section

temp eratu re

p l at i n u m res i s ta nc e temperature detectors

P T100

T h e s o p h i s t i c a t i o n o f m o d e r n p ro c e s s c o n t r o l o r g a n i s a t i o n a l l o w s s t a n d a rd a n d s p e c i a l d e t e c t o r d e s i g n s

and monitoring equipment, for industrial and laboratory to be delivered with an unr ivalled ser vice.

usage, requires a temperature measurement capability having It is possible that we have in stock the detectors you need.

th e h i g h est re p eatab ility and stab ility. T h i s b ro c h u re d e t a i l s o n l y t h e m o s t p o p u l a r d e t e c t o r,

For precise temperature measurement the Platinum i.e. PT100 Series. For other detectors as mentioned, please

R e s i s t a n c e T h e r m o m e t e r ( P. R . T. ) o f f e r s t h e b e s t o v e r a l l enquire.

advantage of any device and the ceramic bodied wire-wound To c o v e r t h e m a n u f a c t u r e o f P. R . T. d e t e c t o r s c e r t a i n

p l a t i n u m re s i s t a n c e t e m p e r a t u re d e t e c t o r ( R . T. D . ) h a s t h e national and inter national standards exist.

h i g h e s t p e r f o r m a n c e , w h e n c o m p a re d a g a i n s t “ f i l m ” a n d The three best k nown are:-

“g l assed” type s of d etectors. British B S 1 9 0 4 : 1964

Detectors supplied by Sensing Devices are of the wire- German D I N 4 3 7 6 0 : 1968

wound type, in which the platinum winding is partially American R C 2 1 - 4 : 1966

s u p p o r t e d b y a h i g h t e m p e r a t u re g l a s s a d h e s i v e , i n s i d e a Of these three standards, BS1904 is the most demanding.

ceramic tube. This construction provides a detector in which Sensor s complying with B S1904 will also satisfy DIN43760

s t a b i l i t y, r e p e a t a b i l i t y a n d a c c u r a c y a r e o f t h e h i g h e s t and R C21-4.

available for most industrial and scientific applications. B a s i c a l l y t h e t h re e s t a n d a rd s a re e q u i v a l e n t o n e t o t h e

By concentrating on this detector type, Sensing Devices other.

has been able to offer the largest possible selection of sizes W ithin this section reference will be made frequently t o

to suit all types of requirements. Also, the unique company BS1904 for which the Pt100 range is basically applicable.

12-2 TOLL FREE NUMB ER 1 8 0 0 8 1 1 8 1 8

 section

sensing devices ltd

platinum resistance – temperature detectors

THE INTERNATIONAL PRACTICAL TEMPERATURE SCALE All temperatures referred to in this section relate to

The IPTS-68 is based on the assigned values of the IPTS-68.

temperatures of a number of reproducible equilibrium states Where more detailed information about IPTS-68 is

(defining fixed points) and standard instruments calibrated re q u i re d , i t i s re c o m m e n d e d t h a t a s t u d y b e m a d e o f “ T h e

at these temperatures. The standard instrument used from I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r a c t i c a l Te m p e r a t u r e S c a l e o f 1 9 6 8 ” .

13.81K to 630.74˚C is the Platinum Resistance Thermometer.

T E M P E R AT U R E / R E S I S TA N C E R E L AT I O N S H I P 
T h i s w a s c h o s e n b e c a u s e o f i t s e x t re m e l y h i g h s t a n d a rd s
This section details the most commonly used detector
o f repro du ci bility of measurement.
s p e c i f i c a t i o n i n g e n e r a l u s e t h ro u g h o u t E u ro p e , U S A a n d
The unit of the fundamental physical quantity known as
many other par ts of the wor ld.
thermodynamic temperature, symbol T, is the kelvin, symbol

K, defined as the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic Pt100

tem peratu re of the trip le p oint of w ater. T h e Te m p e r a t u r e / R e s i s t a n c e R e l a t i o n s h i p f o r p l a t i n u m

F o r h i s t o r i c a l re a s o n s , re l a t e d t o t h e w a y t e m p e r a t u re resistance thermometers can be obtained from the Callendar-

s c a l e s w e re o r i g i n a l l y d e f i n e d , i t i s c o m m o n p r a c t i c e t o van Dusen equation.

e x p re s s a t e m p e r a t u re i n t e r m s o f i t s d i ff e re n c e f ro m t h a t For the r ange -200˚C to 0˚C:

Rt = Ro { 1 + At + Bt2 + Ct3 (t -100)} ............. ( 1 )
of a thermal state 0.01 kelvins lower than the triple point
For the r ange 0˚C to 630˚C:
Rt = Ro { 1 + A t ’ + B t ’ 2} ............. ( 2 )
o f w a t e r. A t h e r m o d y n a m i c t e m p e r a t u re , T , e x p re s s e d i n
The constants A, B and C are determined by the properties
this way is known as a Celsius temperature, symbol t,
o f t h e p l a t i n u m w i re u s e d i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n . P l a t i n u m i s
def i n ed by t = T - 273.15K.
specially selected to give nominal values of the constants
T h e u n i t o f C e l s i u s t e m p e r a t u re i s t h e d e g re e C e l s i u s ,
b e l o w. T h e n o m i n a l v a l u e s f o r A l p h a , D e l t a a n d B e t a a re
symbol ˚C, which by definition, is equal in magnitude to the
also listed.
k e l v i n . A d i ff e re n c e o f t e m p e r a t u re m a y b e e x p re s s e d i n

kel vi n s o r degrees Celsius.

DETECTOR CONS TANTS Pt100
A 3,908 02
T h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r a c t i c a l Te m p e r a t u re S c a l e o f 1 9 6 8
B -5,801 95
C -4,273 50
(IPTS-68) has been constituted in such a way that any Alpha 3,850
Delta 1,50700
temperature measured on it is a close approximation to the Beta 0,111
numerically corresponding thermodynamic temperature. The constants A, B and C can be wr itten:
A = Alpha {1 + Delta } ˚C - –
M o r e o v e r, s u c h m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e e a s i l y m a d e a n d a r e 100 1

h i g h l y re p ro d u c i b l e ; i n c o n t r a s t , d i re c t m e a s u re m e n t s o f B = Alpha x Delta x 10 -4 ˚C - 2
C = Alpha x B eta x 10 -8 ˚C - 4
thermodynamic temperatures are both difficult to make and

i m p re c i s e . T h e I P T S - 6 8 u s e s b o t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r a c t i c a l Alpha (α) is the temperature coefficient of resistance

Kelvin Temperatures, symbol T 68 , and International Practical (obtained by measurement of the detector resistance R o at

C e l s i u s Te m p e r a t u re s , s y m b o l t 6 8 . T h e re l a t i o n b e t w e e n ˚C and R 1 0 0 at 100˚C) and is defined as:

T68 and t68 is the same as that between T and t, for Alpha = R 1 0 0 - R o
100 x R o
exampl e: t 6 8 = T 6 8 - 273.15K
D e l t a ( δ ) i s o b t a i n e d b y c a l i b r a t i o n a t a h i g h t e m p e r a t u re ,
T h e u n i t s T 6 8 a n d t 6 8 a re t h e k e l v i n , s y m b o l K a n d t h e
for example, at the Freezing Point of Zinc (419.58˚C)
d e g re e C e l s i u s , s y m b o l ˚ C ; t h a t i s ; t h e n a m e s o f t h e u n i t s

are the same as those used for the thermodynamic Beta (β) is obtained by calibration at a negative temperature.

temperatu re T and T .

TOLL FREE N U M BER 1800 811 818 12-3

 section
sensing devices ltd

p l at i n u m res i s ta nc e temperature detectors

U s i n g A l p h a , D e l t a a n d B e t a a n d C a l l e n d a r- v a n D u s e n p ro c e d u re i s d e s i g n a t e d i n o rd e r t h a t t h e s c a l e c o n f o r m s

equ ati o n can alter natively b e w ritten: e x a c t l y w i t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r a c t i c a l C e l s i u s Te m p e r a t u re s ,

Rt = Ro {1 + [t- ( t ) ( t -1)- ( t )3 ( t -1)] } displayed as t 68 . For temperatures from 0˚C to 630°C, Figure

T h e t e m p e r a t u re / re s i s t a n c e s c a l e o b t a i n e d b y u s i n g t h e 1 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e a p p r o x i m a t e c o r r e c t i o n n e c e s s a r y. F o r

C a l l e n d a r- v a n D u s e n e q u a t i o n p ro v i d e s a re s i s t a n c e v a l u e t e m p e r a t u re s b e l o w 0 ˚ C t h e c o r re c t i o n p ro c e d u re i s m u c h

as a function of temperature t’. In order to equate this more complex and reference should be made to

temperature to the values defined by the Inter national “ I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r a c t i c a l Te m p e r a t u r e S c a l e o f 1 9 6 8 ” f o r

Practical Temperature Scale – 1968 (IPTS-68) a correction fur ther details.

t68 - t’ 50
(mK)

40

30

20

10

0
100 200 300 400 500 600 t68 (˚C)

10

20

30

40 FI G URE 1

Relationship b etw een t 6 8 and t’ as given by Equation (2)

50

12-4 TOLL FREE NUMB ER 1 8 0 0 8 1 1 8 1 8

 section

sensing devices ltd

platinum resistance – temperature detectors

The temperature t’ is obtained from Equation (2) and t 68 is A g a i n w i t h re g a rd P t 1 0 0 r a n g e d e t e c t o r s a re a v a i l a b l e

d e r i v e d f ro m i t b y u s i n g t h e c o r re c t i o n s h o w n i n F i g u re 1 . in tolerance Bands 1 to 5 and in tolerance grades Class

In order to provide a more practical approach for users A and Class B of specifications DIN 43760 – 1980, BS

o f p l a t i n u m t h e r m o m e t e r s , t a b l e s o f t e m p e r a t u re a g a i n s t 1904: 1984 and IEC 751: 1983.

re s i s t a n c e v a l u e s a re l i s t e d i n 1 ˚ C s t e p s . A re d u c e d t a b l e H o w e v e r, i t s h o u l d b e a p p re c i a t e d t h a t o r i g i n a l l y D I N

i s s h o w n o n p a g e 1 2 - 7 . T h e f u l l t a b l e c a n b e p ro v i d e d o n 43760 and BS 1904: 1964 specified a tolerance at 0˚C of

requ est. 100 ±0.1 ohms and it is still widely accepted that 1/2, 1/3

1/5 and 1/10 DIN refer to these respective fractions of 0.1

DETECTOR TOLERANCE AND ACCURACY
ohms. In 1979 DIN 43760 was revised and the current DIN
The two most important factors affecting detector tolerance
43760 – 1980 now has tolerance bands of ±0.12 ohms
are deviation from the nominal resistance value at 0˚C and
( C l a s s B ) a n d ± 0 . 0 6 o h m s ( C l a s s A ) . T h e c u r re n t s i t u a t i o n
variation in the temperature coefficient (Alpha) of the
in Europe is that specifications BS 1904: 1984, DIN 43760:
platinum wire. The first factor, deviation from R o , is a direct
1980 and IEC 751: 1983 now completely conform on all
result of the manufacturing method and a tolerance
toler ance values and char acter istics.
of±0,01% is readily achievable. In the case of Alpha
For 100 ohm detectors the tolerance values at any
variation, the wire manufacturer dictates to a larger extent
temperature (t˚C) for these specifications are given by:
the final values obtained. However, manufacturing processes
±0.3 + (0.005 x t)˚C for Class B
do cause changes in the metal and it is essential to have
± 0.15 + (0.002 x t)˚C for Class A
c o m p l e t e c o n t ro l o f e v e r y s t a g e o f p ro d u c t i o n i n o rd e r t o
These tolerance values include deviations in Ro and
guarantee minimum deviation from specification.
Alpha, but when using these allowed deviations the values
Detectors supplied by Sensing Devices have close
for Alpha can vary from 0.003837 to 0.003863 for Class B
c o n t ro l o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g t e c h n i q u e s a n d c r i t i c a l s e l e c t i o n
and from 0.003845 to 0.003855 for Class A detectors.
of materials resulting in typical Alpha deviation of less than

±0.000003˚C -1 . This ensures the very highest conformance

t o t h e t e m p e r a t u re / re s i s t a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t h u s g i v i n g
OTHER DETECTOR RANGES MANUFACTURED BY S.D.L.:

f u l l c o n f i d e n c e i n d e t e c t o r i n t e rc h a n g e a b i l i t y a n d a l l o w i n g In addition to Pt100, Sensing Devices currently manufacture

a range of detectors with characteristics not detailed in this
s e c t i o n . S o m e t y p e s a re :
critical measurements, such as determination of small
1 . 1 0 0 o h m a t 0 ˚ C ; A l p h a = . 0 0 3 9 1 6 ˚ C -1 .
temperature differentials, to be made with accuracy, stability D 100 series, JIS C 1604.
2 . 1 3 0 o h m a t 0 ˚ C ; A l p h a = . 0 0 3 9 0 0 ˚ C -1 .
an d repeatability.
F 130 series BS 2G. 148

The most typical tolerance band for industrial usage, 3. 10 ohm platinum at 25˚C.
4. 10 ohm platinum at 20˚C.
specifically chosen by Sensing Devices as their standard, 5 . 1 0 0 o h m a t 0 ˚ C ; A l p h a = . 0 0 3 9 0 0 ˚ C -1 ( F 1 0 0 )
6 . 1 0 0 o h m a t 0° C ; A l p h a = . 0 0 3 9 2 3° C -1 .
is ±0.1% of resistance at 0˚C (R o ). However, closer tolerance
7. SAMA 100 ohm nominal; Ro = 98.129 ohms
detectors are available in quantity in the following tolerance 8. SAMA 10 ohm platinum at 0˚C
We would be pleased to quote for supplying any size of detector
ban ds. with other characteristics.
O n e s p e c i a l d e t e c t o r m a n u f a c t u re d i s R 2 5 . 5 / 5 0 P w h i c h i s
BA ND TO L E R AN CE (% of R o ) s p e c i a l l y d e s i g n e d f o r i n c l u s i o n i n t o P re c i s i o n Te m p e r a t u re
1 0 . 1 (Stand ard ) S t a n d a rd s f o r c a l i b r a t i o n p u r p o s e s . T h e re s i s t a n c e a t 0 ˚ C i s
2 0.05 25.5 ohms and the minimum Alpha value is .003925˚C -1. Full
technical information will gladly be forwarded on request.
3 0.03
4 0.02
5 0.01

TOLL FREE N U M BER 1800 811 818 12-5

 section
sensing devices ltd

p l at i n u m res i s ta nc e temperature detectors

T E M P E R AT U R E R A N G E PRESSURE

T h e S e n s i n g D e v i c e s r a n g e o f t e m p e r a t u re d e t e c t o r s a re The construction of Sensing Devices ceramic bodied

designed for use over the temperature span from -200˚C to detectors ensures that they are insensitive to large changes

+ 8 0 0 ˚ C . H o w e v e r, t o a v o i d c o n t a m i n a t i o n s p e c i a l c a r e o f p re s s u re . H o w e v e r, i t s h o u l d b e re a l i s e d t h a t s i n c e t h e

should be taken when using detectors above 300˚C, d e t e c t o r s a re n o t h e r m e t i c a l l y s e a l e d , t h e y s h o u l d b e

parti cu l arl y when using metal sheaths. p ro t e c t e d f ro m c o n t a m i n a t i o n b y l i q u i d s o r g a s e s b y t h e

use of suitable protection sheaths.

C A L I B R AT I O N

For all detectors the calibration point is 5mm from the IMMERSION DEPTH

c e r a m i c b o d y a n d a t t h e c u s t o m e r ’ s re q u e s t ( w i t h e x t r a Depth of immersion is recommended to be three times the

cost) detectors can be supplied with calibration values at sensing length; under these conditions the requirements of

0 ˚ C an d 1 0 0 ˚ C, or at other temp eratures. B S1904; 1964 will gener ally be met.

Normally two leads, of platinum or platinum group

I N S U L AT I O N R E S I S TA N C E
m e t a l s , e x i t f ro m t h e c e r a m i c b o d y ( f o u r l e a d s f o r d u p l e x
At 240 V DC and at ambient temperature the insulation resistance
u n i t s ) a n d h a v e a s t a n d a rd l e n g t h o f 1 0 m m . L o n g e r l e a d
b e t w e e n l e a d s a n d s h e a t h i s g re a t e r t h a n 1 0 M e g o h m s .
l en g th s are availab le to sp ecial ord er.
THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT
L ead resi stan c e values are:
When tested in accordance with Section 3.18 of BS1904:
Detector Lead Lead
Diameter mm Diameter mm Resistance 1964 any thermoelectric potentials present will not cause the
ohms/mm/lead
2.4 to 5.0 0.45 0.0007 measurement to shift outside the application tolerance band.
1.6 0.27 0.0019
1.2 0.25 0.0023
0.9 0.15 0.0063 L I M I T I N G T E M P E R AT U R E S
S TA B I L I T Y When subjected to the upper and lower limits of the
Sensing Devices detectors are automatically aged as part t e m p e r a t u re r a n g e f o r a t o t a l p e r i o d o f 2 5 0 h o u r s a t e a c h
o f t h e m a n u f a c t u r i n g p ro c e s s , t h u s e n s u r i n g t h e h i g h e s t temperature, the insulation resistance shall not have fallen
levels of stability. Detectors operated over the range -50˚C below that required by Section 2.6 and the resistance
to +450˚C will have stability levels not attainable by any a c c u r a c y s h a l l b e w i t h i n t h e t o l e r a n c e s p e c i f i e d a t 0° C .
other type of detectors. Typically the resistance at 0˚C will
MAXIMUM CURRENT
not change by more than 0.04% after 10 consecutive shocks
Ty p i c a l v a l u e s o f c u r re n t s re c o m m e n d e d f o r s e n s o r s f o r
f ro m -2 0 0 ˚ C to + 600˚C.
minimal self heating are between 1 and 5mA.
S E L F H E AT I N G CONNECTION METHOD & SDL COLOUR CODE

When tested in a well stirred ice bath, the rise in temperature R ed A1

A) 2-W ire Connected
will not exceed 0.3˚C, with 10 milliwatts dissipated in the detector. Yellow B 2

THERMAL RESPONSE TIME

B lue C 3
T h e f o l l o w i n g v a l u e s a re g i v e n f o r g e n e r a l g u i d a n c e o n l y, B) 3-W ire Connected R ed A 1
Yellow B 2
f o r 5 0 % a n d 9 0 % re s p o n s e t o a s t e p c h a n g e o r 1 0 ˚ C f ro m
B lue C 3
an ambient temperature, in water flowing 0.4 metres/second. R ed A 1
C) 4-W ire Connected
Detector Diameter mm Response Time in Seconds Yellow B 2
Green D 4
50% 90%
B lue E 5
3.0 & 3.2 0.6 2.2 Green F 6
2.4 & 2.8 0.35 1.8 D) 4-W ire Compensated R ed A 1
1.6 0.3 1.6
1.2 0.25 1.3 Yellow B 2
0.9 0.15 0.7
R ed A1
Yellow B 2
V I B R AT I O N
E) 2-W ire Connected Duplex B lue G 7
Green H 8
When properly supported detectors will withstand a vibration
Other colour codes may sometimes have to be adopted
l e v e l o f 3 0 g o v e r t h e f re q u e n c y r a n g e o f 1 0 H z t o 1 k H z . dependent on the availability of mater ial.

12-6 TOLL FREE NUM B ER 1 8 0 0 8 1 1 8 1 8

 I N D U S T R I A L R E S I S TA N C E T H E R M O M E T E R T O B S 1 9 0 4 TA B L E 1
1970 REVISION
-200˚C TO 629˚C 10˚C INCREMENTS

t 6 8 (˚ C) -0 -10 -2 0 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90

Resi stance – Ohm

-200 1 8 . 49

-100 6 0 . 25 56. 1 9 5 2 . 11 48.00 43.87 39.71 35.53 31.32 27.08 22.80

- 0 1 00 . 0 9 6. 09 92 . 1 6 88.22 84.27 80.31 76.33 72.33 68.33 64.30

+0 +10 + 20 +30 +40 +50 +60 +70 +80 +90

Resi stance – Ohm

+ 0 1 0 0. 0 1 03. 9 0 10 7 . 79 111.67 115.54 119.40 124.24 127.07 130.89 134.70

10 0 1 3 8. 50 142 . 2 9 1 4 6. 06 149.82 153.58 157.31 161.04 164.76 168.46 172.16

20 0 1 7 5. 84 179 . 5 1 1 8 3. 17 186.82 190.45 194.07 197.69 201.29 204.88 208.45

30 0 2 1 2. 02 215 . 5 7 2 1 9. 12 222.65 226.17 229.67 233.17 236.65 240.13 243.59

40 0 2 4 7. 04 250 . 4 8 2 5 3. 90 257.32 260.72 264.11 267.49 270.86 274.22 277.56

50 0 2 8 0. 90 284 . 2 2 2 8 7. 53 290.83 294.11 297.39 300.65 303.91 307.15 310.38

temperature/resistance table

60 0 3 1 3. 59 316 . 8 0
section

TOLL FREE N U M BER 1800 811 818

12-7
sensing devices ltd