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S.3 Lesson 8, Grammar

The document discusses rules for transforming clauses beginning with though, although, even though, or in spite of the fact that into phrases. It provides examples of original sentences and their transformed equivalents according to four rules: 1) omitting the subject and verb 'be' if the subjects are the same, 2) putting the adjective first, 3) omitting the subject and changing the verb to the present participle, 4) rewriting sentences beginning with 'Although' according to the above rules.

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25 views6 pages

S.3 Lesson 8, Grammar

The document discusses rules for transforming clauses beginning with though, although, even though, or in spite of the fact that into phrases. It provides examples of original sentences and their transformed equivalents according to four rules: 1) omitting the subject and verb 'be' if the subjects are the same, 2) putting the adjective first, 3) omitting the subject and changing the verb to the present participle, 4) rewriting sentences beginning with 'Although' according to the above rules.

Uploaded by

Mal Eficent
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Clauses of concession

These are clauses beginning with though, although, even though, or


in spite of the fact that. There are several ways in which they can be
transformed into phrases.

Rule number one:

Clauses like although he is still a young man or although she was a


woman of nearly eighty, which contain be and a noun complement,
can be changed by omitting the subject and be, IF THE SUBJECTS OF
THE SURBORDINATE CLAUSE AND THE MAIN CLAUSE REFER TO THE
SAME THING.

Examples:

Original sentence Transformed sentence

1. Although he is still a young 1. Although still a young man, he


man, he has already won the has already won the confidence
confidence of his seniors. of his seniors.

2. Although she was then a 2. Although then a woman of


woman of nearly eighty, she still nearly eighty, she still did all her
did all her own work. own work.

Ms Ggombe Hanifah Page 1


Rule number two:

Clauses like although he is poor or although I was still anxious to


help, containing be + an adjective complement, can also be changed
into phrases by omitting the subject and be, IF THE SUBJECTS OF THE
SURBORDINATE CLAUSE AND THE MAIN CLAUSE REFER TO THE SAME
THING.

Example:

Original sentence Transformed sentence

1. Although he is poor, he has 1. Although poor, he has been


been able to give all his children able to give all his children good
good education. education.

Rule number three:

Although clauses containing be + an adjective complement and


those containing it as the subject with be or a verb like seems,
appears, or looks + an adjective complement can be changed by
simply putting the adjective first, IF THE SUBJECTS OF THE
SURBORDINATE CLAUSE AND THE MAIN CLAUSE REFER TO THE SAME
THING.
Note: only the form though (not although) can be used in this
transformation. It can also be replaced by as, as in the second
example.

Examples:

Ms Ggombe Hanifah Page 2


Original sentence Transformed sentence

1. Although they are poor, they 1. Poor though they are, they are
are a happy family. a happy family.
Or:
Poor as they are, they are a poor
family.

2. Although it seems unlikely, it is 2. Unlikely though it seems, it is


true. true.
Or:
Unlikely as it seems, it is true.

Rule number four:

Clauses like although he is earning a good salary, containing a


continuous form, can be changed by omitting the subject and be.
Clause like although he earns (or earned) a good salary, containing
an ordinary verb, can be changed by omitting the subject and
changing the verb into the present-participle form. The result is the
same in both cases, and both transformations can only be made, IF
THE SUBJECTS OF THE SURBORDINATE CLAUSE AND THE MAIN
CLAUSE REFER TO THE SAME THING.

Examples:

Original sentence Transformed sentence

1. Although he is earning a good 1. Although he is earning a good

Ms Ggombe Hanifah Page 3


salary, he is always short of salary, he is always short of
money. money.

2. Although she worked for a 2. Although she worked for a


private company, she had a good private company, she had a good
many irons of her own in the fire. many irons of her own in the fire.

Exercise:

Rewrite these sentences, changing the although clauses by using


one of the four transformations above. Write those containing
seem, appear, or look in two ways: using though in one and as in
the other.

1. Although he was a good soldier, he never rose very high in the


army.

2. Although she is a woman of kindly disposition, she is extremely shy


and nervous with other people.

3. Nikita, although she is a tremendously busy woman, still has time


to help others.

4. Although he was a brilliant debater at school, Mr Batenga has


never made a good speech since he was elected to Parliament.

5. Although he is thoroughly trustworthy, he has never been given


much responsibility in the office.

6. Although they were rather dubious about the result of the


discussions, the men agreed to go back to work.

7. Although they were enthusiastic at first, they soon lost interest.

Ms Ggombe Hanifah Page 4


8. Although they were satisfied with Jolly as their prefect, they
thought that Berna would have made a better netball captain.

9. Although it seems improbable, Norman can actually jump higher


than Simon can.

10. Although the outlook appears bleak, I am sure that better times
are coming.

11. Although Sulaiman looks old, he is both intelligent and sensible.

12. Although it seems strange, this story is absolutely and literally


true.

13. Although she works for a big firm, she earns only a small salary.

14. Although I questioned the truth of his story, I decided to give him
the benefit of the doubt.

15. Although they suspected that something was wrong, they failed
to take any steps to find out what it was.

16. Although he was at that time running his own business, he was
engaged in many different charitable activities.

Exercise:

Rewrite these sentences, following the instructions in brackets.


Write the first three sentences in two different ways.

Ms Ggombe Hanifah Page 5


1. Although it seems unlikely, he has won the prize for maths. (Begin:
Unlikely...)

2. In spite of the fact that the outcome appears uncertain, I


personally think we shall succeed. (Begin: Uncertain...)

3. Although I was ill, I could not help going out to see what was
happening. (Begin: Ill...)

4. Because she knew that she had no chance of winning, she


withdrew from the contest. (Begin: Knowing...)

5. Because he was unable to think of a reasonable answer, she


resorted to personal abuse. (Begin: Unable...)

6. Because I thought I would find the others there, I went down to


the river. (Begin: Thinking...)

Ms Ggombe Hanifah Page 6

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