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Tutorial Chapter 6 Part 1

This document contains 6 questions about gas laws and kinetic theory. It provides calculations to determine temperatures in Kelvin given Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures. It uses the ideal gas law and Boyle's law to calculate changes in volume or pressure given other variable changes. The last two questions explain how Charles' law and Gay-Lussac's law follow from the kinetic theory view that gas particle collisions and energies relate to temperature and pressure.

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17 views

Tutorial Chapter 6 Part 1

This document contains 6 questions about gas laws and kinetic theory. It provides calculations to determine temperatures in Kelvin given Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures. It uses the ideal gas law and Boyle's law to calculate changes in volume or pressure given other variable changes. The last two questions explain how Charles' law and Gay-Lussac's law follow from the kinetic theory view that gas particle collisions and energies relate to temperature and pressure.

Uploaded by

Littlekittens Cats
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 11

Chapter 6 Tutorial
Gas Laws and
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Question 1
What are the following temperatures on
the Kelvin scale: (a) 86°C, (b) 78°F

T
= (K) T ( C ) + 273.15
o

T (K) = ( )
o
T C + 273.15 =
86 + 273.15 =
359 K

K)
T (= 5
9
T ( o F ) − 32  + 273.15

T ( K ) =T ( F ) − 32  + 273.15 =95 [ 78 − 32] + 273.15 =299 K


5
9
 o
Question 2
Absolute zero is what temperature on the
Fahrenheit scale?

T (=
K) 5
9
T ( F ) − 32  + 273.15
o

T (=
K) 5
9
T ( o F ) − 32  + 273.15 →

T ( )
o
F =5[ (
9
T K ) − 273.15 ] + 32 =5[
9
0 − 273.15 ] + 32 =−459.67 o
F
Question 3
If 3 m3of a gas initially at STP is placed under
a pressure of 3.20 atm, the temperature of the
gas rises to 38.0°C. What is the volume?

Assume the gas is ideal. Since the amount of gas


is constant, the value of is PV constant
T
PV PV P1 T2  1.00 atm  ( 273 + 38 ) K
1 1

T1
= 2 2
T2
→ V2= V1
P2 T1
= ( ) 3.20 atm  273 K = 1.07 m3
3.00m 3 
 
Question 4
A scuba diver releases a 4cm diameter spherical
bubble of air from a depth of 20 m in a lake. What
is the volume of bubble when it reaches the
surface? Assume the temperature is constant.
Given density of water is 1000 kg/m3
3 1 3 P1V1=P2V2
= πr 6 πd
V 3= 4
Question 4

Using Boyle’s Law : P1V1=P2V2

P1V1 = (2.972 X 105 ) (3.35 X 10-5 )


= 9.9652
P2V2 = (1.01 X105 ) V2

V2 = (P1V1) / P2 = 9.87 X 10-5 m3


Question 5
Explain in words how Charles’s law follows from
kinetic theory and the relation between average
kinetic energy and the absolute temperature.

Charles’s law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas increases
proportionately to the absolute temperature when the pressure is
held constant.

As the temperature increases, the molecules have more kinetic


energy, and the average force exerted by a gas molecule colliding with
the boundaries of the container is proportional to the kinetic energy.
Thus the force exerted during the collisions increases.

The pressure is the force per unit area, and so for the pressure to
remain constant, the surface area of the boundaries must increase,
which means the volume of the container must increase.
Question 6
Explain in words how Gay-Lussac’s law follows
from kinetic theory.

Gay-Lussac’s law states that at constant volume, the absolute pressure


of a gas is proportional to the absolute temperature.

Kinetic molecular theory has a result that the average force exerted by
gas particles as they collide with the container boundaries is
proportional to the kinetic energy, assuming a fixed container size.

For the pressure to increase, the force on the walls must increase, which
means the kinetic energy must therefore increase.

But the kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the absolute


temperature, and so for the pressure to increase, the temperature must
also increase

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