Lesson 1: Computer Basics 

Friday, June 09, 2023  12:22 PM 

Computer   - electronic device that manipulates data or  

  information, has the ability to store, retrieve and  
  process data.   
     
     
  1. HARDAWARE - physical part   
4 BASIC PARTS OF    
THE COMPUTER  2. SOFTWARE - makes the computer perform certain  
  tasks   
     
  3. PEOPLE - one who operates computer (users)   
     
  4. DATA - bits of information (words, numbers, images  
  or sounds in the form of numbers)   
     
     
  1.) First Generation (Vacuum Tubes)   
  -mainly consists of vacuum tubes as the basic  
EVOLUTION OF component for the CPU   
COMPUTER  -output device: punch cards, paper tape & magnetic  
tape  ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) 
-used machine codes as the programming language  -first programmable general-purpose electronic digital
  computer 
   
  EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) 
  -binary 
  -designed to be a stored-program computer 
   
  UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 
  -series of electrical computers containing thousands of
  vacuum tubes 
  -input: punch cards and switches / output & data storage:
  punch card 
   
  IBM-701 (aka IBM Defense Calculator) 
  -first commercial computer 
   
2.) Second Generation (Transistors)   
-used transistors instead of vacuum tubes  IBM1620 
-reduced size of computers  -general purpose 
-used assembly language and high-level programming -stored-program data processing system for small business,
languages like COBOL and FORTRAN  research and engineering departments of large companies
-used multiprogramming operating and batch and schools 
processing   
  IBM 7094 
  -designed for large-scale scientific and technological
  applications 
   
  CDC 1604 
  -48-bit computer 
3.) Third Generation (Chip / Integrated Circuit (IC))  -one of the first commercially successful transistorized
-semi-conductors increased efficiency and speed  computer 
-Operating System were developed, Monitors and  
Keyboard became popular    
  ERMA (Electronic Recording Machine Accounting) 
  -primary function: to automate bookkeeping process 
   
4.) Fourth Generation (Microprocessor)  PDP-8 
-the technology is based on Microprocessors  -the first minicomputer 
-a microprocessor's primary function is to integrate all  
of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single  
integrated circuit   
-Graphics User Interface (GUI) technology was  
exploited to offer more comfort to users   
   
   
5.) Fifth Generation(Under the development)   
-based on the principles of Artificial Intelligence and  
Natural Language recognition   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Desktop 
Laptop 
NoteBook 
UltraBook 
Chromebook