day its
height was found to be 41.2 cm. Two different models are used to predict its height exactly 60 days
after it was first measured.
³ Model A assumes that the daily amount of growth continues to be constant at the amount found
for the first day.
³ Model B assumes that the daily percentage rate of growth continues to be constant at the
percentage rate of growth found for the first day.

(i) Using model A, find the predicted height in cm of the bamboo plant exactly 60 days after it was
first measured. [2]

(ii) Using model B, find the predicted height in cm of the bamboo plant exactly 60 days after it was
first measured. [3]
qp12 q3 m18

28 (a) An arithmetic progression has a first term of 32, a 5th term of 22 and a last term of −28. Find the
sum of all the terms in the progression. [4]

(b) Each year a school allocates a sum of money for the library. The amount allocated each year
increases by 2.5% of the amount allocated the previous year. In 2005 the school allocated $2000.
Find the total amount allocated in the years 2005 to 2014 inclusive. [3]
qp11 q4 s17

29 The common ratio of a geometric progression is r. The first term of the progression is r 2 − 3r + 2

and the sum to infinity is S.

(i) Show that S = 2 − r. [2]

(ii) Find the set of possible values that S can take. [2]
qp13 q2 s17

30 (a) Each year, the value of a certain rare stamp increases by 5% of its value at the beginning of the
year. A collector bought the stamp for $10 000 at the beginning of 2005. Find its value at the
beginning of 2015 correct to the nearest $100. [2]

(b) The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression is 12 n 3n + 7
. Find the 1st term and the
common difference of the progression. [4]
qp12 q3 w17

31 An arithmetic progression has first term −12 and common difference 6. The sum of the first n terms
exceeds 3000. Calculate the least possible value of n. [4]
qp13 q1 w17

101
32 (a) A cyclist completes a long-distance charity event across Africa. The total distance is 3050 km.
He starts the event on May 1st and cycles 200 km on that day. On each subsequent day he
reduces the distance cycled by 5 km.
(i) How far will he travel on May 15th? [2]
(ii) On what date will he finish the event? [3]

(b) A geometric progression is such that the third term is 8 times the sixth term, and the sum of the
first six terms is 31 12 . Find
(i) the first term of the progression, [4]
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression. [1]
qp12 q8 w16

33 (a) Two convergent geometric progressions, P and Q, have the same sum to infinity. The first and
second terms of P are 6 and 6r respectively. The first and second terms of Q are 12 and −12r
respectively. Find the value of the common sum to infinity. [3]
(b) The first term of an arithmetic progression is cos 1 and the second term is cos 1 + sin2 1, where
0 ≤ 1 ≤ 0. The sum of the first 13 terms is 52. Find the possible values of 1. [5]
qp13 q9 w16

34 (a) The first term of a geometric progression in which all the terms are positive is 50. The third term
is 32. Find the sum to infinity of the progression. [3]

(b) The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are 2 sin x, 3 cos x and sin x + 2 cos x

respectively, where x is an acute angle.

(i) Show that tan x = 43 . [3]

(ii) Find the sum of the first twenty terms of the progression. [3]
qp11 q9 s16

35 A water tank holds 2000 litres when full. A small hole in the base is gradually getting bigger so that
each day a greater amount of water is lost.

(i) On the first day after filling, 10 litres of water are lost and this increases by 2 litres each day.
(a) How many litres will be lost on the 30th day after filling? [2]
(b) The tank becomes empty during the nth day after filling. Find the value of n. [3]

(ii) Assume instead that 10 litres of water are lost on the first day and that the amount of water lost
increases by 10% on each succeeding day. Find what percentage of the original 2000 litres is
left in the tank at the end of the 30th day after filling. [4]
qp12 q9 s16

102
 1 and 2 respectively. Find the sum to
36 (a) The third and fourth terms of a geometric progression are 3 9
infinity of the progression. [4]

(b) A circle is divided into 5 sectors in such a way that the angles of the sectors are in arithmetic
progression. Given that the angle of the largest sector is 4 times the angle of the smallest sector,
find the angle of the largest sector. [4]
qp11 q7 s15

37 (a) The first term of an arithmetic progression is −2222 and the common difference is 17. Find the
value of the first positive term. [3]
(b) The first term of a geometric progression is ï3 and the second term is 2 cos 1, where 0 < 1 < 0.
Find the set of values of 1 for which the progression is convergent. [5]
qp13 q9 s15

38 The first term of a progression is 4x and the second term is x2 .

(i) For the case where the progression is arithmetic with a common difference of 12, find the possible
values of x and the corresponding values of the third term. [4]

(ii) For the case where the progression is geometric with a sum to infinity of 8, find the third term.
qp11 q8 w15 [4]

39 A ball is such that when it is dropped from a height of 1 metre it bounces vertically from the ground
to a height of 0.96 metres. It continues to bounce on the ground and each time the height the ball
reaches is reduced. Two different models, A and B, describe this.
Model A : The height reached is reduced by 0.04 metres each time the ball bounces.
Model B : The height reached is reduced by 4% each time the ball bounces.

(i) Find the total distance travelled vertically (up and down) by the ball from the 1st time it hits the
ground until it hits the ground for the 21st time,
(a) using model A, [3]
(b) using model B. [3]

(ii) Show that, under model B, even if there is no limit to the number of times the ball bounces, the
total vertical distance travelled after the first time it hits the ground cannot exceed 48 metres.
qp13 q6 w15
[2]

40 The 1st, 2nd and 3rd terms of a geometric progression are the 1st, 9th and 21st terms respectively
of an arithmetic progression. The 1st term of each progression is 8 and the common ratio of the
geometric progression is r, where r ≠ 1. Find
(i) the value of r, [4]
(ii) the 4th term of each progression. [3]
qp12 q6 s14

103
41 The first term in a progression is 36 and the second term is 32.

(i) Given that the progression is geometric, find the sum to infinity. [2]

(ii) Given instead that the progression is arithmetic, find the number of terms in the progression if
the sum of all the terms is 0. [3]
qp13 q2 s14

42 (i) A geometric progression has first term a (a ≠ 0), common ratio r and sum to infinity S. A second
geometric progression has first term a, common ratio 2r and sum to infinity 3S. Find the value
of r. [3]

(ii) An arithmetic progression has first term 7. The nth term is 84 and the (3n)th term is 245. Find
the value of n. [4]
qp11 q7 w14

4 3 (a) The sum, Sn , of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression is given by Sn = 32n − n . Find the
2

first term and the common difference. [3]

(b) A geometric progression in which all the terms are positive has sum to infinity 20. The sum of
the first two terms is 12.8. Find the first term of the progression. [5]
qp12 q8 w14

44 Three geometric progressions, P, Q and R, are such that their sums to infinity are the first three terms
respectively of an arithmetic progression.
Progression P is 2, 1, 12 , 14 ,  .
Progression Q is 3, 1, 13 , 19 ,  .

(i) Find the sum to infinity of progression R. [3]

(ii) Given that the first term of R is 4, find the sum of the first three terms of R. [3]
qp13 q4 w14

45 (a) An athlete runs the first mile of a marathon in 5 minutes. His speed reduces in such a way that
each mile takes 12 seconds longer than the preceding mile.
(i) Given that the nth mile takes 9 minutes, find the value of n. [2]
(ii) Assuming that the length of the marathon is 26 miles, find the total time, in hours and
minutes, to complete the marathon. [2]

(b) The second and third terms of a geometric progression are 48 and 32 respectively. Find the sum
to infinity of the progression. [4]

qp12 q7 w13

104
46 (a) In a geometric progression, the sum to infinity is equal to eight times the first term. Find the
common ratio. [2]
(b) In an arithmetic progression, the fifth term is 197 and the sum of the first ten terms is 2040. Find
the common difference. [4]
qp13 q5 w13

2
47 (a) In an arithmetic progression, the sum, Sn , of the first n terms is given by Sn = 2n + 8n. Find the
first term and the common difference of the progression. [3]

(b) The first 2 terms of a geometric progression are 64 and 48 respectively. The first 3 terms of the
geometric progression are also the 1st term, the 9th term and the nth term respectively of an
arithmetic progression. Find the value of n. [5]
qp13 q9 s13

2
48 (a) The first two terms of an arithmetic progression are 1 and cos x respectively. Show that the sum
of the first ten terms can be expressed in the form a − b sin x, where a and b are constants to be
2

found. [3]

(b) The first two terms of a geometric progression are 1 and 31 tan2 θ respectively, where 0 < θ < 12 π .
(i) Find the set of values of θ for which the progression is convergent. [2]
(ii) Find the exact value of the sum to infinity when θ = 16 π . [2]
qp11 q7 s12

49 The first term of an arithmetic progression is 12 and the sum of the first 9 terms is 135.

(i) Find the common difference of the progression. [2]

The first term, the ninth term and the nth term of this arithmetic progression are the first term, the
second term and the third term respectively of a geometric progression.

(ii) Find the common ratio of the geometric progression and the value of n. [5]
qp13 q6 s12

50 (a) In a geometric progression, all the terms are positive, the second term is 24 and the fourth term
1
is 13 2 . Find
(i) the first term, [3]
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression. [2]

(b) A circle is divided into n sectors in such a way that the angles of the sectors are in arithmetic
progression. The smallest two angles are 3◦ and 5◦ . Find the value of n. [4]
qp12 q8 w12

105
51 (a) The sixth term of an arithmetic progression is 23 and the sum of the first ten terms is 200. Find
the seventh term. [4]
(b) A geometric progression has first term 1 and common ratio r. A second geometric progression
has first term 4 and common ratio 41 r. The two progressions have the same sum to infinity, S.
Find the values of r and S. [3]
qp11 q6 w11

52 (a) An arithmetic progression contains 25 terms and the first term is −15. The sum of all the terms
in the progression is 525. Calculate
(i) the common difference of the progression, [2]
(ii) the last term in the progression, [2]
(iii) the sum of all the positive terms in the progression. [2]

(b) A college agrees a sponsorship deal in which grants will be received each year for sports
equipment. This grant will be $4000 in 2012 and will increase by 5% each year. Calculate
(i) the value of the grant in 2022, [2]
(ii) the total amount the college will receive in the years 2012 to 2022 inclusive. [2]
qp12 q1 w11

53 (a) A circle is divided into 6 sectors in such a way that the angles of the sectors are in arithmetic
progression. The angle of the largest sector is 4 times the angle of the smallest sector. Given
that the radius of the circle is 5 cm, find the perimeter of the smallest sector. [6]
(b) The first, second and third terms of a geometric progression are 2k + 3, k + 6 and k, respectively.
Given that all the terms of the geometric progression are positive, calculate
(i) the value of the constant k, [3]
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression. [2]
qp12 q10 s11

54 (a) A geometric progression has a third term of 20 and a sum to infinity which is three times the first
term. Find the first term. [4]
(b) An arithmetic progression is such that the eighth term is three times the third term. Show that
the sum of the first eight terms is four times the sum of the first four terms. [4]
qp13 q6 s11

106
55 The first term of a geometric progression is 12 and the second term is −6. Find
(i) the tenth term of the progression, [3]
(ii) the sum to infinity. [2]
qp13 q1 s10

56 The ninth term of an arithmetic progression is 22 and the sum of the first 4 terms is 49.

(i) Find the first term of the progression and the common difference. [4]

The nth term of the progression is 46.

(ii) Find the value of n. [2]

qp11 q3 s10

57 (a) The first and second terms of an arithmetic progression are 161 and 154 respectively. The sum
of the first m terms is zero. Find the value of m. [3]
(b) A geometric progression, in which all the terms are positive, has common ratio r. The sum of
the first n terms is less than 90% of the sum to infinity. Show that rn > 0.1. [3]

qp12 q5 w12

58 (a) A geometric progression has first term 100 and sum to infinity 2000. Find the second term. [3]

(b) An arithmetic progression has third term 90 and fifth term 80.
(i) Find the first term and the common difference. [2]
(ii) Find the value of m given that the sum of the first m terms is equal to the sum of the first
(m + 1) terms. [2]
(iii) Find the value of n given that the sum of the first n terms is zero. [2]
qp13 q9 w10

107