SAP ABAP Interview

Questions & Answers

SAP ABAP INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
What is the difference between Domain and Data Element?

Ans – Domain is used for the technical information of the table field such as field type
and length. It is created through SE11>Domain.

Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in
working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has
the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables fulfill the function of arrays

IDoc (intermediate document) is a standard data structure used in SAP applications to

transfer data to and from SAP system applications and external systems. Using IDocs,
companies with SAP ERP systems, for example, can exchange data with external entities
like their partners or customers
Internal table- stroing data in a fix format working on abap memory. It stores data line
by line .

By using abap program we can store data. Standard Internal Table, Sorted Internal
Tables, Hashed Internal Tables

• Collective Search Helps:- Combination of elementary search helps. When we

need to fetch data based on multiple selection criteria’s. More than one tables are
Selection from multiple tables.
• In Elementary Search Help selection method should be entered but there is no
selection method to be entered for a Collective Search Help instead of the
selection method, we enter the included search helps for the Collective Search
help.

Work area- its hold single row data . Work Area refers to a single row of a fixed structure.
It is basically used for storing temporary data. It is commonly used while iterating over a
loop.

EDI- EDI is an electronic business document exchange between

business partners’ computer systems using a common
format over a communication network.
Reduced data entry errors during manual processing
Reduced cycle processing time, distribution in real-time,
• Availability of electronic format data

• Lowered Paperwork
• Reduced costs

• ALE

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ALE supports the distribution of the business functions and process across loosely
coupled SAP R/3 systems (different versions of SAP R/3). Connections from R/2 and non
SAP systems is also supported.

Difference between ALE and EDI ?

ALE is used to support distributed yet integrated processes across several SAP systems
whereas EDI is used for the exchange of business documents between the systems of
business partners (could be non-SAP systems)

ALE is SAP’s technology for supporting a distributed environment whereas EDI is a

process used for exchange of business documents which now have been given a standard
format

Both ALE and EDI require data exchange. An Idoc is a data container which is used for
data exchange by both EDI and ALE processes.

BADI stands for Business Add Ins Just like Customer Exits , BADI help hook custom
enhancements to SAP functionality

• BADI’s are Object Oriented

• They can be implemented multiple times
• It does not require SAP Software Change Registration
• No effect on release upgraded on the functioning of BADI’s

Define a BADI
Creating BADI Definition : Transaction SE18

Implement a BADI

Define BADI interface: Transaction SE19

Business Application Programming Interface(BAPI1) are standardized programming

interfaces (methods) enabling external applications to access business processes and
data in the R/3 System.

BAPIs are defined in the BOR(Business object repository) as methods of SAP business
object types that carry out specific business functions.They are implemented as RFC-
enabled function modules and are created in the Function Builder of the ABAP
Workbench.

Explain the concept of BADIs?

Ans – BADI is called Business Add-in. There are two types of BADIs – Classical BADI and
New BADI.

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 • BADI is reusable

• BADI can be implemented many times.

• BADI enables each party in software delivery chain to offer enhancements.

Components created when you define BADI as follows:

• Interface

SMARTFORMS

Explain the concept of User Exits?

Ans – User Exits are a type of system enhancement that was originally developed for
Sales and Distribution (SD) component.
The original purpose was to avoid Modification Adjustment by the user.

It is a modification, as it requires you to change objects in SAP namespace. It creates a

special include in module pool. Naming convention of the user exit is:
USEREXIT_<NAME>.

After delivering, SAP never altes includes created in this manner. If new user exits have
to be delivered in new release, they are put in new include program.

Explain1 about Explicit Enhancement and Implicit Enhancement?

Ans – Explicit Enhancement – It is the type of enhancement in which there is some pre-
preparation done by SAP.

There are 3 components in this enhancement.

•
ENHANCEMENT-POINT
•
ENHANCEMENT-SECTION
•
ENHANCEMENT-SPOT
Explicit Enhancement can be implemented getting into the Enhancement Mode by
clicking the spiral button -> Right click into the enhancement point you plan to
implement and select Enhancement Implementation->Create. You will be asked a name
of the implementation and a description and after that you can add your code.

Implicit1BAPI Enhancement – It is the type of enhancement in which there is no pre-

preparation done by SAP.

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You can start this enhancement from anywhere. It can at the start of code, end of code,
Start of function module, End of function module.

You can see what are available by going into editor and go to edit -> Enhancement
Operations -> Show Implicit Enhancement Option.

The ABAP List Viewer (ALV1I) is a set of application programming interfaces (APIs;
function modules or classes) for displaying data in a tabular or hierarchical format and
built-in options for visual presentation and event processing.
Classical-Interactive-Logical Database-ALV Reports (ALV stands for ABAP List Viewer)-
ABAP query -Report Writer/Report Painter-Views (There are different types of views
also)

Classical1 reports are normal reports. These reports are not having any sub reports. IT IS
HAVING ONLY ONE SCREEN/LIST FOR OUTPUT.

Interactive1 Reports-As the name suggests, the user can Interact with the report. We can
have a drill down into the report data. For example, Column one of the report displays
the material numbers, and the user feels that he needs some more specific data about
the vendor for that material, he can
HIDE that data under those material numbers

Alv-abap list viewer enhance the output of report.sap provides a set of alv f-modules
which can be used & it also improve the functionality & readability of any report
output.used to arranges the column in a report output.

Function modules--- Function module are sub program that contains set of reusable
source code statement with import and export parameters.Function module are sub
prram that contains set of reusable source code statement with import and export
parameters.
Output function modules-REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY,REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLA [0 Do
you know any other FM s

: 1. REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE

2. REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE

3. REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_INIT

4. REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_APPEND

5. REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_DISPLAY

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What are function modules?

Function modules are general-purpose library routines that are available system-wide.

What are the types of parameters in the function modules?

In general, function module can have four types of parameters:

• EXPORTING: for passing data to the called function.

• IMPORTING: for receiving data returned from the function module.

• TABLES: for passing internal tables only, by reference (that is, by address).

• CHANGING: for passing parameters to and from the function.

What is the difference between Leave Transaction and Call Transaction?

In contrast to LEAVE TO TRANSACTION, the CALL TRANSACTION statement causes the

system to start a new SAP LUW. This second SAP LUW runs parallel to the SAP LUW for
the calling transaction.

How can we pass selection and parameter data to a report?

There are three options for passing selection and parameter data to the report.

• Using SUBMIT…WITH

• Using a report variant.

• Using a range table.

• ALV report EVENT 1. Top_of_page

• 2. Top_of_list
• 3. End_of_page
• 4. End_of_list
• 5. User_command

• 6. Pf_status_set
• SAP Scripting
• Featured snippet from the web
• SAP Scripts is used to generate formatted documents and for external purposes
to print and transfer business documents. Formatted document contains logos,
tables, and other formatting objects. You can print preformatted text in forms
which are not possible with normal ABAP codes.

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Data Element – It is used not only the technical description but also the semantic
information of the table field such as short description. It can be created through SE11-
>Data Type -> Data Element option.

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What is Data Class in Transparent Table settings?

Ans – It depicts how the data is stored in the table and determines in which tablespace it
is stored. It is assigned in the Technical settings of the table.

Classification

• APPL0 – Master Data. Data, which seldom changes.

• APPL1 – Transaction Data. It is the Data that is related to day-to-day activity and
frequently updated.
• APPL2 – Organizational and Customizing Data. It is the data when the system is
initialized.

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What is a Table maintenance generator in Data Dictionary?

Ans – It is a tool for maintaining the table ie. Users can create, edit and delete the entries
in the table.

It can be created by the following option.

SE11 -> When table is displayed -> Utilities menu -> Table maintenance generator.

Specify the following settings:.

• Authorization Group
• Function Group

• Assign the screen numbers for either one-step or two-step.

• Click on create button.

• Execute t-code SM30. Enter the table name and click on Maintain Button. Users
can create entries for the table.

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What are different types of views?

Ans – data are usally distributed among different table. Views is used to summarize
these . view is a 'virtual table'
containing fields from one or more tables.

• The different 4 types of views are: Projection View - Just retrieves some fields
from a single table.
• Help View - This is used for search help.
• Database View - This is inner join view of one or more tables.
• Maintenance View - Helps in creating maintaining data of the application object.
The data can be distributed among several tables

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 • AP Adobe form has a capability of Print Form as well as Interactive Form.
• It can be used as Online or Offline Interactive form to integrate the outside
business user into the business process.
• SAP Adobe form uses Adobe Live-cycle Designer as a form designing tool which
is completely integrated into SAPGUI

How to create Lock objects in Data Dictionary?

lock Object is a feature offered by ABAP Dictionary that is used to synchronize access to
the same data by more than one program

Lock objects are function modules to avoid accessing data by two or more users.
There are two types of lock objects are available,
DEQUEE, ENQUEE Type of locks:
Exclusive Lock: The locked data can be read or processed by one user only.

Shared Lock: Several users can read the same data at the same time, but as soon as a
user edits the data, a second user can no longer access this data.

Ans – Lock objects can be created through SE11. It starts with ‘E’ like EZlock. You have to
specify the Table Name and Lock Mode. Specify the Lock Parameter.

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When Lock Object is activated, two-function module are created like
ENQUEUE_<lockobjectname> and DEQUE UE_<lockobjectname>. This Enqueue and
Dequeue method is used to lock and unlock any object in SAP ABAP.
What are the events in the Reports?

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Ans – ALV Download Report Events

INITIALIZATON-Triggered before displaying the selection screen.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN-Triggered after processing of the user input on the selection
screen. This event verifies the user input prior to the execution of a program. After
processing the user input, the selection screen remains in the active mode.
START-OF-SELECTIONn-Triggered only after the processing of the selection screen is
over; that is, when the user clicks the Execute icon on the selection screen.
END-OF-SELECTION-Triggered after the last statement in the START-OF-SELECTON
event is executed.
TOP-OF-PAGE-Triggered by the first WRITE statement to display the data on a new page
END-OF-PAGE-Triggered to display the text at the end of a page in a report. Note, that
this event is the last event while creating a report, and should be combined with the
LINE-COUNT clause of the REPORT statement.

Events associated with Interactive Reports are:

AT LINE-
SELECTION AT
USER-
COMMAND
AT PF<key>
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.

In which event of the report we can handle radio buttons?

Ans – AT-SELECTION SCREEN OUTPUT

How would you add the logo to ALV

report? Ans – Logo can be added in
ALV Report by using FM
‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE
’.
What is the concept of CHAIN..ENDCHAIN?

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Ans – This concept is basically used in the module pool. This is used to group the fields
and used to carry out validations on multiple fields. This is used in PAI (Process After
Input).

For eg:

CHAIN.
FIELD: s_field-ebeln, s_field-ebelp.

MODULE ate_fields. "Validation contained in

vd PAI module
ENDCHAIN.

What are the events in Module Pool?

Ans – Events in Module Pool are:

•
PBO – Process Before Output
•
PAI – Process After Input
•
POV – Process on Value Request
•
POH – Process on Help Request

Name the Tables of the MM module?

TABLE NAME DESCRIPTION

MARA Material General Data
MAKT Material Description
MARC Plant Data for Material
MARD Storage Location Data for Material
MARM Units of Measure for Material
MBEW Material Valuation
MAST Material to BOM Link
MCHA Batches
MKPF Header: Material Document
Name the Tables of SD module?

TABLE NAME DESCRIPTION

VBAK Sales Document Header Data
VBAP Sales Document: Item Data
VBPA Partner
VBKD Business Data
LIKP Delivery: Header Data
LIPS Delivery: Item Data

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VTTK Shipment Data: Header
VTTP Shipment Data: Item
VBRK Billing: Header Data
VBRP Billing: Item Data
VTPA Shipment Partners
How can you debug a SAPScript form?

Ans – To Debug the Script form, follow the steps

SE71->Give the form name->Utilities-

>Activate Debugger

What is the difference between Table and Template in Smartforms?

Ans – The difference between Table and Template is that Table is dynamic in nature and
Template is static in nature.

Is it necessary for Main Window in Smartforms?

Ans – It is not necessary - Main Window in Smartforms.

Is it necessary for Main Window in SAPScript?

Ans – It is necessary - Main Window in SAPScript.

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Which Function Module is used to get name of function module when smartform is
activated?

Ans - SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME – When the SMARTFORM is activated, this

function module is used to get the function module generated automatically by the
smartform.

How would you convert smartform output to PDF format?

Ans –

• Function Module CONVERT_OTF is used to convert the OTF format to PDF

CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_OTF'

EXPORTING
FORMAT = 'PDF'
MAX_LINEWIDTH = 132
IMPORTING
BIN_FILESIZE =
W_bin_filesize
TABLES otf = T_OTF
lines = T_pdf_tab
EXCEPTIONS
ERR_MAX_LINEWIDTH = 1
ERR_FORMAT = 2
ERR_CONV_NOT_POSSIBLE = 3
ERR_BAD_OTF = 4
OTHERS = 5.

•
To display File SAVE dialog windAt last, defining the Classes and methods as per
as requirements of the enduser.

In which table the material master data is stored?

MARA and MARC are the tables from where you can get the data for Material Master.

Which commands are used for interactive reports?

The following commands can be used in interactive reporting:

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 •
HIDE can be used in order to create an array of all hidden variables.
•
SY-LSIND = LIST INDEX,
•
SY-LILLI = LINE NO.
When will we go for call transaction and when we will go for a session in BDC?

•
Call Transaction can be used when the DATA is minimal.
•
Sessions can be used to handle mass DATA or Voluminous DATA.

When the get cursor command used in interactive lists?

When the hidden information is not sufficient to uniquely identify the selected line, then
the command GET CURSOR is used. The GET CURSOR command returns the name of the
field at the cursor position in a field specified after the additional field, and the value of
the selected field in a field specified after the value.

What is a method in ABAP?

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Methods describe the functions of classes in ABAP objects. We can call methods using
the call method statement.methods are introduced with the method statement &
concluded with the end method statement.methods can only be defined in the
implementation parts of classes.

How to copy table across clients?

Use Program RSCLTCOP

Which are the various Events in Application Server?

The various events in Application Server are:

• OPEN DATA SET • READ DATA SET

• CLOSE DATA SET.

What is the role of ‘Refresh’ in the Internal Table?

'Refresh' is the keyword that is used to clear the contents of a body in an internal table.

How to find output type?

Use table Table TNAPR / NAST in order to find the output type.

State the system field for the current date?

SY-DATUM

What is the keyword used to eliminate the leading zeros of a number field?

Use keyword 'NO-ZERO'.

Which are the various Events in Dialog Programs?

The various events in Dialog Programming are:

• PBO-Process Before Output

• PAI-Process AFter Input
• POH-Process on Help Request
• POV-Process on Value Request

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How to find the attributes of a data object or data type?

DESCRIBE FIELD [LENGTH ] [TYPE [COMPONENTS ]] [OUTPUT-

LENGTH ] [DECIMALS ] [EDIT MASK ].

How can we read selected lines of a database table into an internal table in packages of
predefined size?

SELECT * FROM INTO TABLE PACKAGE SIZE .

where 'n' is variable.

Name the DCARD characters which can be used for comparing with character strings &
WIL '%' numeric strings.
and '_'.

How can we determine the table to which a field belong to by knowing only field name?

Please follow the steps below:

• First, use t-code SE84

• Then navigate to R/3 Repository -> ABAP Dictionary -> Fields -> Table Fields
• Now insert the field name and execute...

• A list of table where the field is used is will be shown.

DATA DICTIONARY

What is a Data Class?

The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in
the database.

What is a Size Category?

The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.

How many types of size categories and data classes are there?

There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are
appropriate for application tables:

• APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).

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 • APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).
• APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is
configured and then rarely changed).
The other two types are:

• USR
• USR1 – Intended for customer's own developments.
What are control tables?

The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific
values via control tables.

What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?

The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any
changes made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these
changes between different SAP systems.

What is a table pool?

A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
The definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field
(VARDATA).

What are pooled tables?

These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined.
Pooled tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program
parameters).

What is a table cluster?

A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical
rows from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The
records from the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common
table in the database.

How can we access the correction and transport system?

Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4
Dictionary, you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and
transport system.

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Which objects are independent transport objects?

Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for
transparent tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects.

How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer?

Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the
database interface.

How is the conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & the external level?

Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog
manager DYNP.

How can we set the tablespaces and extent sizes?

You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the
database) in which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and
data class.

What is the function of the correction system?

The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objects
of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.

What are local objects?

Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.

What is a Development class?

Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development
class. This enables you to correct and transport-related objects as a unit.

In the ABAP/4 Dictionary Tables can be defined independent of the underlying database
(T/F).

True.

ABAP/4 Dictionary contains the Logical definition of the table.

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A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference
table and a reference field.
Explain.

As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other
table, which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as
reference field. The assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the
reference field is made at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the
currency of the amount.

A field containing quantity amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a reference
table and a reference field.
Explain?

As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or
any other table, which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type
UNIT). This field is called as reference field.
The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made
at runtime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.

What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the data
dictionary)?

By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables are created in the
database. The technical settings allows us to

• Optimize storage space requirements.

• Table access behavior.

• Buffering required.

• Changes to entries logged.

What is a Table attribute?

The table's attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which
types of access are allowed for the table.
The most important table attributes are:

• Delivery class.

• Table maintenance allowed.

• Activation type.

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What is the significance of Delivery Class?

• The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is
responsible for table maintenance.

• Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.

• Determines the table type.

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 Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it
is transported, and when a client copy is performed.

What is the max. no. Of structures that can be included in a table or structure.

Nine.

What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?

• Append Structures and

• Customizing Includes.

What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure?

• In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form
of a statement include….

• In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the
reference originates in the append structure.

To how many tables can an append structure be assigned.

One.

If a table that is to be extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structures
why?

Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a
table has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.

Can we include customizing include or an append structure with Pooled or Cluster

tables?

No.

What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?

• By specifying fixed values.

• By stipulating a value table.

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Structures can contain data only during the runtime of a
program (T/F) True.
What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?

• Views

Match
Code. •
Lock
Object.
The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or
more tables (T/F) True.
What is a Match Code?

Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes
are an efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.

What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?

• Match Code Object.

• Match Code Id.

What is the max no of match code Id's that can be defined for one Match code object?

A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.

Can we define our own Match Code ID's for SAP Matchcodes?

Yes, the number 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code Ids for a SAP
defined Matchcode object.

What is an Update type with reference to a Match code ID?

If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has
to be updated. The update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and
how it is to be done. The update type also specifies which method is to be used for
Building matchcodes. You must specify the update type when you define a matchcode
ID.

Can matchcode object contain Ids with different update types?

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Yes.

What are the update types possible?

The following update types are possible:

• Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database

changes.

• Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database

changes.

• Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program.

• Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view.

Update type L: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function

module.

What are the two different ways of building a match code object?

A match code can be built in two different ways:

• Logical structure: The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment

when the match code is accessed.
(Update type I, k).

• Physical Structure: The match code data is physically stored in a separate table
in the database. (Update type A, S, P).

What are the differences between a Database index and a match code?

• Match code can contain fields from several tables whereas an index can contain
fields from only one table.

• Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster
tables.

What is the function of a Domain?

• A domain describes the technical settings of a table field.

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 • A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the
fields, which refers to this domain.

• A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical
in structure.

Can you delete a domain, which is being used by data elements?

No.

What are conversion routines?

• Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-
versa are implemented with so-called conversion routines.

What is the function of a data element1?

A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A data
element contains semantic information.

Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed?

Yes. We can do so by just overwriting the entry in the field domain.

Can you delete data element, which is being used by table fields.

No.

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Can you define a field without a data element?

Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can
enter data type and field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance.

What is a view?

A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data
from a view is not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more
tables.

How many types of Views are there?

• Database View
• Help View
• Projection View
• Maintenance View

What is Locking?

When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is
synchronized by a lock mechanism.

What is database utility?

Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the
SAP system.

What are the basic functions of Database utility?

The basic functions of database utility are:

• Create database objects.

• Delete database objects.

• Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition.

What is Repository Info. Systems?

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It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available.

REPORT GENERATION – FORMATTING

The alignment of a type 'c' field in a report is left Aligned.

In the statement Write:/15(10) Ofal-lifnr. what do the numbers 15 and 10 stand for15
stand for the offset on the screen and 10 stand for the field length displayed?

Specify the default alignment for the following field types:

'D' – Left, 'F'-Right, 'N'-Left, 'I'-Right, 'T'-Left.

If s_time has the value '123456' how would you get an output of 12:34:56 with a single
'Write:' statement.

Write:s_time using edit mask'--:--:--'.

In order to suppress the leading zeroes of a number field the keywords used are NO-
ZERO.

The total no of date formats that can be used to display a date during output is
MM/DD/YY, DD/MM/YY, DD/MM/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MMDDYY, DDMMYY, YYMMDD.

The UNDER Command allows for vertical alignment of fields one below the other.

In order to concatenate strings only for output purposes the command NO-GAP can be
used in conjunction with the 'Write' statement.

The no of decimal places for output can be defines within a write statement. (T/F).

TRUE. Write:/<f> decimals 2.

Data can be moved from one field to another using a 'Write:' Statement and stored in the
desired format. (T/F).

TRUE. Write: Date_1 to Date_2 format DD/MM/YY.

In the statement Write:/15(10) lfa1-lifnr. The values 15 and 11 can also be defined by
variables (T/F).

False.

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Differentiate between the following two statements if any.
ULINE.
Write: sy-uline.
No-difference. Except that uline is used outside the 'Write' Statement.

In order to skip a single line the number of lines need not be given as an
assignment (T/F) TRUE.
The "SKIP TO LINE line number" is dependent on the LINE-COUNT statement included in
the report statement of the program.

In order to skip columns the command used is POSITION <n>.

In order to have boldfaced text as output the command used is Write:<f>INTENSIFIED.

Background and foreground colors can be interchanged using the command Format
Inverse.

In order to restore the system defaults for all changes made with the format statement is
Format Reset.

Like ULINE the statement VLINE is used to insert vertical lines. (T/F).

False.

Suppressing the number signs (+/-) is carried out using the addition NO-SIGNS to the
Write statement. (T/F).

False.

If SY-UZEIT has the value 6:34:45 it can be displayed as 063445 using No Edit Mask.

If the variable "Text" has the value 'ABCDEF' the output for the statement
"Write:/Text+2(3)" will be "CDE"

The fields specified by select-options and parameters statement cannot be grouped

together in the selection screen. (T/F).

False.

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When calling an external report the parameters or select-options specified in the
external report cannot be called. (T/F)

FALSE.

Selection Texts in the text elements of the program helps in changing the displayed
names of variables in the parameters statement.

Type F datatype cannot be used to define parameters.

Rounding off of values can be carried out using the write statement. (T/F).

TRUE

How would you define the exponents for a type 'f' field?

Exponent <e>.

How would you format the output as left, centered or right-justified using the write
statement.

Left-justified, Centered, Right-justified.

If the same formatting options were used for a WRITE statement that follows the
FORMAT statement, which settings would take precedence.

The settings in the Write Statement.

For each new event, the system resets all formatting options to their
default values (T/F) TRUE.
All formatting options have the default value OFF. (T/F).

TRUE.

How would you set the formatting options statically and dynamically within a report?
Statically: FORMAT
<option1>[ON|OFF]….</option1>
Dynamically: FORMAT <option1> = <var1> <option2>=<var2>….

The page footer is defined using the statement END-OF-PAGE.

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The processing block following END-OF-PAGE is processed only if you reserve lines
for the footer in the LINECOUNT option of the REPORT statement. (T/F) TRUE.
To execute a page break under the condition that less than a certain number of lines is
left on a page is achieved by RESERVE n lines.

The RESERVE statement only takes effect if output is written to the subsequent page. No
blank pages are created and it defines a block of lines that must be output as a whole.
(T/F).

TRUE.

To set the next output line to the first line of a block of lines defined with the RESERVE
statement the statement BACK is used.

What is the limit for the length of a page if the page length is not specified in the report
statement.

60,000 lines.

How would you start the printing process from within the program while creating a list?

NEW-PAGE PRINT ON.

You can change the width of pages within list levels triggered by page breaks. (T/F).

FALSE.

Hotspots are special areas of an output list used to trigger events. (T/F).

TRUE.

To designate fields as hotspots at runtime, use FORMAT HOTSPOT = <h>.

Horizontal lines created with ULINE and blank lines created with SKIP can be formatted
as hotspots. (T/F).

FALSE.

How would you suppress the display of a parameter on the selection screen?

Parameters <p> ………..No-Display.

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Can you assign a matchcode object to a parameter? If so how?

Yes. PARAMETERS <p>……..MATCHCODE OBJECT <obj>……..

For each SELECT-OPTIONS statement, the system creates a

selection table. (T/F) TRUE.
To position a set of parameters or comments on a single line on the selection screen, you
must declare the elements in a block enclosed by

SELECTION-SCREEN
BEGIN OF LINE.
……..
SELECTION-SCREEN
END OF LINE.

How can Symbols or R/3 icons be output on the screen?

WRITE <symbol-
name> AS SYMBOL.
WRITE <icon-
name> AS ICON.

In the standard setting, you cannot create empty lines with the WRITE statement alone.
(T/F).

TRUE.

REPORTING – GENERAL

The system field, which indicates success or failure of a SQL operation, is SY-SUBRC.
What is the syntax for specifying database table name at runtime in SELECT statement.

NAME = 'SPFL1'.
NAME).
SELECT *
……………….FROM
……………….(

ENDSELECT.

How do you read selected lines of database table into an internal table in packages of
predefined size.

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SELECT * FROM <SPFLI>INTO TABLE
<ITAB>PACKAGE SIZE<N>
Where n is
variable.

Name the WILDCARD characters which are used for comparisons with character strings
& numeric strings. '%'
and '-'.

In SELECT statements can you specify a variable in WHERE condition or a part of the
condition, if so what is the syntax.

SELECT * FROM <table>WHERE

<var1><condition><var or const>

Name the ABAP/4 key words, which are used to change the contents of database table.

UPDATE or MODIFY.

How to specify a client for database table processing.

TABLES SPFLI.
SELECT * FROM SPFLI CLIENT SPECIFIED WHERE MANDT BETWEEN '001' AND '003'.

……..
ENDSELECT.

How do you write a DATA object from ABAP/4 program to ABAP/4 memory and restore
the same from memory to program.

EXPORT <f1> [FROM <g1>] <f2> [FROM <g2>] ...

TO MEMORY ID <key>.
The ID <key>, which can be up to 32 characters long, identifies the
data in memory.

What are DATA CLUSTERS?

You can group any complex internal data objects of an ABAP/4 program together in data
clusters and store them temporarily in ABAP/4 memory or for longer periods in
databases. You can store data clusters in special databases of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
These databases are known as ABAP/4 cluster databases and have a predefined
structure. Storing a data cluster is specific to ABAP/4. Although you can also access

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cluster databases using SQL statements, only ABAP/4 statements are able to decode the
structure of the stored data cluster.

Statements used to delete data objects in ABAP/4 memory FREE MEMORY [ID <key>].

How will you create a file on application server.

Open dataset <dsn> for output.

ABAP/4 statement for opening a file on application server for reading Open dataset
<dsn> for input.

How will you transfer data into a file in application server?</dsn>

Data fname(60) value

'mYFILE'. Data num type i.
Open dataset fname for output.
Do 10 times.
Num = Num +1.
Transfer num to fname.

Enddo.
…….etc.

Name the function modules to write data from an Internal Table to the Presentation
Server.

DOWNLOAD and WS_DOWNLOAD.

Name the function module that can be used to give information about files on
Presentation Server and about its Operating System.

WS_QUERY.

Name the ABAP/4 key word, which is used to clear the Headerline of an
Internal Table. CLEAR
<itab> .

Name the function modules to read data from Presentation Server into an Internal Table.

UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD.

Name the ABAP/4 keywords to initialize an Internal Table with and without headerline.

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REFRESH <itab>.

How to determine the attributes of an internal table?

DESCRIBE TABLE <itab>[LINES <lin>] [OCCURS <occ>].

Name the ABAP/4 key word for searching a string in an Internal Table.

SEARCH <itab> FOR <str> <options>.

The different options ( <options>) for the search in an internal table
are: ABBREVIATED

Searches table<itab>for a word containing the character string specified in <str>,

where other characters might separate the characters. The first letter of the word and
the string <str> must be the same.
STARTING AT <lin1>
Searches table<itab> for <str>, starting at line <line1>. <lin1> can be a variable.
ENDING AT<n2>
Searches table <itab>for <str>upto line <lin2>. <lin2>can be a variable.
AND MARK
If the search string is found, all the characters in the search string (and all the
characters in between
when using ABBREVIATED) are converted to upper case.
What are the different attributes that can be assigned to a variant?

The different attributes that can be assigned to a variant are….

Description

Enter a short, meaningful description of the variant. This may be upto

30 characters long. Background only
Specify whether you want to use the variant in background processing only, or in online
environment as well.

Protected variant.

Mark the field if you want to protect your variant against being changed by other users.

Do not display variant.

Mark this field if you want the variant name to be displayed in the catalog only, but not
in the F4 value list.

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For the selections you cover in a variant, you can enter the
following attributes: Type
The system displays whether the field is a parameter or a select option.

Protected

Mark this field for each field on the selection screen you want to protect from being
overwritten. Values that you mark this way are displayed to the users, but they cannot
change them, that are they are not ready to accept input.

Invisible

If you mark this column, the system will not display the corresponding field on the
selection screen the user sees when starting the report program.

Variable

Mark this column if you want to set the value for this field at runtime.

Data types can be elementary or structured (T/F).

TRUE.

The amount of memory associated with a data type is ZERO.

Data objects are the physical units a program uses at runtime. (T/F).

TRUE.

The data object does not occupy any space in

memory. (T/F) FALSE.
What are the three hierarchical levels of data types and objects?

Program-independent data, defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.

Internal data used globally in one program.

Data used locally in a procedure (subroutine,

function module) How would you find the
attributes of a data type or data object?

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DESCRIBE FIELD <f> [LENGTH <l>] [TYPE
<t> [COMPONENTS <n>]] [OUTPUT-LENGTH
<o>] [DECIMALS <d>]
[EDIT MASK <m>].

CONTROLS <ctrl> TYPE TABLEVIEW USING

SCREEN <scr>
.

Differentiate between static and dynamic step loops.

Step loops fall into two classes: Static and Dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size
that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user
re-sizes the window the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step
loop blocks displayed. In any given screen you can define any number of static step
loops but only a single dynamic one.

What are the two ways of producing a list within a transaction?

By submitting a separate report.

By using leave to list-processing.

What is the use of the statement Leave to List-processing?

Leave to List-processing statement is used to produce a list from a module pool. Leave to
list processing statement allows to switch from dialog-mode to list-mode within a dialog
program.

When will the current screen processing terminates?

A current screen processing terminates when control reaches either a Leave-screen or

the end of PAI.

How the transaction that are programmed by the user can be protected?

By implementing an authority check.

What are the modes in which any update tasks work?

Synchronous and Asynchronous.

What is the difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous updates?

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A program asks the system to perform a certain task, and then either waits or doesn't
wait for the task to finish. In synchronous processing, the program waits: control
returns to the program only when the task has been completed. In asynchronous
processing, the program does not wait: the system returns control after merely logging
the request for execution.

SAP system configuration incluedes Dialog tasks and Update tasks.

Dialog-task updates are Synchronous updates.

Update –task updates are Asynchronous updates.

What is the difference between Commit-work and Rollback-Work tasks?

Commit-Work statement "performs" many functions relevant to synchronized execution

of tasks. Rollback-work statement "cancels: all reuests relevant to synchronized
execution of tasks.

What are the different database integrities?

• Semantic Integrity.

• Relational Integrity.
• Primary Key Integrity.

• Value Set Integrity.

• Foreign Key integrity and

• Operational integrity.

All SAP Databases are Relational Databases.

What is SAP locking?

It is a mechanism for defining and applying logical locks to database objects.

What does a lock object involve?

The tables.
The lock argument.

What are the different kinds of lock modes?

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Shared lock
Exclusive lock.
Extended exclusive list.

How can a lock object be called in the transaction?

By calling Enqueuelocklock objectlock and Dequeuelocklock objectlock in the

transaction.

What are the events by which we can program "help texts" and display "possible value
lists"?

-PROCESS ON HELP-REQUEST (POH).

-PROCESS ON VALUE-REQUEST (POV).

What is a matchcode?

A matchcode is an aid to finding records stored in the system whenever an object key is
required in an input field but the user only knows other (non-key) information about
the object.

In what ways we can get the context-sensitive F1 help on a field?

• Data element documentation.

• Data element additional text in screen painter.

• Using the process on help request event.

Does the external program run in the same SAP LUW as the caller, or in a separate one?

• Transactions run with a separate SAP LUW

• Reports run with a separate SAP LUW.

• Dialog modules run in the same SAP LUW as the caller

• Function modules run in the same SAP LUW as the caller.

The only exceptions to the above rules are function modules called with IN UPDATE
TASK (V2 function only) or IN BACKGROUND TASK (ALE applications). These always
run in their own (separate) update transactions.

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How to send a report to the printer instead of displaying it on the screen?

We can send a report to the printer instead of diplaying it on the screen. To do this, use
the keywords TO SAP-SPOOL:
SUBMIT RSFLFIND…TO SAP-SPOOL DESTINATION 'LT50'.

How can we send data to external programs?

Using SPA/GPA parameters(SAP memory).

Using EXPORT/IMPORT data (ABAP/4 memory)

What are SPA/GPA parameters (SAP memory)

SPA/GPA parameters are field values saved globally in memory. There are two ways to
use SPA/GPA parmeters:
By setting field attributes in the Screen Painter.
By using the SET PARAMETER or GET PARAMETER statements.

BDC

What is full form of BDC Session?

Batch Data Communication Session.

What are the steps in a BDC session?

The first step in a BDC session is to identify the screens of the transaction that the
program will process. Next step is to write a program to build the BDC table that will be
used to submit the data to SAP. The final step is to submit the BDC table to the system in
the batch mode or as a single transaction by the CALL TRANSACTION command.

How do you find the information on the current screen?

The information on the current screen can be found by SYSTEM 􀃆 STATUS command
from any menu.

How do you save data in BDC tables?

The data in BDC tables is saved by using the field name 'BDC_OKCODE' and field value of
'/11'.

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What is the last entry in all BDC tables?

In all BDC tables the last entry is to save the data by using the field name BDC_OKCODE
and a field value of '/11'.

What is a multiple line field?

A multiple line field is a special kind of field which allows the user to enter multiple lines
of data into it.

How do you populate data into a multiple line field?

To populate data into a multiple line field, an index is added to the field name to indicate
which line is to be populated by the BDC session (Line index).

Write the BDC table structure.

BDC table
structure
FIELD TYPE DESCRIPTION
Program CHAR (8) Program name of
transaction.
DynPro CHAR (4) Screen number of
transaction.
DynBegin CHAR (1) Indicator for
new screen.
Fnam CHAR (35) Name of om screen.
database field fr Fval CHAR
(80) Value to submit to field.

Does the CALL TRANSACTION method allow multiple transactions to be processed by

SAP?

No. The CALL TRANSACTION method allows only a single transaction to be processed by
SAP.

Does the BDC-INSERT function allow multiple transactions to be processed by SAP?

Yes.

What is the syntax for 'CALL TRANSACTION'?

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CALL TRANSACTION trans [ using bdctab MODE mode ].
Three possible entries are there for MODE.

•
A - Show all screens.
•
E - Show only screens with errors.
•
N - Show no screens.
In BDC, list down all the functional modules which are used in sequence?

By using BDC programming, there are 3 functional modules which are used in sequence
for performing data transfer successfully. These are listed below:

•
BDC_OPEN_GROUP
•
BDC_INSERT
•
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP

List all the different the components of SAPscript?

The various components of the SAPScripts are as follows:

•
ABAP Print program
•
Layout set
•
Symbols
•
SAPscript Text,
•
Function modules such as open_form, close_From, Read_text etc.

What is Badi?

Business Add-In or BADI is referred to as a new SAP Object Oriented enhancement

technique which is utilized for adding our own business functionality to the already pre-
existing SAP standard functionality. BADI can also be inserted into the SAP System
meant for accommodating the user requirements and these are very precise to be
included in the standard delivery.

How would you describe the internal tables?

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Internal tables are meant for serving the purpose of pulling the data from a fixed
structure and preserving it in the working memory in ABAP. The data is preserved line
by line in memory, and each line encompasses similar structure, and these data objects
are all dynamic.

What is a Data Class?

Data classes have been categorized into the following classes:

•
System Data: The data is utilized by R/3 system itself
•
Master Data: The data here class seldom changes
•
Organization Data: The data here is customized and is entered into the system
once the system is configured, and is very rarely altered.
•
Transaction Data: The data can be changed frequently in this class How can we
format the data prior to the write statement in the report?
The user can format the report output by using the loop event.

•
.at first
•
.at new
•
.at last
Can the user create an ABAP program without using Y or Z?

All non Y or Z programs are standard SAP programs, therefore the user cannot create an
ABAP program without using Y or Z.

What is a foreign key relationship?

A foreign key relationship can be referred to a relationship that can be defined between
tables and should be clearly defined at field level. Foreign keys are utilized for ensuring
consistency of data. The Data entered must be verified against existing data in order to
clear out any contradiction. It must be ensured that while defining foreign key
relationship cardinality should be very clearly specified.

Note: Cardinality lists the number of dependent records or how referenced records are
achievable.

What are various types of ABAP report in SAP?

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There are 7 types ABAP report in SAP are present in reports attributes screen. These are
all listed below:

• Executable program.

• Interface pool.
• Function groups.
• Include.
• Class pool.
• Module pool.
• Subroutine pool.

List the various steps involved for adding value help for the parameter in ABAP CDS
Analytical Query?

• First, create an ABAP CDS view for dictionary based on any dummy table

• Then create an ABAP CDS cube with required logic

• Now Creating an ABAP CDS analytical query with the required logic

• At last result query in Analysis for Excel. Value help button exist

What is Predictive Search Helps?

An ABAP search provides type-ahead functionality primarily for the elementary search
helps and are known as Predictive Search Helps.

How can the user add subtotal text in ABAP ALV Grid?

Listed below are the steps for adding the subtotal in the ABAP ALV grid:

• By Creating an ABAP Program in SE38 transaction.

• Create and ALV report by using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.

• Populate the SUBTOTAL_EVENT in IT_EVENTS parameter in the

REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.

List the benefits of using ABAP in eclipse over ABAP in SAP GUI?

There are various advantages of utilizing ABAP in IDE eclipse over ABAP editor:

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 • The user can create CDS views and AMDP's which ultimately push down the code
to database level and help in speedy access to records.
• All the CDS views created in IDE are available in SE11 and user can utilize them
in your programs in SE38.

• User can make modifications in their program while debugging and activating
your program while in debug mode and user can then proceed with debug along
with the new changes.
• User can create multiple projects and create your stuff inside it.

• In WEB IDE, the User has the advantage of using advanced SQL.

Distinguish between READ TABLE <ITAB> WITH KEY and READ TABLE <ITAB> WITH
TABLE KEY in SAP ABAP? READ TABLE <ITAB> WITH KEY
For all table types, the search is linear. The runtime is in linear relation to the number of
table lines.

READ TABLE <ITAB> WITH TABLE KEY

Listed below are the system searches for the relevant table types:

INTERNAL tables -- Standard tables: It is a linear search, where the runtime is in linear
relation with the number of table entries.

• Sorted tables: it is binary search where the runtime is in logarithmic relation to

the number of table entries.
• Hashed tables: By using the hash algorithm of the internal table, the entry is
found. The runtime is completely independent of the number of table entries.

Define field symbols in ABAP?

Field symbol points (known as pointers in C language) to something. That could be a

table, a field or simply nothing. By nothing, I am referring to that structure of a field
symbol which can be dynamically determined. A field symbol can be utilized in any
operand position in this is visible and also matches the typing defined utilizing typing.

How many ABAP report types in SAP are available in reports attributes screen?

There are 7 ABAP report types available in SAP in the reports attributes screen.

• Class pool

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 • Function group (containing function modules)

• Executable program.

• Interface pool
• Include Interface pool
• Module pool
• Subroutine pool

What is an ABAP/4 Query in SAP?

ABAP/4 Query is a very strong tool which is used for generating simple reports without
any coding. The following 3 simple reports can be generated:

• Basic List: This is the simple reports.

• Statistics: entails reports with statistical functions such as percentages, Averages.

• Ranked Lists: For analytical reports.

How can the user create ABAP/4 Query in SAP?

For creating an ABAP/4 Query, the programmer should create a user and a functional
group. The functional group can be created by using with or without logical database
table. Finally, assigning the user group to functional group. Finally, creating a query on
the functional group generated.

What is the difference between se16 and table maintenance generator?

SE16 is a data browser and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot
change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the
structure level display using the SE16.

Table Maintenance Generator (TMG) is a tool which is created using t-code SM30. TMG
is used to create a equipment by which customized tables created by end users can be
changed as required, such as making an entry to that table, deleting an entry etc.

How should the user tick an option in Standard Tcode like LB10 along with 'Partially
Delivered'?

In case there is no additional condition meant for checking the 'Partially Delivery'
checkbox, the user can then select the 'Partially Delivery' checkbox by using Transaction
variant in SHD0 transaction.

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Once the transaction variant has been created, then activating the variant and checking
the LB10 transaction.

How can the user SUBMIT PROGRAM with Selection Screen For a SLIN T-code?

User can utilize the FM EXTENDED_PROGRAM_CHECK instead of SUBMIT REPORT. This

will provide you similar results.

• swo1 T CODEBAPIs are defined in the BOR(Business object repository) as

methods of SAP business object types that carry out specific business
functions.They are implemented as RFC-enabled function modules and are
created in the Function Builder of the ABAP Workbench. BAPIs for Reading Data –
GetList() , GetDetail() , GetStatus() , ExistenceCheck()
• BAPIs for Creating or Changing Data- Create() ,Change(),Delete() and Undelete() ,
• BAPIs for Mass Processing -ChangeMultiple(), CreateMultiple(), DeleteMultiple(

I am required to update equipment status as inactive & delete. So I am using function

module
STATUS_CHANGE_INTERN_VB & this is working fine, however, it doesn’t have exceptions
for handling the error messages & even sy-subrc getting 0 if it fails u request you to
please suggest me how to handle this scenario? Is there any BAPI to update status in
IE02?
This FM is an ‘update task’ FM, generally Open-SQL statements, not much check, so no to
be called in customer development.

The best solution would be a BAPI (this is easy to find with any search tool) and when
none is available or without required parameter some ‘dialog’ FM like
STATUS_CHANGE_INTERN/EXTERN after analyzing the application behaviour and if
BDC is also no longer suitable.

In ABAP can the user write select * in the loop?

This is not recommended, as it will cause a major performance issue. It will run the
query every time it loops and you are using “Select * …” which means you are fetching all
fields of that table, assuming if tables have millions of entries then in every iteration,
your select query will go around millions of records in the table. Therefore, it could lead
to serious performance issues.

Instead of this, it is advised that you use 'For all entries…' the statement, it will fulfil your
requirement.

What is the difference between a singleton and a static class ABAP?

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A singleton is a design pattern where the class is required to create objects. The class
ensures that only one object exists for every internal session which is available to
consumers. Therefore, when you create a singleton class it does not allow you to create
multiple instances of the class, instead, a single instance will be created which behaves
as a global access point to reference that class throughout the lifetime of the application
component.

A class which only contains static components and no instance components is known as
a static class. The user can directly access the components using the “=>” operator. A
global static class is loaded once with its class pool into the current internal session.
Like every ABAP program, it cannot be clearly deleted from the session. In subclasses,
the static methods (declared using CLASS-METHODS) of a class cannot be redefined.

What are the two methods to declare input field as mandatory?

Two ways:

1.parameter: abc type xyz obligatory.

2.check:
if abc is initial. message
'field abc is mandatory' type
'E'. endif.

I have 100 records in a table, how can I simultaneously Delete the 5th, 10th, 15th,
20th......records, write a code
for it

loop at lt_tab into lw_tab.

lv_var = 0.
lv_var = lv_var + 1.
lv_var1 = lv_var mod
5.
if lv_var1 =
0. "do
nothing
else.
append lw_tab to lt_tab1.
endif.

clear: l v_var1,
endloop.lw_tab.

What is the use "Condense" keyword in ABAP?

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Using condense keyword in string all consecutive blank spaces are converted into a
single space.

1-What is DDIC
DDIC is the central storage area, which allows users to maintain the repository objects
related to the particular database and contains the central description of all the data
used in the SAP system
2-What is domain
Domain is a central object for describeing the technical characterstic of the attributes of
a business objects.it describes the VALUE Range of a field
The relationship between the field or component and the domain is defined by the data
element of the field or component
4-What is table components

Its represente to DB . where data are present ,store data physically,have a pkey,
technical attributes. Attributes-Methods-Events-Types and constants

5-Technical attributes of a table-Table category-Data class-Size category-

Logging-Table buffering-Storage type-Activation type 6-Lock objects and types
Types- it is define globally and any changes in types its referlected to all program that
make same types
Lock Object – offered by abap dicitionary acess to same data by more than one program
7-Data elements - describe the individual fields in the ABAP Data Dictionary. They are
the smallest indivisible units of the complex types, and they are used to define the
type of table field, structure component or row type of a table. SE11-CREATE-
8-Data type-this is the operating system allocates memory and decides what can be
stored in the reserved memory.
9-What is structure
is a data object that is made up of components of any data type stored one after the
other in the memory. may have only a single record at runtime, but a table can have
many records. SE11- Click ‘Data type’ option screen Enter nameCreate- option
'Structure' screen Enter.see 'Maintain / Change Structure'- ShortDescription- (Data
Element)

10-What is TMG and its events.

SM30 is a tool used to customize the tables created by end users and can be changed as
required, such as making an entry to that table, deleting an entry etc. Before saving the

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data in the database. After saving the data in the database. Before deleting the data
displayed.After deleting the data displayed.Creating a new entry. Exit editing

11-Types of reports and events.

**what is selections screen statements

Used to allow the user to control the database selections of the report.Allows
interactive.Assignment of values to variables With the PARAMETERS
statement.Determine selection criteria for database fields.Single values, range of values,
sets of values, ...With the SELECT-OPTIONS statement. PARAMETERS for single fields.
SELECT-OPTIONS for complex selections. SELECTION-SCREEN for formatting the
selection screen and defining user-specific selection screens.

An event is a set of outcomes that are defined in a class to trigger the event handlers in
other classes. When an event is triggered, we can call any number of event handler
methods. The link between a trigger and its handler method is actually decided
dynamically at run-time.
INITIALIZATON-Triggered before displaying the selection screen.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN-Triggered after processing of the user input on the selection
screen. This event verifies the user input prior to the execution of a program. After
processing the user input, the selection screen remains in the active mode.
START-OF-SELECTION-Triggered only after the processing of the selection screen is over;
that is, when the user clicks the Execute icon on the selection screen.
END-OF-SELECTION-Triggered after the last statement in the START-OF-SELECTON
event is executed.
TOP-OF-PAGE-Triggered by the first WRITE statement to display the data on a new page
END-OF-PAGE-Triggered to display the text at the end of a page in a report. Note, that
this event is the last event while creating a report, and should be combined with the
LINE-COUNT clause of the REPORT statement
12-T code for report -SE38
13-What is function module sub-programs that contain a
set of reusable statements with importing and exporting
parameter
SE38- create a new prog-put parameter vlue-pass to function module-ctrl f6-call
function-enter ‘spell_amunt’- enhance the IF statement to include a code to WRITE-f-
module return value of sy-subrc add else stmnt- call the result-f-module return
in_words-like srmnt refer structure spell-save-active-execute
14-T code for function module (se37)
15-What is function group how we can create it.
Enter T.Code se37
Step 2 : Click the Goto menu-there will be function groups
word.click it..There will be create,display,change... step 3 :

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When u need to create a function group,plz click the create
step 4 : Plz give the name and short description and save it
in repective package
16-What is foreign relations key
define relationships between tables in the ABAP Dictionary, create value checks for
input fields and link several tables in a view or a lock object. The pair of fields for the two
tables must have the same data type and length
17-What is primary key
The primary table key of a standard table can also be empty, meaning that it does not
contain any key fields.Each internal table has a primary table key that enables access to
individual rows in the table by means of a key specification.
18-What is index and types
Indexes are used to avoid the duplicate data and improve the performance while
accessing the table. The different types of indexes are Primary Indexes: Primary
indexes in SAP are created automatically by the SAP system using key fields of database
tables.
Secondary Indexes: Secondary Indexes are created manually and managed by the SAP
ABAP consultant. We can create up to 9 secondary indexes. In real time, secondary
indexes are not advisable, it is allowed based on the requirements of project. SAP Menu
> Tools > ABAP Workbench > Development > SE11 – ABAP Dictionary
19-What is smartforms and t code(SMARTFORMS)
Smartforms is used to create and manage form for mass printing of the sap systems.as
output medium sap smart forms support a printer fax email,internet (usinging xml
output).
20-How we can call a
smartform in se38 21-
How we can debug a
smartform
set a break point in side the smartform-BREAK <USERNAME>.-Then at the time of
print/ preview the program stops there. SFTRACE can be used for debugging
SMARTFORMS
22-Where we can write code in smartform
you need to have that table in the global declaration for the smartform.... The tables you
declares in smartforms you can use loop & use the data of table.For reading line item of
table you need to use loop.Right click on window & select Create then Flow logic &
Loop.in this loop provide you internal table name & work area.For writing code in
smartform follow this:Right click on window & select Create then Flow logic & Program
lin

23-What is subroutine(SE80) -reusable sections code.use make program shorter as well

as easier to read & understand bcz thy break program code into smaller
secrtions.FROM<SUBROUTINE_NAME> <STATEMENTS> END FORM.

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24-How we can create a t-code (se93)

SE93-(NAME)Create-short description-Program and Selection Screen- Enter- Program-

Package-SAVE
25-What is package and TR
A transport request collects development objects and categories for export to your local
computer or to an SAP transport system.
26-What is BDC and types (tell only theory to interviewer)
BATCH CODE COMMUNICATION IT S AN AUTOMATIC PROCEDURE TO TRASFER
LARGE&EXTERNAL DATA INTO SAP SYSTEM
TYPES- BDC_OPEN_GROUP-PARAMETER(USER NM,ID)
BDC_INSERT- INPUT A SINGLE DATA FOR SESSION
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP-CLOSE THE SESSION
27-What is an enhancement in SAP ABAP?
Enhancements are transport objects in their own right that can be stored in packages of
their own unlike modifications, which are part of the object they modify. Since during an
upgrade all SAP objects are replaced by the new version of these objects, after the
upgrade all modifications are gone.
Why do we need enhancement in SAP ABAP?
The enhancement concept allows you to add your own functionality to SAP's standard
business applications without having to modify the original applications.
28-What is an IDoc in SAP ABAP?
29-Append & Include.
30-Why do we use types statement in ABAP programming?
In ABAP programming we define own data types using the statement. TYPE: allows you
to construct new data types. The new data types are linked to the database objects and
can be referenced them using LIKE.
31-which functional modules is use to display output in alv format
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY is function module which is used to display the output in
grid format.The input for this function module are two internal tables ie one internal
table for data and another for internal table for about the fields.

32-what is selections screen statements

Used to allow the user to control the database selections of the report.Allows
interactive.Assignment of values to variables With the PARAMETERS
statement.Determine selection criteria for database fields.Single values, range of values,
sets of values, ...With the SELECT-OPTIONS statement. PARAMETERS for single fields.
SELECT-OPTIONS for complex selections. SELECTION-SCREEN for formatting the
selection screen and defining user-specific selection screens.

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An event is a set of outcomes that are defined in a class to trigger the event handlers in
other classes. When an event is triggered, we can call any number of event handler
methods. The link between a trigger and its handler method is actually decided
dynamically at run-time.

INITIALIZATON-Triggered before displaying the selection screen.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN-Triggered after processing of the user input on the selection
screen. This event verifies the user input prior to the execution of a program. After
processing the user input, the selection screen remains in the active mode.
START-OF-SELECTION-Triggered only after the processing of the selection screen is over;
that is, when the user clicks the Execute icon on the selection screen.
END-OF-SELECTION-Triggered after the last statement in the START-OF-SELECTON
event is executed.
TOP-OF-PAGE-Triggered by the first WRITE statement to display the data on a new page
END-OF-PAGE-Triggered to display the text at the end of a page in a report. Note, that
this event is the last event while creating a report, and should be combined with the
LINE-COUNT clause of the REPORT statement.
Meassage- SE91 Abend
Warning
Error
Information
Success

The MESSAGE command displays messages defined by a message ID specified in the

REPORT statement at the beginning of the program

E-ERROR-The message appears and the application halts at its current point. If the
program is running in background mode, the job is canceled and the message is recorded
in the job log.

W-WARNING- The message appears and the user must press Enter for the application to
continue. In background mode, the message is recorded in the job log.

Information A pop-up window opens with the message text and the user must press
Enter to continue. In background mode, the message is recorded in the job log.
Abend -This message class cancels the transaction that the user is currently using
S- Success -This provides an informational message at the bottom of the screen. The
information displayed is positive in nature and it is just meant for user feedback. The
message does not impede the program in any way. X-Abort-This message aborts the
program and generates an ABAP short dump.

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SE38- create a new prog-put parameter vlue-pass to function module-ctrl f6-call
function-enter ‘spell_amunt’- enhance the IF statement to include a code to WRITE-f-
module return value of sy-subrc add else stmnt- call the result-f-module return
in_words-like srmnt refer structure spell-save-active-execute
Go to transaction SE38 and create a new program called Z_SPELLAMOUNT.
Step 2 − Enter some code so that a parameter can be set up where a value could be
entered and passed on to the function module. The text element text-001 here reads
‘Enter a Value’.
Step 3 − To write the code for this, use CTRL+F6. After this, a window appears where
‘CALL FUNCTION’ is the first option in a list. Enter 'spell_amount' in the text box and
click the continue button.
Some code is generated automatically. But we need to enhance the IF statement to
include a code to WRITE a message to the screen to say "The function module returned a
value of: sy-subrc” and add the ELSE statement so as to write the correct result out
when the function module is successful. Here, a new variable must be set up to hold the
value returned from the function module. Let's call this as 'result'.
Following is the code −
Step 5 − The variable which the function module returns is called IN_WORDS. Set up the
corresponding variable in the program called ‘result’. Define IN_WORDS by using the
LIKE statement to refer to a structure called SPELL.
Step 6 − Save, activate and execute the program. Enter a value as shown in the following
screenshot and press F8.

Polymorphism-Poly means more and morph means form. A single function can have
more than one form inside the class is called polymorphism Data Abstraction-Without
knowing the background details, we can act over the data is called data abstraction.
Encapsulation-Encapsulating data member and member functions into a single unit.

inheritance-Adding some additional features to an existing class without modifying it is

called inheritance. This is possible by deriving a new class from the existing class. The
existing class is called base class. And the class which derives from the base class is
called child class. The child class will have properties of both base as well as child class.
5 types of inheritance such as Single or Simple-Multilevel-Hierarchical-Multiple-
Hybrid

Static binding-Binding is nothing but the association of a name with the class. Static
binding is a binding in which name can be associated with the class during compilation
time, and it is also called as early Binding.

Dynamic binding is a binding in which name can be associated with the class during
execution time, and it is also called as Late Binding Between Abstract Class And
Interface-abstract class is a class which contains at least one abstract method( Method
without implementation), Abstract class contains methods with implementation and
without implementation and we cannot create instance for the abstract class .Abstract
class is mainly for inheritance .Interface contains methods without implementation.

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Constructor & Destructor- It’s a member procedure of the class get execute automatically
when object allocates memory. It the same name of the class which may or may not take
parameters but does not return value.

It’s a member procedure of the class get execute automatically when object de-allocates
memory. It the same name of the class preceded by ~(tilled) symbol which neither take
parameters nor return value.

Object-Object is the real world entity.the instance of the class using which we can access
public member of the class.

constructor-three types – Default Constructor – With no parameters.– Parametric

Constructor – With Parameters. Create a new instance of a class and also passing
arguments simultaneously.– Copy Constructor-– Which creates a new object as a copy of
an existing object

Inline function & friend function- An inline function is a technique used by the
compilers and instructs to insert complete body of the function wherever that function
is used in the program source code. A friend function is a friend of a class that is allowed
to access to Public, private or protected data in that same class. If the function is defined
outside the class cannot access such information.

copy constructor-This is a special constructor for creating a new object as a copy of an

existing object. There will always be only one copy constructor that can be either
defined by the user or the system

structure and a class-Structure default access type is public , but class access type is
private. A structure is used for grouping data whereas class can be used for grouping
data and methods. Structures are exclusively used for data, and it doesn’t require strict
validation , but classes are used to encapsulates and inherit data which requires strict
validation.

Function overloading-Declaring same function more than one time inside a class with
different in signature is called function overloading. Different in signature means either
no of parameters is different ortype of parameters is different or sequence of
parameters is different. But different in return value having no impact on function
overloading

Function overriding-Declaring same function in both base and derive class with same
signature is called function overriding.

Method Overriding-Method
overriding allows a subclass to override a specific implementation
of a method that is already provided by one of its superclasses.
Abstract class-An abstract class is a class which cannot be instantiated. Creation of an
object is not possible with an abstract class, but it can be inherited. An abstract class can
contain only Abstract method. Java allows only abstract method in abstract class while
for other languages allow non-abstract method as well.

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 interface-An interface is a collection of an abstract method. If the class implements an
inheritance, and then thereby inherits all the abstract methods of an interface.

– It is the type of enhancement in which there is some pre-preparation

Explicit Enhancement

done by SAP. 3 components in this enhancement.-ENHANCEMENT-POINT-

ENHANCEMENT-SECTION-ENHANCEMENT-SPOT

– It is the type of enhancement in which there is no pre-preparation done

Implicit Enhancement

by SAP.You can start this enhancement from anywhere. It can at the start of code, end of
code, Start of function module, End of function module.
'Refresh' is the keyword that is used to clear the contents of a body in an internal table.

Events associated with Interactive Reports are:AT LINE-SELECTION-AT USER-

COMMAND-AT PF<key>-TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.

In which event of the report we can handle radio buttons?– AT-SELECTION SCREEN
OUTPUT

How would you add the logo to ALV report? Logo can be added in ALV Report by using
FM ‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE’. create Lock objects in Data DictionaryLock
objects can be created through SE11. It starts with ‘E’ like EZlock. You have to specify
the Table Name and Lock Mode. Specify the Lock Parameter.
How to copy table across clients-Use Program RSCLTCOP.

field belong to by knowing only field name-First, use t-code SE84-Then navigate to
R/3 Repository -> ABAP Dictionary -> Fields -> Table Fields -Now insert the field
name and execute...-A list of table where the field is used is will be shown.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LOCAL CLASS AND GLOBAL CLASS

LOCAL CLASS GLOBAL CLASS

Local classes and interfaces are part of ABAP Global classes and interfaces are stored centrally
program can only be used within the program in in the class repository and are available
which they are defined. throughout the SAP system.

Local classes consist of ABAP source code, Global classes are defined with GUI of Class
enclosed in the ABAP statements CLASS.. Builder ( Tcode SE24 )
ENDCLASS
Local class name can begin with any character. User defined Global class name must start with Y
or Z.

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