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Parts of Computers Topic Presentation

Computer components are divided into hardware and software. Hardware components can be seen and touched, while software cannot. A desktop computer consists of a system unit and peripheral devices like a monitor, keyboard, and mouse connected to the system unit. The system unit houses the central processing unit (CPU) and drives for storing and reading data. The CPU processes data and contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Storage devices like RAM, ROM, hard disks, and CDs are used for temporary and permanent data storage. A motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all internal components and external peripherals in a computer.

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Muhammad Hadi shakir
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95 views8 pages

Parts of Computers Topic Presentation

Computer components are divided into hardware and software. Hardware components can be seen and touched, while software cannot. A desktop computer consists of a system unit and peripheral devices like a monitor, keyboard, and mouse connected to the system unit. The system unit houses the central processing unit (CPU) and drives for storing and reading data. The CPU processes data and contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Storage devices like RAM, ROM, hard disks, and CDs are used for temporary and permanent data storage. A motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all internal components and external peripherals in a computer.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Hadi shakir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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parts of computers topic

presentation
Computer components are divided into two major
categories, which are hardware and software. The
difference between the two is that hardware components
can be seen and touched, but software components can
only be seen; they cannot be touched.
A desktop computer is made up of a collection of
different components that are interconnected in order to
function as a single entity. A typical desktop is basically
made up of a system unit  and other devices connected to
the system unit called peripheral devices. Examples of
peripheral devices include; monitor also known as screen,
keyboard and the mouse.
System Unit
This is the part that houses the brain of a computer called
the Central Processing Unit (CPU). It also houses other
devices called drives. Drives are used to store, record and
read data. The figures below show the two common types
of system units namely;
Input Devices; This are devices used for entering data
into the computer. The most common input devices are
the keyboard and the mouse. Others include joystick,
scanners, touch screen, light pen, stylus and trackball.
The central processingunit; Also known as
the processor. It is used for data processing. The CPU is
housed inside the system unit. It is the brain of the
computer and forms one of the main parts of the system
unit.
The CPU has two main parts: Control Unit(CU) and
the Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU). The power of a
processor depends on its speed. This speed is measured in
terms of the number of instructions it can process per
second, the speed of the processor is measured
in Hertz(Hz). Output devices; This are devices used to
display information or data. They give output as
either softcopy or hardcopy. Softcopy  output is that
which can be seen, listened to, but not
touched. Hardcopy output is that which is given on a
paper; it can be touched. Some examples of output
devices include the monitor, the printer and audio
speakers.
    
        
Storage devices; This are devices used for storing data
before and after processing. It is divided into
two; primary memory and secondary memory.
The primary memory; is mainly used for loading
programs and data processing. It also offers temporary
storage of data that are already processed. The primary
memory is divided into two; Random
Access Memory(RAM) and (ROM) 
which stands for read-only memory, are both present in
your computer. 
RAM is volatile memory that temporarily stores the files
you are working on. ROM is non-volatile memory that
permanently stores instructions for your computer
What is computer RAM?

RAM is volatile memory, which means that the


information temporarily stored in the module is erased
when you restart or shut down your computer. Because
the information is stored electrically on transistors, when
there is no electric current, the data disappears. Each time
you request a file or information, it is retrieved either
from the computer's storage disk or the internet. The data
is stored in RAM, so each time you switch from one
program or page to another, the information is instantly
available. When the computer is shut down, the memory
is cleared until the process begins again. Volatile memory
can be changed, upgraded, or expanded easily by users. 
What is ROM?

ROM stands for non-volatile memory in computers.,


which means the information is permanently stored on the
chip. The memory does not depend on an electric current
to save data, instead, data is written to individual cells
using binary code. Non-volatile memory is used for parts
of the computer that do not change, such as the initial
boot-up portion of the software, or the firmware
instructions that make your printer run. Turning off the
computer does not have any effect on ROM. Non-volatile
memory cannot be changed by users.
The secondary memory; Type of memory that offers
permanent storage of information or backup of data.
To back up refers to the computer procedure for making
extra copies of data incase the original is lost or damaged.
A copy of the work made is called a backup. Backups
should always be stored in another location, away from
original copies. Some examples of secondary storage
devices include hard disks, floppy disks, flash disks and
compact Disks(CDs).

       
The pieces of hardware that come fixed in the system
unit are referred to as onboard devices. Examples
include CPU, primary memory and chipset. Other
hardware known as peripheral devices are external
and must be connected to the system unit
through ports by the use of data interface cables. A
port is an opening, or a socket in a computer or a
network into which a device can be plugged .

What is a motherboard?
A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in
a computer. The motherboard is a computer's central
communications backbone connectivity point, through
which all components and external peripherals connect.

Motherboards can be found in virtually all computers,


especially desktop and laptop PCs. The components that
connect through them include chipsets, central processing
units (CPU) and memory. The external peripherals
include Wi-Fi, Ethernet and graphics cards with the
graphics processing unit, or GPU.

Motherboard manufacturers include Acer, ASRock, Asus,


Gigabyte Technology, Intel and Micro-Star International.

How do motherboards work?


The PCB of a large motherboard may include six to 14
layers of fiberglass, copper connecting traces and copper
planes for power and signal isolation. Other components
get added to a motherboard through expansion slots.
These include processor sockets; dual in-line memory
modules; Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), PCI
Express (PCIe) and solid-state drive M.2 slots; as well as
power supply connections.

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