TUTORIAL WEEK 7 PHY210

FLUIDS

1. Figure 1 shows a 500 N of weight placed on the small piston of a hydraulic machine.
The small piston has an area of 7.0x10-2 m2. If the larger piston has a diameter of 0.6
m, calculate the maximum weight the piston can support.
(2x103 N)

Figure 1

2. A hydraulic lift in service station has a large piston and a small piston with diameters
of 40 cm and 10 cm, respectively. Calculate:
i.The force upon the small piston to lift a load 500 kg.
ii.The pressure that increase in the confined liquid due to the force.
(Ans: i) 306.56 N, ii) 39 kPa)

3. A 275 L iron tank is fully filled with gasoline. When dropped into water, the tank floats.
The volume of water displaced equals the total volume of iron and gasoline. Calculate
the volume of iron used in making the tank.
(ρgasoline = 680 kgm-3, ρiron = 7800 kgm-3, ρwater = 1000 kgm-3)
(Ans: 0.013 m3)
4. Figure 2 shows a block of wood with a volume of 40 cm3 and the density of 700 kgm-
3
is tied to the bottom of a container filled with water.
i.State the Archimedes Principle.
ii.Draw a free body diagram representing all the forces acting on the block.
iii.Calculate the tension in the string.
(Ans: iii) 0.118 N)

Figure 2
5. A copper ball with a diameter of 4.0 mm falls vertically into water in a container. If the
density of copper and water are 8900 kgm-3 and 1000 kgm-3 respectively, calculate:
i.The weight of the copper ball.
ii.The buoyant force acting on the copper ball.

(Ans: i) 2.926 x 10-3 N, ii) 3.287 x 10-4 N)

6. Calculate the pressure difference between two points in a U-tube manometer filled with
mercury (density = 13,600 kg/m³) if the height difference between the two liquid
columns is 0.15 m.
(19,960 Pa)
7. A U-tube manometer filled with water (density = 1,000 kg/m³) measures a pressure
difference of 2,000 Pa. Calculate the height difference between the two liquid columns.
(0.204 m)
8. Calculate the atmospheric pressure if a mercury barometer reads a column height of
750 mm Hg (density of mercury = 13,600 kg/m³).
(100,315 Pa)
9. Determine the pressure at the bottom of a 4 m deep water tank (density of water =
1,000 kg/m³) if atmospheric pressure is 101,325 Pa.
(139,565 Pa)
10. Calculate the pressure difference between two points in a U-tube manometer filled with
oil (density = 850 kg/m³) if the height difference between the two liquid columns is 0.25
m.
(2,085 Pa)
11. A U-tube manometer is filled with a liquid of unknown density. The manometer is
connected to a pressurized gas container with a pressure of 120,000 Pa. The height
difference between the two liquid columns is 0.55 m. If the atmospheric pressure is
101,325 Pa and the gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s², calculate the density of the
unknown liquid.
(3,147 kg/m³)
12. A hydraulic press has a small piston with a diameter of 4 cm and a large piston with a
diameter of 16 cm. If a force of 200 N is applied to the small piston, calculate the force
exerted by the large piston.
(3,200 N)

13. In a hydraulic lift, the small piston has a diameter of 5 cm and the large piston has a
diameter of 50 cm. If a force of 300 N is applied to the small piston, what is the force
exerted by the large piston?
(30,000 N)

14. A U-tube filled with water (density = 1,000 kg/m³) has one end sealed and evacuated
to create a vacuum. If the atmospheric pressure is 101,325 Pa and the water column's
height difference is 10.3 m, calculate the pressure at the vacuum-sealed end of the U-
tube.
(202,017 Pa)
15. A solid metal cylinder with a mass of 5 kg and a volume of 0.001 m³ is submerged in
water. Calculate the buoyant force acting on the cylinder.
(9.81 N)
16. A rectangular wooden block with dimensions 0.2 m × 0.3 m × 0.5 m and a density of
600 kg/m³ is floating in water. Determine the volume of the block submerged in water.
(0.018 m³)

17. A solid sphere with a mass of 12 kg and a radius of 0.15 m is completely submerged
in water. Calculate the buoyant force acting on the sphere.
(138.66 N)

18. A cube with a side length of 0.1 m and a density of 800 kg/m³ is placed in a fluid with
a density of 900 kg/m³. Will the cube float or sink? If it floats, what is the fraction of the
cube submerged in the fluid?
(0.889)

19. A boat displaces 30,000 kg of water. Determine the buoyant force acting on the boat.
(294,300 N)

20. A balloon filled with helium gas has a volume of 50 m³ and a total mass (including the
balloon material) of 10 kg. Calculate the maximum payload the balloon can carry
without sinking in air with a density of 1.2 kg/m³.
(5,791.9 N)