DEFINITION

Syntax: Syntax is traditionally the name given to the study of the form, positioning, and
grouping, of the elements that go to make up sentences.
Syntax has to do with how words are put together to build phrases, with how phrases are
put together to build clauses or bigger phrases and with how clauses are put together to
build sentences.
or in a bit word, it's about the structure of sentences (simple definition)
English syntax: belum ada definisi : Wafi (as cited in Purnomoadjie & Mulyadi, 2019, p. 57)
states that English syntax discusses about the system of rules and categories that allows
words to be combined to form sentences.
Part of speech: word, phrase, clause, sentence
The clause is smaller than the sentence and the pharase is smaller than the clause

Word class:
noun=kata benda
Verb= kata kerja
Adjective= kata sifat
Adverb= kata keterangan
Conjunction= kata hubung
Preposition= kata depan

Phrase: Phrases are sequences of words that can function as constituents in the structure
of sentences.
 Simple definition: A phrase is a group of words that does not express a complete thought
may lack a subject or a verb or both.
 Phrase is understood as the group of words that go together to make up a unit in a sentence.

Phrase class: yang dimaksud phrase itu adalah compound word (penggabungan) / Non
predicative (gabungan kata yang tidak mempunyai inti kalimat artinya ia tidak membentuk
satu kalimat).

NP: The main word in a noun phrase is a noun or a pronoun.

Example:
VP: A verb phrase (VP) is the main verb and one or more helping verbs.
Example:

AdjP: An adjective phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun.

Example:

AdvP: A prepositional phrase that answers any of these questions When? Where? How? Why?
Under what conditions? or To what degree?—is an adverb phrase.

Example:

PreP: A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and usually ends with a noun or a pronoun.
Example:

Clause: a group words which form a grammatical unit and which contain a subject and a finite
verb.

Clause: clause dapat dikatakan sebagai sebuah kalimat (predicative) lebih kecil daripada kalimat
(sentence).

Clauses are classified as a dependent and independent:

Dependent Clause: A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does
not express a complete thought. A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. (bound to
meaning= tidak bias berdiri sendiri) (makananya harus terikat oleh unsur2 klausa lainnya). biasanya
ada konjungsi.

Example:

Independent Clause: An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and
expresses a complete idea. An independent clause is also a sentence. (free to meaning= dapat berdiri
sendiri) (sudah memiliki makna) Biasanya ditandai dengan to be/ verb (predicate).

Example:

Sentence:

Type of sentence:

Declarative:

 “declares” a fact or makes a statement

 usually ends with a period

Example:

Interrogative

 asks a question
 ends with a question mark

Example:

Exclamatory:
  expresses strong emotions or feelings
 ends with an exclamation mark

Example:

Imperative

 gives a command or makes a request

 usually begins with a verb
 usually ends with a period, though if the command is strong, it can end with an exclamation
mark the subject of the sentence is understood

Example:

Sentence structure

 Simple Sentence: A simple sentence is a group of words that can stand independently
to express a complete thought. It has a subject and a predicate and may have added
phrases. A simple sentence is an independent clause.
Example:

 Compound Sentence: A compound sentence joins two or more independent clauses. A

co-coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, so, yet) or a semicolon is used to join these
two equal clauses.
Example:

 Complex Sentence: A complex sentence contains an independent clause and one or

more dependent clauses. It usually contains a subordinating conjunction to help it flow
more smoothly and to help make the sentence’s meaning clear.
Example:

 Compound-Complex: A compound-complex sentence is a blend of the two structures.

It contains two or more independent clauses, as well as one or more subordinate
(sometimes called dependent) clauses.
Example:

The importance of learning syntax in English language teaching:

as future teachers, it's truly important to study syntax because by studying syntax, it helps us
understand sentences and paragraphs, how they relate to each other. As a teacher it is also essential
to study syntax for writing skills, teachers who understand sentence structure can craft more
complex and meaningful sentences.